气相色谱法测定萝卜中的MTB—GSL

应用气相色谱法测定萝卜中的ＭＴＢ－ＧＳＬ含量。利用萝卜内部的芥子酶，使ＭＴＢ－ＧＳＬ水解脱去葡萄糖，测定水解生成的ＭＴＢ－ＩＴＣ，然后通过化学反应式计算得到ＭＴＢ－ＧＳＬ的含量。     

笋兰的组织培养初报

１植物名称笋兰（ＴｈｕｎｉａａｌｂａＲ．ｆ．）２材料类别茎段３培养条件培养基：（１）ＭＳ＋ＫＴ１ｍｇ／Ｌ（单位下同）＋ＮＡＡ１;（２）１／２ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ２＋ＮＡＡ１＋１０％ＣＭ;（３）１／２ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ１＋１０％ＣＭ;（４）ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ１＋１％活性...     

健康鸵鸟(1～6月龄)38项血清生化参数的测定

建立健康鸵鸟（Ｓｔｒｕｔｈｉｏｃａｍｅｌｕｓ）的血清全套生化参数，采用日本岛津ＣＬ ７２００型全自动生化分析仪，对３０只１～６月龄健康鸵鸟３８项血清生化参数进行测定．结果如下：（１）血清蛋白参数／ｇ·Ｌ－１：ＴＰ３１．８２，ＡＬＢ１５．４１，ＧＬＯ１６．１８（ＡＬＢ／ＧＬＯ０．９５），Ａｐｏ Ａ１０．１２，Ａｐｏ Ｂ０．１４（Ａｐｏ Ａ１／Ａｐｏ Ｂ０．８０）；（２）血清酶参数／ｕ·Ｌ－１：ＡＬＴ１４．３，ＡＳＴ４５６．８（ＡＬＴ／ＡＳＴ０．３８），ＧＧＴ３．４，ＬＤＨ１６０３．１，ＣＫ３９３６．８，ＣＫ ＭＢ１４３０．８，ＡＭＹ３４１５．１，ＡＫＰ５７１．７，ＨＢＤＨ３７３．３；（３）血清糖、蛋白质、脂类及其代谢产物参数／ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１：ＧＬＵ９．４１，ＴＲＩ１．９７，ＢＵＮ０．９４，ＬＤＬ２．１９，ＨＤＬ１．５４，ＣＨＯ３．５８（ＨＤＬ／ＣＨＯ０．４１）；ＣＲＥ１２．６５μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１（ＢＵＮ／ＣＲＥ０．０６３），ＵＡ５０５．２４μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１，ＴＢＡ３７．１μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１，ＴＢＩＬ５．３２μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１，ＤＢＩＬ３．２１μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１，ＩＢＩＬ２．０８μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１，ＴＴＴ４．１２ｕ；（?     

第二讲 MINITAB命令概述（续）

（指数）。（２）比较运算符：＝（或ＥＱ）、￣＝（或ＮＥ）、＜（或ＬＴ），＞（或ＧＴ）、＜＝（或ＬＥ）、＞＝（或ＧＥ）。（３）逻辑运算符：逻辑与＆（或ＡＮＤ）、逻辑或｜（或ＯＲ）、逻辑非￣（或ＮＯＴ）。（４）函数：在ＬＥＴ命令中可以使用的函数见表２－３所示。在ＬＥＴ命令中使用函数时，函数的参数必须用括号括住。（５）下标：可以在列变量后使用下标，如Ｃ１（３），代表Ｃ１的第三行的值。（６）在ＬＥＴ命令中运算符的优先级为：［下标］［函数］［］［！］［＊／］［＋－］［比较运算符］［＆］［｜］。例如：ＬＥＴＣ１（３）＝４＃将Ｃ１的第三个值改为４；ＬＥＴＣ４＝（Ｃ１－ＭＥＡＮ（Ｃ１））２；ＬＥＴＫ２＝ＳＵＭ（ＡＢＳＯ（Ｃ１－ＭＥＡＮ（Ｃ１）））：ＬＥＴＣ５＝（Ｃ１〈５）＋１；ＬＥＴＣ６＝（Ｃ１＜０｜（Ｃ２＝’＊’）；注意：在ＬＥＴ命令中不能用矩阵作参数。表２－３ＬＥＴ命令可以使用的函数２．加法由于ＭＩＮＩＴＡＢ的赋值运算命令不能以矩阵作为参数，所以ＭＩＮＩＴＡＢ还提供了专门用于加、减、乘、除运算的命令。加法命令为ＡＤＤ，可以对列变量、常数、存储常量或矩阵进行加法运算，其使用格式为：ＡＤＤＥ，．．．，ＥｐｕｔｉｎｔｏＥ其中     

动物源不动杆菌的药敏试验

动物源不动杆菌的药敏试验收稿日期：１９９７０６０４汤雅殊陆承平（南京农业大学动物医学院，南京２１００９５）ＡＮＴＩＭＩＣＲＯＢＩＡＬＳＵＳＣＥＰＴＩＢＩＬＩＴＹＴＥＳＴＩＮＧＯＦＡＣＩＮＥＴＯＢＡＣＴＥＲＳＴＲＡＩＮＳＩＳＯＬＡＴＥＤＦＲＯＭＡＮ...     

樱花离体培养芽外植体的建立

在生长季节的６月份，取约０．２ｃｍ大小、带叶原基的樱花（嫁接于樱桃砧上）芽心作为外植体。低浓度营养成份的软质启动培养基（１／４ＭＳ＋２％蔗糖＋０．５％琼脂，附加０．５ｍｇ／ＬＢＡＰ和０．０５ｍｇ／ＬＩＢＡ）能有效地防止外植体的褐化死亡；培养基表面无水膜、保持外植体干爽可避免胀水苗的发生；生长启动后，依次转入１／２ＭＳ和ＭＳ＋３％蔗糖＋０．８％琼脂培养基，附加１—２ｍｇ／ＬＢＡＰ和０．０５ｍｇ／ＬＩＢＡ，外植体快速生长而无玻璃状苗发生；每三周左右转管一次，约两个月后外植体生活力减退和茎不伸长的现象开始消失，之后培养基内不添加ＧＡ３外植体也能明显伸长（每次转管后茎可伸长２ｃｍ左右），而添加适当浓度的ＧＡ３（２ｍｇ／Ｌ）茎伸长可达４—５ｃｍ。     

黄花菜无性系快速繁殖技术研究

用黄花菜心叶、花被筒、花薹、花丝等外植体在不同培养基上培养，结果表明：花薹外植体的愈伤组织诱导率最高，为５１．３％；诱导愈伤组织的培养基以ＭＳ＋２，４－Ｄ２ｍｇ．Ｌ（－１）最好；再生植株以ＭＳ＋６ＢＡ１ｍｇ．Ｌ（－１）＋ＮＡＡ０．１ｍｇ．Ｌ（－１）为芽分化培养基、ＭＳ＋ＡＢＴ２ｍｇ．Ｌ（－１）为根分化培养基的效果最佳。快速繁殖技术取材广，不伤母根，繁殖系数高，是加速黄花菜种苗繁育的有效途径。     

碘硒缺乏对黄牛自由基及甲状腺激素代谢的研究

为了阐明低碘低硒环境中黄牛血液自由基及甲状腺激素代谢的变化规律和发生机理,本文选取黑龙江省五常市牛家镇自然状态下生长的１５头黄牛,随机分为３组,每组５头,其中（１）组每日补碘（碘化钾）０．７ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１;（２）组每日补硒（亚硒酸钠）０．２ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１,（３）组每日补碘硒分别为０．７ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１和０．２ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１。连续饲喂一个月。于试验的第０ｄ和３０ｄ,分别对血液谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ—ｐｘ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）、血液自由基（ＦＲ）水平和红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）以及血清Ｔ３、Ｔ４、ＴＳＨ含量进行系统检测。结果显示,当地黄牛饮水碘３．８２μｇ·Ｌ－１,饲料碘０．２８５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１,饲料硒０．０４９８ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１,血清蛋白结合碘７．０２μｇ·（１００ｍＬ）－１,全血硒０．１４ｍｇ·Ｌ－１,周围生活的人群甲状腺肿占２１．８０％。综合分析,试验区为低碘低硒环境。结果表明;３组黄牛全血ＧＳＨ－ｐｘ、ＣＡＴ活性极显著地升高,自由基净含量明显下降,血清Ｔ３、含量升高,ＴＳＨ降低、加碘组Ｔ４含量升高,加硒组Ｔ４略有升高,但统计不明显,碘硒组Ｔ４含量有所下降。红细胞ＳＯＤ和ＭＤＡ在整?     

菊花幼嫩花瓣愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生

以菊花幼嫩花瓣作为供体材料，ＭＳ作为基本培养基，在激素组合为６ＢＡ１～３ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ１ｍｇ／Ｌ或２，４ Ｄ１～３ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＫＴ１ｍｇ／Ｌ的范围内均能诱导出愈伤组织，但以ＭＳ附加６ＢＡ２ｍｇ／Ｌ和ＮＡＡ１ｍｇ／Ｌ的诱导率最高，可达１００％。将愈伤组织转移到ＭＳ＋６ＢＡ２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０２ｍｇ／Ｌ的培养基上，分化芽的频率为７７８％。将３ｃｍ左右的茎段转移到不含激素的ＭＳ培养基或ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ０１ｍｇ／Ｌ的培养基上，生根率可达９５％以上。     

寸三莲染色体核型和Giemsa C—带带型

采用Ｆ－ＢＳＧ制片法对寸三莲染色体组型及ＧｉｅｍｓａＣ－带带型进行了研究。结果表明：其染色体数目为２ｎ＝１６，核型公式为２ｎ＝１６＝２ｓｔ＋４ｓｍ＋８ｍ＋２ｍ（ＳＡＴ），第６对梁色体有随体，染色体长度比为３．３，Ｎ．Ｆ．值为３０，属２Ｂ核类型，染色体相对长度组成为２ｎ＝１６＝４Ｌ＋２Ｍ２＋４Ｍ１＋６Ｓ，Ｇｉｅｍｓａ Ｃ－带带型主要为着丝点带。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。     

锌对镉·汞复合污染下豌豆幼苗生长的影响

以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。