~（60）Co－γ射线对柑桔大实蝇幼虫的影响研究

用~（６０）Ｃｏ－γ射线辐照柑桔大实蝇幼虫作为检疫处理技术。结果表明，１０～１０００ＧＹ剂量对柑桔大实蝇Ｔｅｔｒａｄａｃｕｓｃｉｔｒｉ（Ｃｈｅｎ）老熟幼虫的杀灭率与辐照剂量成正比；未死亡的幼虫，可正常化蛹，但羽化率随辐照剂量的增加而降低，当剂量达５０ＧＹ以上时，蛹完全不能羽化。幼虫５０％和１００％死亡率的辐照剂量分别为２．７６ＫＧＹ和８７．７８ＫＧＹ。蛹５０％和１００％辐照死亡率的剂量分别为２０．４０ＧＹ和７０ＧＹ。经１００～１２００ＧＹ剂量辐照后的桔、橙和柚果实的总糖、总酸、Ｖｃ和固形物含量与对照无明显差异。检疫除害处理的合理辐照剂量为７０ＧＹ。     

猎蝇诱杀柑桔大实蝇应用试验报告

近年来,柑桔种植受柑桔大实蝇的危害损失在明显回升。通过不同浓度的猎蝇药剂试验,寻找防治柑桔大实蝇的诱杀新途径。结果表明,美国陶氏益农公司在中国登记的猎蝇饵剂(简称GF-120)在稀释15倍时诱杀效果比糖醋液好,且药效稳定持久。     

柑桔大实蝇防控把四关

柑桔大实蝇,又名桔大实蝇、黄果蝇.俗名柑蛆,属双翅目实蝇科,是植物检疫性有害生物.20世纪60年代在我国开始发生,近年呈蔓延趋势,给柑桔产业的发展和农民增产增收带来极大的威胁.柑桔大实蝇防控措施上要切实把住"四关".     

柑橘大实蝇防治试验效果报告

柑桔大实蝇的发生危害日益严重地威胁着柑桔产业健康发展，国内报道的防治措施很多，但防效不十分清楚。文章阐述了柑橘大实蝇成虫诱杀新药剂果瑞特I号与传统的糖酒醋液以不同给药方式的对比试验，也探索了蛆果处理对其防效的影响。结果表明，挂诱杀罐结合点喷与处理好蛆果相结合防治柑桔大实蝇防效显著。     

柑橘大实蝇对板栗挥发性有机化合物的触角电位及嗅觉行为反应

为了有效防控柑橘大实蝇,本文利用触角电位仪和"Y"形嗅觉仪测定初羽化的柑橘大实蝇成虫对4种不同浓度(0.5、1.0、5.0、10.0μg/μL)的14种板栗挥发物的触角电位(EAG)反应和嗅觉行为反应差异。结果表明,柠檬烯、α-蒎烯、苯乙酸甲酯、异丁醛、芳樟醇、β-石竹烯和苯乙醛对初羽化柑橘大实蝇成虫具有显著或极显著的引诱作用,戊醛、乙偶姻、乙酸芳樟酯和水杨酸甲酯对柑橘大实蝇成虫表现出显著或极显著的驱避作用,壬醛对柑橘大实蝇雌虫具有极显著的驱避作用、对柑橘大实蝇雄虫具有极显著的引诱作用。初羽化的柑橘大实蝇成虫对14种板栗挥发物之间的EAG反应存在极显著差异,对柠檬烯的EAG反应相对值最高(2.060±0.071),对戊醛的EAG反应相对值最低(0.455±0.050),其最高EAG反应相对值是最低的4.52倍;其余12种挥发物的EAG反应相对值介于二者之间。     

2012年柑桔大实蝇防控工作要点

柑桔大实蝇是湖南省柑桔主产区的重大害虫,可严重影响柑桔产量和品质.自2009年柑桔大实蝇不再列入国家农业部检疫性害虫名录以来,原有强制性检疫措施已不再适用,传播扩散和加重危害的风险增加,防控难度加大.为此,今年要继续把阻滞柑桔大实蝇扩散蔓延,有效控制其发生危害作为发生区农业部门的一件急事、大事来抓,要提高大实蝇防治工作的预见性、主动性和技术措施的科学性,有组织、有计划地开展大面积防治,提高防治效果和病虫治理水平,确保柑桔生产安全和广大柑农增产、增收.     

果瑞特诱杀柑桔大实蝇效果试验

试验结果表明,果瑞特诱剂对柑桔大实蝇诱杀效果明显优于传统的糖醋酒液,受害果数明显减少,试验示范区均未发现药害症状,示范结果与试验结果具有一致性。推荐使用果瑞特诱杀柑桔大实蝇成虫。     

塑料袋闷杀柑桔大实蝇虫果死亡率调查(英文)

[目的]探索经济、高效、无污染的杀死柑桔大实蝇幼虫的科学方法。[方法]选择塑料袋加某一浓度的杀虫剂和不加杀虫剂闷处柑桔大实蝇幼虫的方法,得出幼虫死亡数据,并进行方差分析。[结果]处理5 d后,塑料袋封口不加药处理和塑料袋封口加药处理幼虫死亡率无明显差异;与加药不封闭处理相比,在隔绝空气的条件下更易杀死柑桔大实蝇幼虫。[结论]塑料袋封口不加药处理更经济有效,且不污染环境。     

诱杀罐及蛆果处理综合防治柑橘大实蝇效果研究

诱杀罐及蛆果处理综合防治柑橘大实蝇效果研究结果表明,大面积防治以塑料袋处理蛆果与挂罐诱杀成虫相结合的措施防治柑桔大实蝇经济有效。     

小型收割机降噪设计及噪声分析

【目的】针对国产小型收割机在收割作业时普遍存在的振动大、噪声高等问题,设计一款符合噪声要求的小型收割机,并对收割机噪声进行测试与分析。【方法】根据噪声传递路径控制原理,对收割机关键零部件进行降噪设计,采用声强测试技术和噪声源分离识别技术相结合的方法,分析收割机左、右、后侧声强分布及各旋转部件对驾驶员耳侧噪声的影响。【结果】收割机声强较大点主要位于脱离滚筒、发动机排气口、风扇、输送螺旋等位置,且收割机后侧声强主要噪声频率为225 Hz;收割机各工作部件运行时驾驶员耳侧噪声主频均有所不同,发动机仅带风扇运行时,最大声压为73.7 dB(A),比仅带输送螺旋运行时噪声大4.2 dB(A),说明风扇对脱粒系统噪声影响较大。【结论】本文设计的小型收割机驾驶员耳测噪声总声压为90.9 dB(A),符合收割机噪声限值95 dB(A)的要求,该研究可为小型收割机降噪设计及噪声源识别提供技术参考。     

6种不同声频对豇豆苗期生长的影响

[目的]研究不同类型、频率特征的声波对豇豆苗期生长的影响。[方法]以古典音乐与昆虫鸣声的混合声波（MI）、杜鹃鸣声、蟋蟀鸣声、单一频率的400Hz声波和多种频率合成的F5、Fn声波进行试验比较,对豇豆苗高、苗重进行测定,采用EXCEL进行统计分析和多重比较。[结果]经6种不同类型和频率声频处理后,豇豆苗期生长生长状况均显著优于对照组,表明声波能显著促进株高生长,对豇豆苗期助长效果较好的是400Hz、杜鹃鸣声和蟋蟀鸣声,其次是MI、Fn和F5;与对照组相比,杜鹃鸣声和蟋蟀鸣声处理组在生长期间能显著促进苗株增重。[结论]不同类型、频率特征的声波对豇豆苗期生长都有明显的助长作用,但作用效果有所差异。     

6种不同声频对豇豆苗期生长影响的研究

[目的]研究不同类型、频率特征的声波对豇豆苗期生长的影响。[方法]以古典音乐与昆虫鸣声的混合声波（MI）、杜鹃鸣声、蟋蟀鸣声、单一频率的400Hz声波和多种频率合成的F5、Fn声波进行试验比较，对豇豆苗高、苗重进行测定，采用EXCEL进行统计分析和多重比较。[结果]经6种不同类型和频率声频处理后，豇豆苗期生长状况均显著优于对照组，表明声波能显著促进株高生长，对豇豆苗期助长效果较好的是400Hz、杜鹃鸣声和蟋蟀鸣声，其次是MI、Fn和巧；与对照组相比，杜鹃鸣声和蟋蟀鸣声处理组在生长期间能显著促进苗株增重。[结论]不同类型、频率特征的声波对豇豆苗期生长都有明显的助长作用，但作用效果有所差异。     

The effect of using passive hybrid muffler on a small generator set noise fuelled by natural gas

A detailed experimental study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of a hybrid muffler (HM) installation on sound emission of a small generator set fuelled by natural gas, which was covered by an acoustic enclosure. Specifications of a reactive muffler were calculated according to recommendation of ASHRAE 2.6 technical committee and based on an appropriate muffler was selected. The selected muffler was added to the muffler installed by manufacturer on generator (GM) and formed hybrid muffler (HM). The sound of generator set was measured for GM and HM setups on four sides of the generator at five different loading conditions (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% load) using a sound level meter. The results showed that application of HM could reduce the sound of generator at firing frequency (31.5 Hz) and frequencies greater than 1000 Hz, with the maximum values of 11.7 and 26 dB, respectively. The overall A-weighted generator sound was in the range of 73.2–85.8 dB (A) at all the loading conditions and sides by using HM. The acoustical performance of HM on the side with the maximum generator sound (side 1) increased from 5.1 dB (A) at no load to 10.61 dB (A) at full load conditions. Therefore, the HM usage could be recommended as a useful approach to attenuate the generator sound.     

柑桔实蝇幼虫振动信号的初步研究

对柑桔果实内两种实蝇幼虫的振动信号研究表明,蜜柑大实蝇(Te-tradacus tsunenonis Miyake)以单头幼虫为害,幼虫取食的振动信号频率较高,持续时间较长,容易辨识;桔大实蝇(T.citri Chen)以多头幼虫为害,不同个体的活动导致振动信号的混合和迭加,信号波型变化很大,采用常规示波技术难以进行定性定量分析。作者还讨论了本研究所用仪器的灵敏度和利用幼虫振动信号检测果实的可能性。     

300Hz脉冲音对许氏平鲉幼鱼的驯化效果

采用300 Hz脉冲波断续音在实验室水槽中对许氏平鲉Sebastes schlegeli幼鱼进行音响驯化试验。结果表明：在驯化第15天开始聚集时间减小到2 s,之后到20 d均无大变化;聚集时间从第5天开始整体呈递减趋势,驯化第16天,聚集时间达到最短（16 s）;聚集率则逐日增加,驯化第18天,聚集率达到最高,为91%,平均聚集率为83.9%;音响驯化结束10 d后再次放声,许氏平鲉开始聚集时间为3 s,聚集时间为44 s,聚集率为86.3%。由此可见,300 Hz脉冲波断续音对许氏平鲉有明显的驯化作用;许氏平鲉对驯化声音记忆力超过10 d且效果显著。     

柑橘大实蝇防控关键技术研究

对虫果塑料袋闷杀处理、成虫羽化期预测预报和成虫诱杀等柑橘大实蝇防控关键技术进行了研究,结果表明:虫果塑料袋闷杀处理4 d后,幼虫死亡率100%,7 d后大部分虫体变棕褐色,药剂熏蒸效果56%磷化铝>5%丁硫克百威.毒死碑>90%敌百虫晶体;各级蛹至羽化高峰的期距为:一级约20~24 d,二级7~10 d,三级5~7 d,四级2~3 d;成虫诱杀采用新配方药剂"果丰"进行橘园地面草喷施,比目前生产上应用的"果瑞特"点喷防治效果提高23.02个百分点,可以广泛应用于柑橘大实蝇的防治。     

Real time computer stress monitoring of piglets using vocalization analysis

The analysis of animal vocalization allows the interpretation of stress pattern in a non-invasive way, and it may be used to assess welfare as well as health status and social adaptation. This paper presents the development of software to monitor and analyze distinct sounds emitted by piglets correlating the noise response with levels of stress for assessing welfare. The software was developed using Delphi5. Through the component UwaveIn the sound was recorded with an electronic microphone and set to a PC hardware that registered the signal of amplitude noise intensity, expressed in decibel (dB), converting them into bytes. Fourier Transform was used to describe the sound spectrum and transform it into frequency and intensity. Validation of the software was done in a commercial swine farm using piglets from sows’ nursery. Five examples of vocalization were studied related to distinct levels of stress (fear and alertness) due to regular management procedures. The real time monitoring allowed the detection of piglet stress exposure through the surface point polynomial adjustment. The acoustic signal recorded in the software could be partitioned allowing an evaluation of the sonograph through time.     

Continuous wave acoustic method for determination of moisture content in agricultural soil

This work deals with the problem of measuring moisture content in agricultural soil by means of an on-site, easy to use and real-time acoustic wave system. The method is based on the propagation of an acoustic continuous wave (CW) with frequencies below 900 Hz through the soil. Speed of these acoustic waves enables estimation of water content and degree of saturation in the agricultural soil. It is argued that the change in the speed of sound in relation to the moisture content of the soil can be used for a continuous monitoring and control of irrigation of crops, thus leading to minimum use of irrigation water for optimal crop growth and to other associated advantages. The agreement between the experimental results obtained from the laboratory prototype and those obtained theoretically from Brutsaert's model for elastic wave propagation in soil-air-water system is presented.