小麦苗期生物量及氮效率相关性状的全基因组关联分析

【目的】探究不同氮素供应环境下与小麦苗期生物量及氮效率相关性状显著关联的SNP位点,预测相关候选基因,为小麦氮效率的基因克隆及其在育种中的应用提供参考。【方法】以134个小麦品种（系）组成的群体为供试群体,设置低氮、正常氮和高氮3个处理,各处理重复4次,并在2年（2013和2014年）进行了2次完全重复的营养液培养试验。试验对小麦苗期生物量及氮效率相关的14个性状进行了表型鉴定,采用MLM+K+Q混合线性模型,利用90K SNP芯片对小麦生物量及氮效率相关性状进行全基因组关联分析（genome-wide association study,GWAS）,获得显著关联的SNP位点。【结果】与正常氮处理相比,低氮处理条件下,根系、地上部及植株氮含量和氮积累量均显著下降,而根生物量和根、植株氮效率均显著增加,高氮处理下,几乎所有鉴定性状均显著增加;14个性状的广义遗传力均在40%以上,其中,植株总干重的遗传力最高（95.73%）。利用9 329个SNP标记进行关联分析,共检测到838个SNP标记位点与供试材料的14个性状存在显著关联（P≤0.001）,分布在21条染色体上。有435个（51.91%）SNP标记位点仅在一个关联分析环境中被检测到;有403个位点至少在2个处理环境（包含均值环境）中被检测到与同一性状显著关联（稳定关联标记）。其中8个SNP标记位点至少在3个环境中被检测到。在4个环境下（包括均值环境）均检测到的稳定关联位点有2个：Kukri_c65481_121和tplb0025f09_1052,分别与植株总氮利用效率（total nitrogen use efficiency of plant,TNUE）和根系总氮利用效率（root nitrogen use efficiency,RNUE）显著关联;同时与至少6个性状（生物量及养分效率相关性状）显著关联的SNP标记位点共5个,分别位于1A、1B（3）和2A染色体上;根据小麦基因组注释及LD衰减水平,在同时定位了6个性状的5个SNP位点和2个多环境（4个环境）稳定关联的SNP位点的214 kb的基因组区域中共筛选候选基因84个,根据已知克隆氮效率基因的编码蛋白类型、候选基因功能注释信息及利用植物比较基因组学资源库蛋白序列同源比对分析,筛选到3个候选基因与生物量及氮效率相关。【结论】不同氮素处理显著影响小麦苗期生物量、氮效率相关性状及其相关QTL的表达,大多数SNP位点仅在1个氮素检测环境中被检测到,但也存在环境稳定性较强的位点。生物量及氮效率相关性状之间存在显著相关关系,并在一定程度上受到相同的QTL/基因控制。     

冬瓜首雌花节位遗传分析与基因定位

【目的】对冬瓜首雌花节位基因（FFFN）进行遗传分析和定位，为FFFN基因的克隆奠定基础。【方法】以首雌花节位差异显著的冬瓜高代自交系材料B214 (P₁)和B227 (P₂)及以P₁为母本和P₂为父本构建的F₁（P₁×P₂）、F₂、B₁（F₁×P₁）和B₂（F₁×P₂）遗传群体为材料，采用6世代混合模型分析方法对FFFN进行遗传分析，并利用已构建的高密度SNP遗传图谱进行数量性状位点(QTL)分析。【结果】冬瓜FFFN遗传符合E模型，主要受2对主基因的加性效应及2对主基因的加性互作效应控制，同时受环境影响较大；结合已构建的高密度分子遗传图谱，仅检测到1个与FFFN相关的QTL位点（FFFN2.1），其对数优势比阈值（LOD）为11.7，贡献率为32.1%，位于2号染色体上的Marker 61668-Marker 39179，物理距离为7.64 Mb。通过标记加密将FFFN2.1定位在InDel2和SSR91之间的1.38 Mb范围。候选区间内有28个候选基因（Bhi02M001022～Bhi02M001049），其中11个基因没有功能注释，其他17个注释的功能基因包括生长素反应蛋白（ARF）、逆转录酶、丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白磷酸酶、三角状五肽重复蛋白等。【结论】冬瓜FFFN是多基因控制的数量性状，主效位点FFFN2.1定位在InDel2和SSR91之间，结合功能注释推测Bhi02M001033为候选基因。     

母猪初情期全基因组关联分析和位置候选基因研究

通信作者陈从英,Tel/Fax：0791-83813080;E-mail：chcy75@  hotmail.com【目的】分离影响母猪初情期的主效基因或分子标记。【方法】以白色杜洛克×二花脸资源群体F2代母猪为研究材料,利用Illumina猪60K SNP芯片分别对F0和F1及316头有初情期表型记录的F2代母猪进行基因型判定,通过单标记全基因组关联分析（GWAS）和连锁-连锁不平衡（LDLA）分析检测与母猪初情期显著关联的SNP位点或单倍型。采用标准关联分析、标记辅助关联分析和F值下降检验分析lin-28同源B基因（LIN28B）和跨膜蛋白38B基因（TMEM38B）3个SNP位点与母猪初情期的关联性。【结果】①与母猪初情期关联性最强的SNP为ASGA0032316,位于7号染色体（SSC7）33.07 Mb处RAB23基因内含子中,同时在1、6、12、15和17号染色体也检测到与母猪初情期显著关联的SNP;②达基因组显著水平的单倍型均位于SSC7,其中关联性最强的单倍型位于SSC7的38.39 -38.47 Mb处F1RVR7和ZFAND3基因之间的基因间隔区;③LIN28B和TMEM38B基因的3个SNP与母猪初情期均未达到显著相关（P＞0.05)。【结论】在白色杜洛克×二花脸资源群体中,与母猪初情期关联性最强的SNP位点和单倍型均定位于7号染色体, 1、6、12、15和17号染色体也定位到与母猪初情期显著关联的SNP,LIN28B和TMEM38B基因不是1号染色体QTL区间内的因果基因或需要搜寻更多的SNP进行分析验证。     

小麦5DL上基于SNP序列的新SSR标记的开发

本文旨在利用粗山羊草的物理图谱及其基因组序列数据库开发普通小麦5DL上Xbarc320-Xwmc215区段与SNP紧密连锁的SSR标记(SNP-SSR)。对AT5D4910-AT5D5010之间的90个SNP位点进行了序列延伸和本地Blast,利用SSR Hunter软件查找SNP位点附近的SSR位点,并利用Primer5设计引物。结果共发现109个SSR位点。对其中的72个位点设计引物,得到了47个5DL上Xbarc320-Xwmc215区段的SNP-SSR标记。对新开发的标记,利用22个小麦品种及人工合成小麦材料、中国春缺体四体及DH群体进行了有效性、多态性的检测及染色体定位。结果表明,这些标记均能扩增出稳定清晰的带型,并且均定位与小麦5D染色体上;其中四个标记Xtdc11、Xtdc31、Xtdc38、Xtdc44整合到了豫麦57与花培3号群体的5DL图谱上。     

不同小麦品种的茎秆特性及其抗倒性

【目的】明确影响小麦抗倒性的主要因素,为小麦抗倒性品种选育提供理论依据。【方法】以生产上应用较广泛的邯麦16、邯麦17、济麦22、衡4399和石麦22等5个小麦品种为材料,研究不同小麦品种节间生长特性、茎秆机械强度和倒伏指数的差异。【结果】邯麦17的茎秆机械强度较大（495.6 g）,倒伏指数较小（0.749）,与其他品种差异显著,且其基部节间短粗,节间壁较厚,基部节间的鲜重和干重较多,鲜干密度较大,茎秆质量好,抗倒性好;株高、重心高度、基2节长与倒伏指数呈显著正相关,机械强度、基部节间的鲜重、干重、壁厚呈显著负相关,且第2节壁厚与倒伏指数的相关系数较大（r=－0.901）;基2节壁厚,适当降低株高,提高茎秆机械强度,可以增强植株的抗倒能力。【结论】邯麦17的抗倒性优于其他品种;小麦抗倒性品种选育上应注重选择基2节壁较厚的株系。     

小麦果聚糖合成酶基因6-SFT-A单核苷酸多态性分析及其定位

 【目的】小麦果聚糖合成酶基因6-SFT是果聚糖合成过程中的关键酶基因,研究6-SFT-A的多态性,分析其与小麦苗期抗旱性的关系,并进行遗传定位。【方法】以苗期抗旱性不同的30份六倍体小麦和4份小麦A基因组供体种乌拉尔图小麦为材料,通过直接测序分析6-SFT-A的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）及其与抗旱性的关系;开发基因分子标记,利用RIL群体（偃展1号×内乡188）对该基因进行遗传定位。【结果】在30份六倍体小麦材料中检测到14个核苷酸多态性位点,包括13个SNP和1个InDel,平均234 bp检测到一个多态性位点,仅在1 727和1 781 bp 2个位点检测到非同义突变;在4份乌拉尔图小麦中检测到28个SNP和4个InDel,其频率明显高于普通小麦。该基因的内含子1、2、3和外显子3为变异富集区,其它区域变异较小,外显子2变异最小,π值为0。34份材料分为3种单倍型,HaplⅠ主要包括中等抗旱材料和水敏感材料,Hapl Ⅲ中主要包括强抗旱材料和中等抗旱材料。利用RIL群体将该基因定位于染色体4A的标记Xcwm-27与Xwpt688之间,遗传距离分别为5.3和7.9 cM。【结论】单倍型分析表明,小麦果聚糖合成酶基因6-SFT-A单倍型与小麦苗期抗旱性有一定的相关性。     

火炬松生长和松脂性状相关候选基因的单核苷酸多样性分析

【目的】对火炬松Pinus taeda生长和松脂产量相关功能基因单核苷酸多态性（Single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）位点进行筛选与分析,为分子标记辅助育种提供技术基础。【方法】利用生物信息学对火炬松cDNA文库进行整理、比对、剪接、注释,挑选出与生长素、赤霉素、细胞分裂素及蒎烯合成相关的非重复序列基因（Unigene）作为候选基因片段,利用MEGA5.0和DnaSP4.0软件对火炬松36个单株的8个候选基因片段进行序列比对和分析。【结果】 所测序列总长为5 177 bp,检测到184个SNP位点,平均36.9 bp的基因序列中出现1个SNP位点,其中123个为非同义突变、61个为同义突变SNP位点。核苷酸多态性π_a和θ_w分别为0.020和0.016。对8个候选基因片段内SNP位点进行的连锁不平衡分析显示,随着核苷酸序列长度的延伸,SNP位点的连锁不平衡在基因内部迅速衰退（R²≤0.2）。【结论】在火炬松中,基于候选基因内SNP位点间的连锁不平衡作图是可行的。     

小麦穗长性状基因的发掘与标记开发

【目的】挖掘与利用小麦穗长控制基因,开发与之紧密连锁的KASP标记,为小麦分子标记辅助育种奠定分子基础。【方法】以Avocet为母本、Chilero为父本,构建含有164个家系的F₆ RIL群体,利用55K SNP芯片,结合5个穗长表型环境（2019年河南省孟津县、2019年河南科技大学农场、2019年河南省洛宁县、2020年河南省孟津县、2020年河南科技大学农场）及各环境穗长均值进行数量性状位点(quantitative trait locus,QTL)定位,对定位到的主效QTL开发KASP标记,并在130份小麦自然群体中进行验证。【结果】共定位到11个控制穗长性状的QTL位点,有7个主效QTL,分别为QSl.haust-2AL、QSl.haust-2DS、QSl.haust-5AL1、QSl.haust-5DL、QSl.haust-7BL、QSl.haust-2AS和QSl.haust-4DL,表型贡献率为4.22%~30.94%,其中QSl.haust-5AL1在3个环境中表现稳定且为主效QTL,其表型贡献率为4.22%~19.10%;另有4个微效QTL位点,分别为QSl.haust-2BL、QSl.haust-3AL、QSl.haust-3DS和QSl.haust-5AL2,表型贡献率为4.70%~7.55%。依据控制穗长的主效QTL位点QSl.haust-5AL1和QSl.haust-7BL的侧翼标记,开发了相应的KASP分子标记KASP-QSl.haust-5AL1和KASP-QSl.haust-7BL1,在130份小麦自然群体中检测验证,其中KASP-QSl.haust-5AL1标记筛选出的2种基因型,穗长分别为10.93和10.17 cm,经t检验,P值为0.045,差异显著;KASP-QSl.haust-7BL1标记筛选出的2种基因型,穗长分别为10.90和10.26 cm,经t检验,P值为0.048,差异显著。【结论】挖掘的控制小麦穗长的主效QTL和开发的KASP分子标记,可以用于该性状的基因克隆与分子标记辅助育种。     

小麦籽粒镉元素含量全基因组关联分析及候选基因预测

以国内外207份小麦种质为材料，利用660K SNP芯片对其进行基因型检测，并结合不同环境下表型数据和最佳线性无偏预测值 (BLUP，Best linear unbiased prediction) 对小麦籽粒镉元素含量进行全基因组关联分析。结果表明：与小麦籽粒镉元素含量显著关联的SNP 310个，这些SNP分布于除3D和4D外的19条染色体上，单个SNP解释变异率为10.95%～14.66%。不同环境下检测到的关联SNP结果存在差异，其中在原阳地区检测到186个SNP，开封地区检测到71个SNP。基于BLUP值分析获得53个SNP。基于SNP物理位置，将距离较近的SNP进行整合，共获得有效QTL位点52个。同时发现了7个在多环境下表现稳定的SNP，并对其进行单标记效应分析。最后对基于获得的关联SNP进行了候选基因预测，共获得7个与小麦籽粒镉元素含量相关的候选基因，其中 TraesCS1B01G321700和TraesCS1B01G320200可能与镉元素调控相关基因转录有关，而TraesCS7B01G459000和TraesCS7B01G456900可能与镉元素的吸收和转运等代谢过程有关。还筛选出了对镉具有良好避性的部分小麦优异种质，如‘云麦51’‘郑麦379’‘白穗白’‘云麦53’‘双丰收’。     

新疆冬小麦品种资源主要产量性状全基因组关联分析

【目的】高产是小麦育种的永恒主题,利用全基因组关联分析发掘控制小麦产量性状的QTL区段及优异基因,为小麦分子标记辅助选择育种提供理论依据和标记信息。【方法】以新疆本地188个冬小麦品种资源为材料,利用小麦55K SNP芯片进行全基因组扫描,通过对6个不同环境下的株高、穗长、小穗数、可育小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、粒长、粒宽、籽粒长/宽比9个产量相关性状进行表型鉴定,利用6个环境下各性状数据及最佳线性无偏预测（BLUP）数据,基于混合线性模型（MLM）对表型和基因型进行全基因组关联分析。【结果】经主成分分析,将188个材料分为地方品种和育成品种2个亚群;利用6个环境下各性状数据,9个性状共检测到1 309个显著性SNP标记,其中,每个显著性SNP位点可解释7.259%—70.792%的表型变异。利用BLUP数据,9个性状共检测到66个显著性位点,同时与2个性状关联的共有SNP位点有5个,贡献率波动范围为8.498%—21.877%。将同时与2个性状或2个以上环境关联到的重复位点作为稳定的显著性关联位点,9个性状共检测到38个稳定关联位点,包括株高重复位点5个,穗长重复位点10个,小穗数重复位...     

小麦抗倒性评价方法的比较分析

为寻找简便快捷的小麦品种抗倒性鉴定方法,以48个国家冬小麦黄淮南片水地组区域试验小麦新品系为试验材料,通过对小麦品系茎秆等特性的调查分析,结合多试点抗倒性验证,比较4种倒伏指数法在小麦品种抗倒性鉴定评价中的效果。相关性及主成分分析结果表明,倒伏与株高、基部茎节特性等密切相关。其中,倒伏与第1至第3节茎秆长度、株高、重心高度呈极显著正相关,与第2节茎秆的径长比、基部茎秆弹性呈极显著负相关,表明株高越矮,基部节间越短,特别是第2茎节短且粗,茎秆基部弹性越强,小麦品种抗倒性越好。4种倒伏指数均与第2、3茎节长度呈极显著正相关,与第2茎节机械强度呈极显著负相关,且分别与其他茎秆等特性呈显著或极显著相关,表明第2、3茎节长度和第2茎节的机械强度是上述4种倒伏指数法鉴定小麦品种抗倒性的共性基础,同时各倒伏指数又有其特定的关联性状。4种倒伏指数均可有效鉴定小麦品种抗倒性,但从便利性及相关性密切程度方面比较,倒伏指数2和倒伏指数3鉴定的评价效果更好。     

根倒伏小麦抗倒性评价方法研究

以抗倒性不同的11个高产小麦品种（系）为材料,通过力学分析和根量测定,提出了小麦根倒伏的“品种倒伏系数”概念,经应用于品种抗倒性评价,证明“品种倒伏系数”综合考虑了植株的高度,重量,茎秆机械强度和根量等因素的影响,能客观,准确地评价品种抗倒性,通径分析结果表明,茎秆机械强度和根量与品种缺到性关系最为密切。     

实秆小麦86-741遗传背景的SSR标记分析

川86-741,是采用CIMMYT小黑麦与小麦杂交培育出的高穗整齐度、实心矮秆种质。以四川地方品种中国春(CS)和育成普通小麦品种川麦47为对照,选用小麦A,B和D基因组的166个SSR标记,对实秆材料86-741的遗传背景进行了比较分析,共检测到264个等位变异,每对引物可检测到1~3个,平均1.59个;小麦遗传材料86-741与中国春在66个位点(39.76%)上存在差异;与川麦47在58个位点(34.94%)上存在差异。     

Genetic progress in stem lodging resistance of the dominant wheat cultivars adapted to Yellow-Huai River Valleys Winter Wheat Zone in China since 1964

Analysis of genetic progress for lodging-related traits provides important information for further improvement of lodging resistance. Forty winter wheat cultivars widely grown in the Yellow-Huai River Valleys Winter Wheat Zone(YHWZ) of China during the period of 1964–2015 were evaluated for several lodging-related traits in three cropping seasons. Plant height, height at center of gravity, length of the basal second internode, and lodging index decreased significantly in this period, and the average annual genetic gains for these traits were –0.50 cm or –0.62%, –0.27 cm or –0.60%, –0.06 cm or –0.63%, and –0.01 or –0.94%, respectively. Different from other traits, stem strength showed a significant increasing trend with the breeding period, and the annual genetic gains were 0.03 N or 0.05%. Correlation analysis showed that lodging index was positively correlated with plant height, height at center of gravity, and length of the basal second internode, but negatively correlated with stem strength. Meanwhile, significantly positive correlations were observed between plant height, height at center of gravity, and length of the basal first and second internodes. By comparison with the wild types, dwarfing genes had significant effects on all lodging-related traits studied except for length of the basal first internode and stem strength. Principle component analysis demonstrated that plant height and stem strength were the most important factors influencing lodging resistance. Clustering analysis based on the first two principle components further indicated the targets of wheat lodging-resistant breeding have changed from reducing plant height to strengthening stem strength over the breeding periods. This study indicates that the increase of stem strength is vital to improve lodging resistance in this region under the high-yielding condition when plant height is in an optimal range.     

Lodging resistance and yield potential of winter wheat: effect of planting density and genotype

Improved lodging resistance is important for achieving high yield in irrigated environments. This study was conducted to determine genotypic variation in lodging resistance and related morphological traits among winter wheat cultivars planted at two densities, and to identify key traits associated with lodging resistance. Lodging performance of 28 genotypes, including 24 released cultivars and four advanced lines, was evaluated at 250 plants per square meter and 500 plants per square meter in Shandong province during the 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 crop seasons. At the higher density, the average grain yield was 2.6% higher, even though lodging score rose by as much as 136%. The higher planting density increased lodging through increased leaf area index (LAI), plant height, center of gravity and length of basal internodes, and reduced grain weight per spike and diameter of the lower two stem internodes. LAI, center of gravity and diameter of first internodes, as the important indicators for lodging resistance, were significantly correlated with lodging score, with R= 0.62, 0.59 and −0.52 (P<0.01), respectively. Plant pushing resistance was significantly associated with diameter and length of the first internodes (R = 0.71–0.77, P<0.01), indicating it could be used to assess the strength of the lower stem. Higher planting density could be used to select genotypes with lodging resistance in irrigated environments. Cultivars carrying high plant density tolerance and high yield potential, such as Jimai 22 and Liangxing 66, were recommended as leading cultivars for production as well as elite crossing parents for further increasing yield potential in the Yellow and Huai Valleys Winter Wheat Zone in China.     

Characteristics of lodging resistance of high-yield winter wheat as affected by nitrogen rate and irrigation managements

High yields of wheat are mainly obtained through a high level of nitrogen and irrigation supplementation. However, excessive nitrogen and irrigation supplication increase the risk of lodging. The main objectives of this work were to clarify the capacity of lodging resistance of wheat in response to nitrogen and irrigation, as well as to explore the effective ways of improving lodging resistance in a high-yield wheat cultivar. In this study, field experiments were conducted in the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 growing seasons. A wheat cultivar Jimai 22 (JM22), which is widely planted in the northern of Huang-Huai winter wheat region, was grown at Tai'an, Shandong Province, under three nitrogen rates and four irrigation treatments. The lodging risk was increased with increased nitrogen rate, as indicated by increasing lodging index (LI) and lodging rate across both growing seasons. With nitrogen increasing, the plant height, the basal internode length and the center of gravity height, which were positively correlated with LI, increased significantly. While the density of the basal 2nd internode (for culm and leaf sheath) and cell wall component contents, which were negatively correlated with LI, decreased conspicuous along with nitrogen increased. Increasing irrigation supplementation increased the 2nd internode culm wall thickness, breaking strength and leaf sheath density within limits which increased stem strength. Among the treatments, nitrogen application at a rate of 240 kg ha^–1 and irrigation application at 600 m³ ha^–1 at both the jointing and anthesis stages resulted in the highest yield and strongest stem. A suitable plant height ensures sufficient biomass for high yield, and higher stem stiffness, which was primarily attributed to thicker culm wall, greater density of the culm and leaf sheaths and higher cell wall component contents are the characteristics that should be taken into account to improving wheat lodging resistance.     

夏玉米根茎主要性状与倒伏性的关系研究

选取20个代表性的夏玉米品种,研究了根茎主要性状与倒伏性的关系。结果表明,夏玉米倒伏性与种植密度、茎秆拉力、茎秆穿刺力、茎粗和气生根层数具有显著或极显著相关性;密度、茎粗和穿刺力是影响茎秆倒伏的直接因素,可以作为衡量玉米倒伏的指标。     

矮壮素滴施量对滴灌冬小麦茎秆特征及其抗倒伏性的影响

[目的]分析矮壮素滴施量对滴灌冬小麦茎秆特征及其抗倒伏性的影响,研究滴灌冬小麦抗倒伏的矮壮素最佳滴施量,为新疆滴灌小麦抗倒伏及其调控措施提供理论依据.[方法]于2018～2019年在大田滴灌条件下,设置5个不同矮壮素滴施量,分别为0 mL/hm2(D0)、1500 mL/hm2(D1)、3000 mL/hm2(D2)、...     

小麦发育后期茎秆抗倒伏性模型研究

为了解决高产小麦发育后期"茎倒"这一问题,首先研究小麦发育后期的抗倒伏性能,针对不同品种小麦茎秆性状得出其抗倒伏指数公式,对于缺失数据,利用杠杆原理对小麦茎秆分割求和,将数据补充完整。其次,采用灰色系统相关性理论,对原始数据进行无量纲化处理,得出小麦抗倒伏指数与茎秆性状之间的相关性。最后,考虑小麦在麦穗自重和风载作用下应力时,引用惯性矩、抗弯刚度等力学相关理论建立小麦抗倒伏的力学模型,以2007年数据为例,求得各品种小麦腊熟期的抗倒伏风速,验证所建模型的合理性。     

Late sowing enhances lodging resistance of wheat plants by improving the biosynthesis and accumulation of lignin and cellulose

Delayed sowing mitigates lodging in wheat. However, the mechanism underlying the enhanced lodging resistance in wheat has yet to be fully elucidated. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of sowing date on lignin and cellulose metabolism, stem morphological characteristics, lodging resistance, and grain yield. Seeds of Tainong 18, a winter wheat variety, were sown on October 8 (normal sowing) and October 22 (late sowing) during both of the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 growing seasons. The results showed that late sowing enhanced the lodging resistance of wheat by improving the biosynthesis and accumulation of lignin and cellulose. Under late sowing, the expression levels of key genes (TaPAL, TaCCR, TaCOMT, TaCAD, and TaCesA1, 3, 4, 7, and 8) and enzyme activities (TaPAL and TaCAD) related to lignin and cellulose biosynthesis peaked 4–12 days earlier, and except for the TaPAL, TaCCR, and TaCesA1 genes and TaPAL, in most cases they were significantly higher than under normal sowing. As a result, lignin and cellulose accumulated quickly during the stem elongation stage. The mean and maximum accumulation rates of lignin and cellulose increased, the maximum accumulation contents of lignin and cellulose were higher, and the cellulose accumulation duration was prolonged. Consequently, the lignin/cellulose ratio and lignin content were increased from 0 day and the cellulose content was increased from 11 days after jointing onward. Our main finding is that the improved biosynthesis and accumulation of lignin and cellulose were responsible for increasing the stem-filling degree, breaking strength, and lodging resistance. The major functional genes enhancing lodging resistance in wheat that are induced by delayed sowing need to be determined.