Identification of SSR Marker Linked to a Major Dwarfing Gene in Common Wheat

A segregating population with 410 F 2 individuals from the cross MERCIA(Rht-B1a) ×Dwarf 123 was made to identify a new major dwarfing gene carrying by novel wheat germplasm Dwarf 123.Combination of bulk segerant analysis method was used.A total of 145 SSR markers were tested for polymorphisms among parental lines and DNA bulks of F 2 population.Out of 145 primer pairs only three markers revealed corresponding polymorphism among parental lines and F 2 DNA bulks.The marker Barc20 was close to the dwarfing gene with a genetic distance of 1.8 cM,and markers Gwm513 and Gwm495 were linked to the gene with genetic distance of 6.7 and 13 cM,respectively.Linkage analysis mapped the dwarfing gene to the long arm of chromosome 4B with the order of Barc20-dwarfing gene-Gwm513-Gwm495.The Comparision between the new gene and the known Rht-B1 alleles showed that dwarfing gene Rht-Ai123 was different from the others.The identification of the new dwarfing gene and its linked markers will greatly facilitate its utilization in wheat high yield breeding for reducing plant height.     

Inheritance of Powdery Mildew Resistance in Cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） and Development of an AFLP Marker for Resistance Detection

Cucumber powdery mildew is one of the most destructive diseases of cucumber throughout the world. In the present study, inheritance of powdery mildew resistance in three crosses, and linkage of resistance with amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） markers are studied to formulate efficient strategies for breeding cultivars resistant to powdery mildew. The joint analysis of multiple generations and AFLP technique has been applied in this study. The best model is the one with two major genes, additive, dominant, and epistatic effects, plus polygenes with additive, dominant, and epistatic effects （E-l-0 model）. The heritabilities of the major genes varied from 64.26% to 97.82%, and susceptibility was incompletely dominant for the two major genes in the three crosses studied. The additive effects of the two major genes and the dominant effect of the second major gene were high, and the epistatic effect of the additive-dominant between the two major genes was the highest in cross I . In cross II, the absolute value of the additive effect, dominant effect, and potential ratio of the first major gene were far higher than those of the second major gene, and the epistatic effect of the additive-additive was the highest. The genetic parameters of the two major genes in cross III were similar to those in cross II. Correlation and regression analyses showed that marker E25/M63-103 was linked to a susceptible gene controlling powdery mildew resistance. The marker could account for 19.98% of the phenotypic variation. When the marker was tested on a diverse set of 29 cucumber lines, the correlation between phenotype and genotype was not significant, which suggested cultivar specialty of gene expression or different methods of resistance to powdery mildew. The target DNA fragment was 103 bp in length, and only a small part was found to be homologous to DNA in the other species evaluated, which indicated that it was unique to the cucumber genome.     

Rapid and Sensitive Identification of Horse and Donkey Meat in Iraqi Markets Using SSR and PCR-RFLP Based on Mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome B Gene

This study was carried out at the Genetic Engineering Lab, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah. DNA was extracted from samples containing meat of commercial products in the Basrah markets. The products subjected to analysis using polymerase chain reaction （PCR） with species specific repeat （SSR） and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP） techniques based on the sequence of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene （mtDNA cyt b gene）. Then digestion with the Alu l restriction enzyme to establish a differential diagnosis detects and discriminates between meat species and adulteration in the products. SSR primers were applied, has been detected amplification of the encoded gene product, generated 221 bp in some imported minced and canned meat samples. The results show that SSR analysis produced a pattern that allowed a direct identification of horse and donkey meats in some imported minced and canned meat samples （Hana, Monde and Bavaria）. The amplified 359 bp gene of mtDNA cyt b gene from samples in different product was cut using Alu 1 restriction enzyme resulting in restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP）. Alu 1 was used to distinguish between the animals meat that belong to the family or one species. The digestion of the PCR product showed differences between products. Where the fragment length generated were 74, 76 and 189 bp. It belonged to horse meat. The fraud was detected in Hana, Monde and Bavaria products available in Basrah markets showing the presence of horse meat in these products that labeled as beef meats 100%. This revealed mtDNA cyt b gene as highly conserved and consequently a good molecular marker for diagnostic studies. Thus, this technique can be applied to food authentication for the identification of different species of animals in food products.     

Development of a Vehicle-Mounted Crop Detection System

In order to monitor plant chlorophyll content in real-time, a new vehicle-mounted detection system was developed to measure crop canopy spectral characteristics. It was designed to work as a wireless sensor network with one control unit and one measuring unit. The control unit included a personal digital assistant （PDA） device with a ZigBee wireless network coordinator. As the coordinator of the whole wireless network, the control unit was used to receive, display and store all the data sent from sensor nodes. The measuring unit consisted of several optical sensor nodes. All the sensor nodes were mounted on an on-board mechanical structure so that the measuring unit could collect the canopy spectral data while moving. Each sensor node contained four optical channels to measure the light radiation at the wavebands of 550, 650, 766, and 850 nm. The calibration tests veriifed a good performance in terms of the wireless transmission ability and the sensor measurement precision. Both stationary and moving ifeld experiments were also conducted in a winter wheat experimental ifeld. There was a high correlation between chlorophyll content and vegetation index, and several estimation models of the chlorophyll content were established. The highest R2 of the estimation models was 0.718. The results showed that the vehicle-mounted crop detection system has potential for ifeld application.     

Identification of Molecular Markers Linked to the Wilt Resistance Gene FuJ7（t） in Flax

A cross between wilt resistant flax variety Jinya7 and susceptible variety Jinyal was made for mapping wilt resistance gene(s). The inoculation test of F1 and F2 progeny proved that the resistance of Jinya7 to wilt is controlled by two dominant genes. With 48 EcoRⅠ /MseⅠ primer combinations, amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) analysis was performed on two parents and their F2 resistance and susceptibility bulks. A total of about 3 300 distinguishable bands were amplified, of which three bands had stable differences. The genetic linkage analysis of the three polymorphic DNA fragments with the resistance gene(s) was made in the F2 segregating population derived from the cross between Jinya7 and Jinyal. The DNA fragment AG/CAG was found closely linked to one of the wilt-resistant genes, which with a genetic distance of 5.2cm, was tentatively named FuJ7(t). The cloned fragment AG/CAG was sequenced and then converted successfully to a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker, which can be used more conveniently in the identification and marker-assisted selection for the wilt resistance gene FuJ7(t) to flax wilt.     

Modeling and Analysis of Mechanization Projects of Wheat Production by GERT Networks

In crop production systems,all operations such as seed bed preparation,etc.,must be accomplished on time,if yield reduction and low quality product are to be avoided.Therefore all operations in mechanized cropping projects require precise scheduling,planning and management.The basic approach in all scheduling techniques is to form a network of activities and events relationships that graphically portrays the sequential relations between the tasks in a project.Such a network would as a powerful tool available a farm manager to plan,schedule,monitor and control a project.Since GERT（Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique） networks have most of advantages associated with networks and available system analyst in exact evaluation of certain types of networks,in this research it was used and mechanized wheat production system was simulated,modeled and analyzed.Critical activities,events and path were determined.Results showed that the network model was able to answer any statistic questions concerning with the project.Network models,particularly GERT networks are increasingly powerful tool for modeling,scheduling,planning,controlling,and analyzing of agricultural mechanization projects.     

Design and Implementation of Visual Dynamic Display Software of Gene Expression Based on GTK

The paper presented an implement method for a dynamic gene expression display software based on the GTK. This method established the dynamic presentation system of gene expression which according to gene expression data from gene chip hybridize at different time, adopted a linearity combination model and Pearson correlation coefficient algorithm. The system described the gene expression changes in graphic form, the gene expression changes with time and the changes in characteristics of the gene expression, also the changes in relations of the gene expression and regulation relationships among genes. The system also provided an integrated platform for analysis on gene chips data, especially for the research on the network ofgene regulation.     

Molecular Characterization of a Triticum durum-Haynaldia villosa Amphiploid and Its Derivatives for Resistance to Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici

Take-all is a serious disease found in wheat across the world. Haynaldia villosa is considered to be resistant to take-all at a high level. TH3 was an amphiploid （2n =42, AABBVV） between Triticum durum and Haynaldia viUosa with significant resistance to take-all fungus isolated from China. In greenhouse experiment, the derivatives of the hybrid between wheat and TH3 showed better resistance to take-all than that of the wheat control. One of the derivatives named HW918-5 was selected for further analysis. Cytological and genomic in situ hybridization （GISH） analysis indicated that a monotelosome originated from H. villosa existed in the genome of the offspring of the line HW918-5. The monotelosome with promising resistant gene for take-all was located on the 3V chromosome of H. villosa in the further PCR-based molecular analysis.     

Comparison of Two Real-time PCR Technigues for Quantification of GMO Contents in Highly Processed Products of Soybean

The RR soybean was quantitatively detected by ABI Prism 7300 sequence detector with PCR primers and fluorescence probes were designed according to the sequences of endogenous Lectin gene and exogenous CP4-EPSPS gene, and the PCR systems were based on SYBR GreenΙand TaqMan. The standard curve of °Ct between CP4-EPSPS gene and Lectin gene of the RR soybean in standard materials was generated and a linear regression equation was obtained. Quantification methods were optimized through two different real-time PCR chemistries, i.e. SYBR GreenΙand TaqMan, and the RR soybean contents were quantified in five standard samples and seven highly processed products by the two assays. Both methods are proved to be specific, highly sensitive and reliable for both identification and quantification of soybean DNA. The results indicate that the two optimized PCR system can be used for the practical quantitative detection of RR soybean in highly processed products.     

运用布尔网络模型和贝叶斯网络模型推测基因调控网络的比较研究

基因调控网络的研究从基因之间相互作用的角度揭示复杂的生命现象,是功能基因组学研究的重要内容,也是当前生物信息学研究的前沿。布尔网络模型和贝叶斯网络模型都是研究基因调控网络的有力工具。本文分别采用布尔网络模型和贝叶斯网络模式推测基因调控网络,实验结果显示布尔网络推测出了7条正确的调控关系,而贝叶斯网络仅推测出5条正确的调控关系,在本实验中推测基因之间的调控关系正确数布尔网络模型优于贝叶斯网络模型。     

基于基因调控网络对鸡胚皮肤发育的枢纽基因和关键通路分析

为挖掘脊椎动物胚胎发育过程中皮肤调控模式的改变，以鸡胚作为模型，利用来源于NCBI数据库的SRA数据子库中胚胎发育第6~21天的皮肤组织RNA-Seq数据进行聚类分析，在基因共表达网络、信号通路、蛋白互作网路3个层面基于网络拓扑属性逐步挖掘核心基因集，并分析核心基因集在不同发育阶段的互作网络变化。结果表明:1)鸡胚皮肤发育过程在基因谱水平上可分成5个阶段，分别为6~9 d、10~12 d、13~14 d、15~17 d和18~21 d；2)功能富集分析表明发育早期的皮肤分化程度低、可塑性强，中期是皮肤毛囊发育关键期，最后4 d为皮肤细胞外基质建立期，分子发育过程存在严格的顺序模式；3)在基因调控网络层面深度挖掘并筛选鸡胚皮肤发育的分子调控过程。综上，本研究根据网路拓扑属性结合蛋白互作数据库提出参与不同发育模块的关键枢纽基因，为转录组测序数据的分析及脊椎动物皮肤发育过程的分子机制研究提供一些新的视角和分析方法。     

小鼠黑色素瘤功能异常CD8~+T细胞基因调控网络构建与分析

疾病是全球范围内危害畜禽健康的主要问题,解析免疫系统调控相关基因成为当前抗病分子育种的研究热点。为研究小鼠黑色素瘤模型功能异常CD8~+T细胞对免疫抗体处理的应答机制,通过基因调控网络方法筛选功能异常CD8~+T细胞在Ig G和PD1抗体处理的特定基因、转录因子和细胞表面受体。结果发现对照组、PD1抗体与Ig G抗体处理组分别有28、17、33个特定表达基因。与对照组相比,Ig G和PD1处理组有2个转录因子Zfx、Zfhx3关闭表达,PD1处理组细胞表面受体Raet1b表达。Raet1b基因的表达可能使小鼠黑色素瘤功能异常CD8~+T细胞恢复功能,结果为抗病育种的相关基因研究提供理论基础。     

贝叶斯网络的参数学习研究

贝叶斯网络是数据采掘的一个非常有效的工具,它能够定性和定量地分析属性之间的依赖关系,进行概率推理。在给出贝叶斯网络相关概念后,讨论了贝叶斯网络在离散型、连续型和混合型3种情况下的参数学习计算公式;利用给定样本数据,对具有完整数据和不具有完整数据的贝叶斯网络,学习网络参数,更新网络变量原有的先验分布;从理论上给出两种不同类型下的参数学习公式。     

猪转录因子SOX2下游调控蛋白筛选及调控网络建立

SOX2是早期胚胎发育与干细胞多能性维持相关的重要转录因子。从猪孤雌囊胚中克隆获得猪SOX2基因并构建对应过表达体系。通过猪pEF细胞系与PK15细胞系中过表达SOX2基因及qPCR技术,检测89个下游调控候选基因表达情况,建立猪SOX2下游调控网络。结果发现,GATA4、MSC、GSC、FGF4、STELLA、ACACA、FN1、KLF4以及MEK基因在pEF细胞系与PK15细胞系间呈差异性调控表达。BMP4、FGFR2、ACAA2、ACSL3、β-CATENIN、c-MYC、MYST3、GSK3β、ALDH3A2、STAT3、SMAD2、KDM6A、ACADL、PI3K与WDR3基因在两种细胞系中呈同趋势性调控表达;经JASPAR数据库预测发现,WDR3、β-CATENIN、ACAA2、KDM6A、STAT3、ACADL、GSK3β与ALDH3A2基因启动子区域存在高相关性的SOX2蛋白结合位点,推测这些基因受SOX2蛋白直接调控;同时构建针对猪SOX2基因的高效敲除体系。研究结果为建立物种特异性的猪SOX2调控网络提供数据基础。     

图书馆政府信息公开网络平台的功能设计与研究

图书馆政府信息公开查阅服务实施过程中,结合用户需求,建设图书馆特色的政府信息公开网络平台是急需开展的工作。从网络平台的功能设计这一角度对网站的建设进行了探讨。网站系统功能架构拟由面向用户浏览、查询的前台模块和面向网站维护工作人员的后台管理两大部分组成;系统拟划分政府信息查阅指南、政府信息查阅目录、检索、热点和最新政府信息、有用链接等模块。     

昆虫携带花粉网络的构建及其与植物-传粉者互作网络的关系

昆虫的访问不等同于授粉,了解植物与传粉者之间的真实相互作用关系是构建传粉网络的关键步骤。本文阐述了昆虫携带花粉网络构建的关键因素和方法,分析了昆虫携带花粉网络和植物-传粉者互作网络的利弊以及它们的关系,以期两种网络可以相互补充。从而可以更好地了解植物传粉者相互作用关系以及群落物种多样性的形成和维持机制。     

路由器组网与网络绑定协议

一个办公室或者一个小型场所，可以由一个路由器来组建一个小型网络。路由器组建网络可以由因特网服务供应商提供的一条进户线，作为路由器的WAN或者LAN的进户线，组建路由器网络的小型场所的小型网络。网络连接由拨号软件以厦软件绑定网络通讯协议所组成，不同的网络类型绑定不同的网络通讯协议。     

A general mechanism for network-dosage compensation in gene circuits

Coping with variations in network dosage is crucial for maintaining optimal function in gene networks. We explored how network structure facilitates network-level dosage compensation. By using the yeast galactose network as a model, we combinatorially deleted one of the two copies of its four regulatory genes and found that network activity was robust to the change in network dosage. A mathematical analysis revealed that a two-component genetic circuit with elements of opposite regulatory activity (activator and inhibitor) constitutes a minimal requirement for network-dosage invariance. Specific interaction topologies and a one-to-one interaction stoichiometry between the activating and inhibiting agents were additional essential elements facilitating dosage invariance. This mechanism of network-dosage invariance could represent a general design for gene network structure in cells.     

动态访问控制列表在企业网中的实现

动态访问控制列表可以根据用户认证过程来创建特定的、临时的访问控制列表,是对传统访问控制列表的一种功能增强,能提供更好的安全性。基于一个企业网络,设计模拟拓扑图,给出路由器、服务器等的接口设置、IP地址分配以及配置命令,对使用动态访问控制列表前后的结果进行测试和对比分析,并在实际的网络设备上进行了实验验证。