肉鹅:一个黄金产业

鹅是一种以吃青饲料为主的大型水禽。鹅肉作为健康食品正越来越受到人们喜爱，其价格也较好。在广州市场，目前活鹅的批发价格为7．2～8元／千克。高时达9元／千克左右。而且颇为俏销。鹅肉营养价值高。据分析，其蛋白质含量为22．3％(鸭肉为21．4％，鸡肉为20．6％，猪肉仅为14．8％)，赖氨酸含量比鸡肉的高30％；鹅肉脂肪含量较低，仅11％左右(瘦肉型猪的脂肪含量为28．8％左右，瘦羊肉的脂肪含量也在13％左右)，且多为有益健康的不饱和脂肪酸。鹅肉胆固醇含量低。消费者不用怕因吃鹅肉而引发心脑血管疾病。     

我国养鹅业发展前景广阔

我国是世界上第一水禽生产大国。目前鹅存栏量、屠宰量、鹅肉产量、鹅蛋产量等均占世界首位。2005年，我国的鹅存栏量为2．7亿只，占世界鹅总存栏量的88．7％；我国的鹅屠宰量为5，4亿只，占世界鹅总屠宰量的93％；我国的鹅肉总产量为217．3万吨，占世界鹅肉总产量的93．2％。     

不同土壤条件下越橘根系活力和菌根侵染率比较研究

在土壤中加入不同有机物料，研究其对越橘根系活力和菌根侵染率的影响。盆栽试验结果表明：苔藓 草炭处理的植株根系活力最高，比对照提高82．6％；原土对照处理菌根侵染率最高，为38．40％。露地试验结果表明：加入苔藓的处理菌根侵染率最高，比对照提高了122．2％，加入锯末、苔藓和草炭的复合处理菌根侵染率较高，分别比对照提高106．3％和65．1％；加入苔藓和草炭的复合处理及加入苔藓的处理，植株根系活力较高．分别比对照提高了46．7％和23．0％。     

甜菜抗丛根病新品种内甜抗202的选育

内甜抗202（原名内101）是多胚型二倍体抗丛根病杂交种。父母本按1：3比例自然杂交而成。该品种在内蒙古自治区甜菜品种抗病区域试验中。平均块根产量40954．5kg／hm^2．比对照品种甜研303提高81．07％；含糖率16.38％。比对照品种提高2．05度；产糖量6729kg／hm^2，比对照品种提高109．4％，丛根病病情指数0．13，比对照品种降低0．22。在内蒙古自治区甜菜品种普通组生产试验中．块根产量和产糖量分别比对照提高48．71％和47．81％。含糖率比对照降低0．10度；该品种达到丰产型品种标准。在内蒙古自治区甜菜品种抗病组生产试验中，块根产量、含糖率、产糖量分刺比对照提高156％、1．39度、181．25％，丛根病病情指数比对照降低0.48．达到丰产、抗丛根病型品种标准。     

种子包衣处理技术在花生上的效应分析

试验结果表明，花生种子包衣处理能有效地防治花生苗期病虫害，死苗率比对照（不包衣）降低７７．８％～１００％，缺穴率降低６９．９％～１００％；出苗比对照推迟１～２天，出苗率比对照提高２．５％～３３．７％。花生种子包衣处理还能明显地促进花生生长，提高花生产量，其百株鲜重和根重分别比对照增加７．２％～５４．４％和９．０％～４８．３％，产量增加７．２％～３２．９％。     

积极发展种草养鹅促进闽东经济发展

一、养鹅综合效益好首先，鹅产品符合当今人们的饮食时尚。据分析．鹅肉的营养非常丰富，其蛋白质含量为22．3％（鸭21．4％、鸡20．6％、猪14．8％）．比牛肉羊肉高得多。其氨基酸含量也高于鸡肉。鹅肉中的脂肪含量也仅为11％，比鸡、鸭、猪肉都低，且多为有益健康的不饱和脂肪酸。鹅产品中的鹅肥肝含有卵磷脂、DNA、RNA等多种营养物质．为高血压、心血管病等不敢吃动物脂肪的人带来了福音。     

河套地区甜菜新品种生产试验

选用国内外5个甜菜新品种，以甜研309作对照，进行新品种生产试验。结果表明：参试的5个新品种，产量较对照增产17．1％-51．2％；舍糖率较对照低0．30～2．02个百分点；产糖量较对照高8．6％～32．5％。其中农大甜研4号为丰产型品种．适宜大面积推广；KWS9145、KWS5145采取增糖措施，提高其舍糖率，可作为搭配品种使用。     

中草药防治奶牛胎衣不下研究

胎衣不下是奶牛常患的产科病。作者根据中兽医药学的理论，研制了中草药制剂“祛衣散”和“祛衣灵”。试验表明：奶牛服用祛衣散后１２小时衣排出率为９０．４％，而未服药对照奶牛胎衣排出率仅为７８．３％，服药处理较对照疗效提高１２．１％；服药处理３个情期发情配种有效率为９３．２％，受胎率为９１．７％，对照３个情期发情配种有效率为８８０．４６％，受胎率为８１．４０％，服药处理比 分别提高１２．７４％和１０．３％     

养金鹅 奔小康

鹅是草食性家禽．其脂肪及胆固醇含量较鸡、鸭及猪肉低，被世界经济发达国家和地区视为美味食品和健康食品，市场前景看好。目前鹅肉的国内外市场需求处于供不应求的状况．我国对鹅的年需求量在9亿-10亿只，而全国的饲养量仅有7亿只左右。在肉类市场消费份额中，鹅肉已经从10年前的1％上升到5％．今后鹅肉市场份额仍将呈上升趋势。在国际市场上．鹅的需求量也明显呈增长趋势。四季鹅商品鹅因为屠宰率高、羽绒产量高、肉质好．售价比其他一些品种鹅价格要高。养殖四季鹅，是农户发家致富的好项目之一。     

低浓度外源激素对兔眼蓝莓扦插繁殖的影响

对4个兔眼蓝莓品种半木质化枝条分别进行了4种外源激素（NAA、IAA、GGR、OA）不同浓度（100、50、25mg／L）处理后的扦插试验。结果表明：清水处理的兔眼蓝莓品种间插条愈伤组织产生率和生根率为园蓝最容易扦插成活，杰兔次之，粉蓝和S13较难扦插成活。不同激素处理中，浓度为50mg／L的GGR激素处理有利于粉蓝插条的成活和生根，其插条愈伤组织产生率和生根率分别比对照提高42．5和33．33个百分点；浓度为50mg／L的GGR处理对园蓝插条愈伤组织产生率和生根率最佳；100mg／L的GGR激素处理有利于品种杰兔插条的成活和生根，其插条愈伤组织产生率和生根率分别比对照提高10．83和7．5个百分点。25mg／L的GA有利于品种S13插条的成活，其愈伤组织产生率比对照提高36．66％，但是插条扦插生根率仅比对照提高10％；100mg／L的GGR对品种S13插条产生愈伤组织没有效果，其插条愈伤组织产生率与对照无显著差异，但是有利于插条生根，其插条扦插生根率比对照提高21．66个百分点。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。     

锌对镉·汞复合污染下豌豆幼苗生长的影响

以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。