大鳞鲃性腺发育组织学观察

采用石蜡组织切片法,对苏北地区养殖大鳞鲃的性腺发育进行组织学研究,系统地描述了各期精巢和卵巢的形态结构、特征及变化。结果表明:大鳞鲃精巢和卵巢发育均分为6个时期。6月龄性腺开始出现分化,卵巢和精巢发育在时间上基本是一致的,第Ⅰ期都是最早出现在9月龄,第Ⅱ期出现在第12~18月龄,第Ⅲ期出现在第22~24月龄,第Ⅳ期都在28月龄开始出现,在这之后,雄鱼发育开始稍快于雌鱼,雄鱼在32月龄达到性成熟,此时体重为(686.49±25.38)g,成熟系数10.69%,雌鱼在34月龄达到性成熟,此时体重为(1 349.63±29.56)g,成熟系数10.36%。卵巢发育属于同步分批产卵类型,为一次分批产卵鱼类。     

转基因鲤性腺结构及繁殖性能的研究

采用解剖及显微观察对大麻哈鱼生长激素基因鲤(以下简称转基因鲤)的性腺发育和繁殖性能进行了研究.结果表明:转基因鲤精巢组织结构属壶腹型,其壁由2层膜组成,外为腹膜,内为白膜,精小叶不规则排列,小叶由许多精小囊组成,精小囊是精子发生增殖、生长、成熟的地方,精子成熟后由精小囊进入小叶腔内.卵巢1对,位于腹腔两侧,外为腹膜,内为被膜,卵子成熟后由输卵管从泄殖孔排出体外.精卵生殖细胞发育程序相似,可分为6个时期.其中雌性个体成熟年龄为1周年;雄性个体成熟比雌性个体成熟早.成熟卵巢的成熟系数为0.49 ～0.84,成熟精巢的成熟系数为1.47 ～4.87.繁殖期性腺发育观察:7月时精巢中精原细胞和精母细胞所占比例较高,卵巢中初级卵母细胞所占比例较高;8月时精巢中精原细胞数量开始减少,精母细胞开始增加,并有少量精子细胞和精子出现,卵巢中卵母细胞数量有所增加,并出现一些小的液泡和卵黄物质;9月时精巢中大多都为精子细胞和精子,卵巢中大部分卵母细胞进入卵黄充塞期.通过对繁殖期3个月雌、雄个体性腺发育与普通鲤作t检验,雌、雄个体性腺发育程度有所不同但差异不显著(P＞0.05).该研究证明转基因鲤的性腺发育是正常的,雌、雄个体性个体都能达到性成熟.     

布氏罗非鱼性腺发育的组织学研究

为了解布氏罗非鱼性腺分化的时间和性腺发育的特点,本研究通过组织学方法观察不同发育时期的布氏罗非鱼(Tilapia buttikoferi)性腺的组织形态结构。结果显示:布氏罗非鱼出膜后的20 d卵巢分化,分化的标志是出现卵巢腔;精巢分化晚于卵巢,分化标志为精巢内形成精小叶;雄性个体在180日龄达到性成熟,而雌性个体240日龄才完全成熟。布氏罗非鱼卵巢发育分为6个时期:卵原细胞期,初级卵母细胞小生长期,初级卵母细胞生长期,初级卵母细胞大生长期,成熟期和衰退期。第Ⅱ时相卵母细胞有多个核仁,出现单层滤泡膜;第Ⅲ时相卵母细胞出现空泡,核仁环状贴核膜排列,后期出现双层滤泡膜结构;第Ⅳ时相卵母细胞出现卵黄颗粒和粗大的核仁;第Ⅴ时相卵母细胞,其核膜溶解,核仁消失,细胞质内充满大的卵黄颗粒,空泡与卵黄颗粒交互排列。在五期卵巢中同时存在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ时相卵母细胞,并且靠近卵巢壁的卵母细胞发育时期要早于中间,布氏罗非鱼产卵类型为非同步分批。布氏罗非鱼精巢为小叶型。     

口虾蛄繁殖周期及生殖细胞发育的研究

对大连市黑石礁海域口虾蛄Oratosquilla oratoria卵巢性腺指数的周年变化进行测定,对雌雄个体的生殖细胞发育进行了组织学观察.结果表明:3月,随着水温的升高,口虾蛄繁殖个体卵巢发育逐渐成熟,性腺指数上升,至6月达到最大值,7月,随着繁殖个体的排卵,性腺指数下降,至9月出现全年的最小值;口虾蛄1龄即可性成熟,每年产卵1次;雄性生殖细胞发育分为精原细胞期、初级精母细胞期、次级精母细胞期、精细胞期和精子期5个时期,雌性生殖细胞发育分为卵原细胞期、卵黄形成前期、卵黄形成期和成熟期4个时期.     

秀丽高原鳅繁殖生物学研究

2013年4月至2014年3月,在仕庄龙潭对野生秀丽高原鳅用地笼逐月随机采样,样本中鉴定出2~6龄鱼发育到Ⅳ、Ⅴ期的性腺出现率为100%,即2龄即可达到性成熟,同龄鱼中,性腺发育周期存在一定差异;最小性成熟雌鱼体长5.1 cm,空壳质量1.4 g,成熟系数14.2%;个体绝对繁殖力平均为1 928粒,数量介于233~6 971粒;个体相对繁殖力平均为420粒/g,介于43~1 211粒/g;性腺成熟系数平均为10.63%,介于1.50%~24.60%。通过目测和组织显微观察,发现4、6、8、11月的卵巢均出现处于繁殖前夕的Ⅴ期,但5、7、9、12月均出现卵巢产卵前处于发育期的Ⅳ期卵,表明其繁殖时间分散,产卵不彻底,一次并未产完成熟卵,推测其属于不完全同步、分批产卵的Ⅵ期卵巢类型。反映秀丽高原鳅在个体卵巢发育过程中,卵细胞发育不同步性,分布有不同发育时期的卵细胞。     

人工养殖七彩神仙鱼性腺发育的研究

七彩神仙鱼是一种名贵的观赏鱼,近年来市场需求量不断增加,研究其性腺发育规律将为该鱼的人工繁殖研究提供理论依据.对人工养殖七彩神仙鱼的性腺发育进行了形态学观察,并通过常规石蜡切片对其性腺发育进行了组织学观察.结果表明,七彩神仙鱼的卵巢发育可分为6期,卵子的发生可划分为5个时相.卵巢中卵母细胞的发育存在高度不同步性,这与其分批非同步产卵的特点相一致.人工养殖条件下,9月龄雌鱼的卵巢可发育到第Ⅳ期,达到性成熟.七彩神仙鱼的精巢为小叶型.精巢发育也可分为6期,精子的发生经历精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞和精子5个阶段.人工养殖条件下,10月龄雄鱼的精巢可发育到第Ⅴ期,达到性成熟.雌鱼的性成熟比雄鱼早1个月.七彩神仙鱼经过多代人工驯化饲养后雌鱼的繁殖能力有所增强.     

中华倒刺Ba性腺发育观察

根据外观和组织学特征，将中华倒刺Ｂａ性腺分为６个发育时期其发育有阶段性和连续性。由卵巢和成熟系数的变化，证实该鱼属分批产卵类型，产卵期为４－７月。雄鱼精巢为壶腹型，呈长带状。该鱼６冬龄以下个体相对和绝对怀卵量与体重呈显著正相关。     

斑石鲷性腺发育的组织学观察与初步分析

为研究斑石鲷(Oplegnathus punctatus)雌、雄性腺发育规律及特征,本研究通过采用生物学解剖和常规石蜡组织切片观察方法,对斑石鲷性腺的雌、雄分化与发育过程进行了研究,研究发现：斑石鲷的性腺发育为雌雄异体的分化类型,雄鱼精巢属于小叶型结构,共分为6个发育时期,水温在24-26℃,120日龄,全长56.1-64.5mm时出现输精管原基,标志精巢分化开始,180日龄时形成精小叶标志着精巢解剖学分化的完成,并同时出现初级精母细胞,标志着精巢细胞学分化的开始;精子的发生分为5个阶段,即精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞、精子。雌性性腺发育分为6个时期,水温在24-26℃, 90日龄,全长30.4-49.5mm原始性腺开始出现成簇发育的卵原细胞群,标志卵巢解剖学分化的开始,150日龄出现卵巢腔的雏形,180日龄形成初级卵母细胞标志着卵巢细胞学分化的开始;卵母细胞发育分为6个时相,第Ⅰ时相卵母细胞处于卵原细胞阶段,第Ⅱ时相卵母细胞体积明显变大,进入卵母细胞小生长期阶段,第Ⅲ时相卵母细胞前期出现核仁,到中后期数量增多,并出现滤泡细胞,第Ⅳ时相卵母细胞处于大生长期阶段,细胞体积明显增大,卵黄颗粒增多,第Ⅴ时相卵母细胞细胞核溶解,核仁消失,整个细胞充满卵黄,第Ⅵ时相卵母细胞开始出现萎缩变小。研究表明斑石鲷卵巢在解剖学分化时间上早于精巢,在细胞学分化上精巢和卵巢大致同步,卵母细胞和精母细胞的发育均表现出不同步特征。     

中华倒刺鱼巴性腺发育观察

根据外观和组织学特征，将中华倒刺鱼巴〔Ｂａｒｂｏｄｅｓ（ｓｐｉｎｉｂａｒｂｕｓ）ｓｉｎｅｎ－ｓｉｓ〕性腺分为６个发育时期，其发育有阶段性和连续性。由卵巢和成熟系数的变化，证实该鱼属分批产卵类型，产卵期为４～７月。雄鱼精巢为壶腹型，呈长带状。该鱼６冬龄以下个体相对和绝对怀卵量与体重呈显著正相关。     

一龄金鱼性成熟及生殖力研究

通过繁殖实践和组织学切片,研究了一龄金鱼的性成熟及生殖力情况。结果表明,繁殖季节的一龄金鱼性腺已发育成熟,雌性个体中卵巢已发育到了第Ⅳ期,主要由Ⅳ时相卵母细胞组成,雄性个体精巢已发育到第Ⅴ期,精细小管中已布满成熟的精子;在自然和人工环境下,一龄金鱼能自行产卵受精并产生存活后代,证明一龄金鱼能够达到性成熟,在此2种条件下并都能够自行繁殖后代。另外,对金鱼产生的单倍体卵子的质量和直径分别与红鲫产生的单倍体卵子及四倍体鲫鲤产生的二倍体卵子的质量和直径进行比较,结果表明,卵子的质量及直径与卵子的倍性存在正向相关关系。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

盐胁迫对葡萄苗期多胺和激素代谢的影响

【目的】 研究盐胁迫条件下,葡萄叶片中多胺含量、多胺氧化酶、多胺合成酶活性以及激素的动态变化,研究不同盐胁迫强度对多胺类物质及激素代谢的影响。【方法】 采用盆栽基质培养模拟盐胁迫环境,设置4个NaCl处理梯度:0 (CK)、1、2和3 g/kg。多胺和激素含量的测定采用高效液相色谱法,多胺合成及分解酶活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计比色法。【结果】 盐胁迫处理后,葡萄叶片中多胺含量和脱落酸含量较对照而言显著增加,玉米素含量显著降低,随胁迫时间的延长,Put、Spm、Spd、ABA以及PAO、DAO、ADC、ODC、SAMDC活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,在10 d及10 d后达到峰值。ZT呈逐渐下降的趋势,并随胁迫强度增大而减小;进行显著性分析后,叶片中多胺含量与Put、Spm、Spd含量呈极显著正相关,DAO、ADC、ODC活性与Put含量呈显著正相关,PAO与SAMDC活性与Spm和Spd含量也呈极显著正相关。【结论】 3种多胺经酶的合成代谢后和激素共同缓解葡萄苗所遭受到的盐胁迫,期间主要发生作用的是多胺合成酶,盐胁迫下多胺与激素含量之间的变化关系也十分密切。     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。