寿星桃种质资源的RAPD分析

该研究利用RAPD技术,从分子生物学角度对寿星桃种质进行分析.采用从200个10碱基随机引物筛选的22个引物对10个寿星桃类型的基因组DNA进行扩增,通过对180个扩增位点的谱带的聚类,分析供试寿星桃的系统发育;运用特殊谱带,建立了寿星桃的分子检索表;并对扩增的特殊位点进行统计,提出了重点保存的寿星桃种质.     

中国芸芥栽培品种亲缘关系的RAPD分析

 用100个随机引物对18个芸芥品种的基因组DNA进行扩增,结果有10个随机引物得到了稳定一致的RAPD谱带,扩增出的谱带数在2～17条之间,共扩增出91条谱带;采用UPGMA法对扩增出的谱带进行遗传聚类分析,在遗传距离(D)=0.1333处,将供试芸芥品种分为2类8组,揭示了供试芸芥品种的亲缘关系。     

桃品种种质资源的RAPD分析

用筛选的20个随机引物对42个桃品种(种)进行RAPD扩增,用扩增产生的107条多态性带计算样品间的遗传距离,UPGMA法聚类分析,在遗传距离0.14处可将供试样品划分为四类,认为RAPD标记可用于分析桃种质资源间亲缘关系.在遗传距离0.11处可将水蜜桃、黄肉桃、油桃明显区分开,但存在一定交叉现象,若以肉质类型划分桃品种,还应考虑桃品种的遗传背景.供试样品中珲春桃是优先保存的种质,其次是Fireprince、上海水蜜桃等.根据聚类分析结果和遗传距离,认为珲春桃不是桃和山桃的杂交后代,应为桃的一个变种.     

桃品种种质资源的RAPD分析

用筛选的20个随机引物对42个桃品种（种）进行RAPD扩增，用扩增产生的107条多态性带计算样品间的遗传距离，UPGMA法聚类分析，在遗传距离0．14处可将供试样品划分为四类，认为RAPD标记可用于分析桃种质资源间亲缘关系。在遗传距离0．11处可将水蜜桃、黄肉桃、油桃明显区分开，但存在一定交叉现象，若以肉质类型划分桃品种，还应考虑桃品种的遗传背景。供试样品中珲春桃是优先保存的种质，其次是Fireprince、上海水蜜桃等。根据聚类分析结果和遗传距离，认为珲春桃不是桃和山桃的杂交后代，应为桃的一个变种。     

利用RAPD技术对蜜桃种质资源的分析

利用RAPD技术，采用从200个10碱基随机引物筛选的22个引物对14个蜜桃品种的基因组DNA进行扩增，通过扩增180个位点的谱带的聚类，分析供试蜜桃的系统发育，将供试的蜜桃品种分为3组；并运用特殊谱带，建立了蜜桃的分子检索表，提出了特殊保存的蜜桃种质有秋蜜，太原水蜜，深州红蜜和温州水蜜。     

油桃品种的RAPD分析

为了用分子生物学方法对油桃品质进行分析，本研究利用RAPD技术，采用从200个10碱基随机引物筛选的22个引物对19个油桃品种的基因组DNA进行扩增，通过扩增180个位点谱带的聚类，分析供试油桃的系统发育，将供试油桃品种分为3类；并运用特殊谱带，建立了油桃的品种分子识别表，提出了重点保存的油桃种质有曙光、瑞光2号、五月火、艾米拉、红李光、阿姆肯。     

利用SSR标记评价甘蔗品种遗传多样性

[目的]探讨甘蔗品种的遗传多样性。[方法]利用15对多态性SSR引物对20个广西主栽甘蔗品种的基因组DNA进行分析,研究现代甘蔗品种的遗传亲缘关系及各品种间的遗传距离。[结果]利用15对多态性SSR引物对20个甘蔗品种的基因组DNA进行扩增,共获得185条谱带。平均每个引物扩增出12.33条谱带,其中多态性条带占87.6%。供试甘蔗品种之间的遗传相似系数为0.554～0.826,平均值为0.679。根据UPGMA聚类分析结果,20个供试甘蔗品种可分为2个类群。[结论]20个供试甘蔗品种具有丰富的遗传多态性。SSR标记能较好地揭示供试甘蔗品种之间的遗传差异和亲缘关系。     

应用RAPD标记对桃品种间亲缘关系的分析

以普通桃的36个品种为试材，应用RAPD标记进行品种间亲缘关系的分析，探讨应用RAPD标记划分桃品种的可行性，试验结果表明，利用筛选的20个引物在36个桃品种中共扩增出111条带，其中多态性带86条，占标记总数的77．5％，可用于样品间亲缘关系的分析．利用这些多态性带构建二元数据矩阵，计算样本间的遗传距离，并用UPGMA法对36个样品进行聚类分析，以遗传距离0．14为接合线，将供试类型分为五类．若进一步在遗传距离0．13处划分，可明显将水蜜桃、黄肉桃、油桃区分开，认为RAPD标记可用于桃品种分类，以肉质类型划分桃品种是可行的。     

不同核桃品种的SSR分析

应用SSR技术对21个核桃品种和1个枫杨品种的基因组DNA进行遗传多样性的研究。用筛选出的10对引物对供试材料进行SSR分析,共扩增出67条清晰的谱带,不同引物扩增出的DNA条带数量在4～24条之间,分子量大小在85～300 bp之间,依据特征谱带,可直接鉴别出供试品种,其中引物WGA32的鉴别效率最高。对扩增出的67条带进行聚类分析,结果表明,普通核桃和枫杨亲缘关系较远,不同地域起源的品种界限不明显。     

山东省主栽杨树品种的AFLP分析与鉴定

为了解山东省主栽杨树品种间的亲缘关系,为其分类、鉴别和良种利用提供依据,利用8对引物对23个供试品种进行了AFLP分析.结果表明,8对引物共得到扩增谱带1183条,平均多态性比例为77.3%,每对引物鉴别效率为100%;参试品种间遗传差异较大,遗传距离为0.14～ 0.51,平均遗传距离0.31;当相似系数为0.728,供试品种被分为8大类,聚类结果与其系谱关系一致;运用特殊谱带建立了分子检索表,用于参试品种分子水平上的鉴定.     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。     

锌对镉·汞复合污染下豌豆幼苗生长的影响

以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。