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1.
辽宁省不同地区的反枝苋对氯嘧磺隆抗药性研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
在辽宁省不同地区的大豆田中采集反枝苋种子,在室内通过琼脂法和茎叶处理法,测定辽宁不同地区反枝苋对氯嘧磺隆的抗性水平差异以及对反枝苋幼苗的影响。试验结果表明:铁岭开源地区的反枝苋,相对抗性比为751;锦州北镇和丹东东港的反枝苋,其相对抗性比分别为294.5、167;不同地区反枝苋敏感性种群和抗性种群幼苗的苗高、根长、植株鲜重的相对毒力倍数和抗性指数均存在一定的差异。  相似文献   

2.
Tank-mix adjuvant has the potential to improve the weed control efficacy of post-emergence herbicides. In order to study the synergistic effect of adjuvant, the effects of different rates of fomesafen alone or applied methylated soybean oil adjuvant(MSO) were sprayed on redroot pigweed, abutilon and black nightshade under greenhouse condition. The results showed that fomesafen had different performance on the three weeds, and MSO adjuvant could effectively increase the control. The nightshade control was lower than other two weeds with all the fomesafen doses from 131.25 to 506.25 ga.i. · hm-2 with or without adjuvant. The control of abutilon was between the black nightshade and the redroot pigweed, and had better control at 375 ga.i. · hm-2 with adjuvant or 506.25 ga.i. · hm-2 alone or with adjuvant respectively. The results indicated that mixing adjuvant with fomesafen improved the control on weeds, especially at the low rate. Black nightshade was more difficult to control. The redroot pigweed had the most susceptibility to fomesafen alone or with adjuvant.  相似文献   

3.
[目的]研究藜科杂草提取物的除草、抑菌功能。[方法]以反枝苋为供试杂草,以黄瓜枯萎病菌、苹果腐烂病菌和小麦纹枯病菌为供试菌种,研究藜科杂草猪毛菜、灰藜、小藜、绿藜、地肤的茎叶提取物对杂草和病菌的抑制作用。[结果]5种杂草的茎叶提取物对反枝苋种子萌发及幼苗生长都有一定的抑制作用,其中,地肤茎叶提取物的抑制活性最高,当其浸膏浓度为0.10 g/ml时,对反枝苋茎生长的抑制率达100%,对种子萌发和根生长的抑制率超过90%;用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、甲醇对地肤茎叶提取物萃取分离后发现,石油醚萃取部分的除草效果较好,而甲醇萃取部分的抑菌活性较高。[结论]藜科杂草提取物具有一定的除草和抑菌功能。  相似文献   

4.
This work studied the impacts of variations in environmental temperature on hyperspectral imaging features in the visible and near infrared regions for robust species identification for weed mapping in tomato production. Six major Californian processing tomato cultivars, black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) were grown under a variety of diurnal temperature ranges simulating conditions common in the Californian springtime planting period and one additional treatment simulating greenhouse growing conditions. The principal change in canopy reflectance with varying temperature occurred in the 480-670 and 720-810 nm regions. The overall classification rate ranged from 62.5% to 91.6% when classifiers trained under single temperatures were applied to plants grown at different temperatures. Eliminating the 480-670 nm region from the classifier’s feature set mitigated the temperature effect by stabilizing the total crop vs. weed classification rate at 86.4% over the temperature ranges. A site-specific recalibration method was also successful in alleviating the bias created by calibrating the models on the extreme temperatures and increased the classification accuracy to 90.3%. A global calibration method, incorporating all four temperature conditions in the classifier feature space, provided the best average total classification accuracy of 92.2% out of the methods studied, and was fairly robust to the varying diurnal temperature conditions.  相似文献   

5.
基于图像处理技术的四种苜蓿叶部病害的识别   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
基于图像处理技术,对4种苜蓿叶部病害进行识别研究。利用结合K中值聚类算法和线性判别分析的分割方法对病斑图像作分割,获得了较好的分割效果。结果表明:该分割方法在由4种病害图像数据集整合成的汇总图像数据集上综合得分的平均值和中值分别为0.877 1和0.899 7;召回率的平均值和中值分别为0.829 4和0.851 4;准确率的平均值和中值分别为0.924 9和0.942 4。进一步提取病斑图像的颜色特征、形状特征和纹理特征共计129个,利用朴素贝叶斯方法和线性判别分析方法建立病害识别模型,并结合顺序前向选择方法实现特征筛选,分别获得最优特征子集;同时利用这2个最优特征子集,结合支持向量机(Support vector machine,SVM)建立病害识别模型。比较各模型的识别效果,发现利用所建线性判别分析模型下的最优特征子集,结合SVM建立的病害识别模型识别效果最好,训练集识别正确率为96.18%,测试集识别正确率为93.10%。由此可见,本研究所建基于图像处理技术的病害识别模型可用于识别上述4种苜蓿叶部病害,为苜蓿病害的诊断和鉴别提供了一定依据。  相似文献   

6.
采用大田筒栽试验,设置4个施磷(P2O5)水平:CK(不施磷)、P4(60 kg·hm~(-2))、P8(120 kg·hm~(-2))、P12(180 kg·hm~(-2)),研究了重度盐碱地施磷对食葵叶片保护酶活性、植株干物质积累、磷吸收以及施磷后土壤微生物区系变化特征的影响。结果表明:增施磷显著提高了食葵叶片保护酶活性,食葵叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在施磷达到P4水平即显著提高,且达到P12水平又出现显著增加;而过氧化物酶(POD)活性在施磷量达到P12水平才显著增加。叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量与SOD活性保持相对同步,在施磷量P4、P8水平并没有显著降低,直至达P12水平才显著下降,比CK降低31.40%。食葵叶片、籽粒、根干重及根冠比在施磷量达到P12水平时也显著高于其他处理。食葵籽粒、根系磷积累量均随着施磷量增加显著提高,且各施磷处理食葵地上部、根系含磷量也均显著高于CK,但P12与P8处理差异不显著,另外施磷有利于食葵吸收的磷素由根系向地上部转移运输。增施磷通过调控根系生长以及改善微环境显著增加了土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌等可培养微生物数量,且以P12处理增加最多。食葵盛花期和成熟期也均以P12处理优势菌群种类最丰富,其中盛花期P12处理有数量较多的节杆菌属(Arthrobacter),在食葵收获后则含有考克氏菌属(Kocuria)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)和噬几丁质菌属(Chitinophaga)。综合比较来看,河套灌区重度盐碱地施磷180 kg·hm~(-2)可以显著增加食葵叶片保护酶活性,促进食葵生长及磷吸收积累,提高食葵抗性,同时有利于土壤微生物多样性增加。  相似文献   

7.
基于深度学习和支持向量机的4种苜蓿叶部病害图像识别   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
为实现苜蓿叶部病害的快速准确诊断和鉴别,基于图像处理技术,对常见的4种苜蓿叶部病害(苜蓿褐斑病、锈病、小光壳叶斑病和尾孢菌叶斑病)的识别方法进行探索。对采集获得的899张苜蓿叶部病害图像,利用人工裁剪方法从每张原始图像中获得1张子图像,然后利用结合K中值聚类算法和线性判别分析的分割方法进行病斑图像分割,得到4种病害的典型病斑图像(每张典型病斑图像中仅含有1个病斑)共1 651张。基于卷积神经网络提取病斑图像特征,建立病害识别支持向量机(Support vector machine,SVM)模型。结果表明:当病斑图像尺寸归一化为32×32像素,利用归一化的特征HSV(即特征H、特征S和特征V归一化后的组合特征)构建的病害识别SVM模型最优,其训练集识别正确率为94.91%,测试集识别正确率为87.48%。本研究基于深度学习和SVM所建立的病害识别模型可用于识别上述4种苜蓿叶部病害。  相似文献   

8.
初步研究了安徽省沿江棉区直播棉田和移栽棉田杂草发生和危害。运用杂草群落的重要值(MDK)和相对多度(RA),结合K类中心聚类法分析两种模式棉田杂草发生和危害程度。在直播棉田和移栽棉田中,杂草发生种类和杂草演替规律差异不大。一般是以禾本科杂草牛筋草、马唐为重要杂草,由铁苋菜、狗尾草、马齿苋、通泉草、反枝苋和异型莎草等主要杂草组成的杂草群落;直播棉田杂草在棉花蕾期发生密度较大,对棉花的危害程度也较大。两种栽培方式下,不除草棉田的棉花前期株高、叶片数、果枝数和果节数显著低于常规除草棉田;后期的株高、单株铃数、单铃重显著低于常规除草棉田,皮棉产量减少极显著。  相似文献   

9.
水杉(Metasequoia glyptostroboides)是我国特有的孑遗植物,优质种苗的培育是水杉造林成功的基础。通过探讨氮素指数施肥对水杉幼苗生长及氮素积累的影响,为水杉苗木培育提供基础。以一年生水杉幼苗为材料,采用温室盆栽方法,设定常规施肥(CF,纯氮用量5.0 g·株~(-1))和指数施肥(EF1、EF2、EF3、EF4,纯氮用量分别为1.0,3.0,5.0和8.0 g·株~(-1))。苗木生长结束后,测定水杉的地径、苗高、生物量及氮质量分数。结果表明,水杉的苗高、地径在不同施肥间没有显著差异,EF处理显著提高了水杉根、茎生物量的积累(P0.05),其中EF3处理的总生物量最高,为115.2 g·株~(-1);水杉茎、叶氮质量分数在不同施肥间的差异并不显著(P0.05);与CF相比,EF处理的根、茎氮积累量分别增加49.2%~84.4%,32.5%~34.9%,差异达显著水平(P0.05),其中EF3处理的氮积累总量为最大值,达2 938.9 mg·株~(-1)。施氮量为5.0 g·株~(-1)的指数施肥是水杉幼苗温室培育的适宜方法。  相似文献   

10.
The fall armyworm(FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a newly invasive, widespread agricultural pest in China. Understanding the suitability of the main field crops in Chinese agricultural system as host for this polyphagous herbivore is especially important for making control strategy. Here, after FAWs were fed three important oil-bearing crops(oilseed rape, soybean and sunflower) planted in China and resultant population parameters were compared using the age-stage, two-sex life table method, survival of larvae on soybean was significantly lower than that on oilseed rape and sunflower. Developmental duration of larvae on soybean was also the longest(23.3 days). The highest pupation rate was recorded on sunflower. The highest pupal mass(0.19 g) was attained on oilseed rape, significantly higher than on the other host plants; the lowest mass was on soybean(0.15 g). On soybean, oilseed rape and sunflower, respectively, the average generation period was 42.21, 39.10 and 40.44 d; the intrinsic rate of increase(r) was 0.0844, 0.1041 and 0.1134; the finite rate of increase(λ) was 1.0881, 1.1098 and 1.1202. While the most suitable host plant overall was sunflower, S. frugiperda completed development and increased its population on all three host plants. Thus, soybean, oilseed rape and sunflower were all suitable for FAW, and population monitoring and management of FAW in these crops should be increased.  相似文献   

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