草莓褐色轮斑病病原生物学研究及防治药剂的筛选

草莓褐色轮斑病是辽宁省草莓生产上新发生的一种叶部病害。经鉴定,其病原菌为草莓褐色轮斑病菌(PhomopsisobscuranceElletEV.)。笔者系统研究了该病菌的生物学特性,并对防治药剂进行了初步筛选。结果表明:该菌菌丝生长的适宜温度范围为20～30℃,最适温度为25℃。分生孢子萌发最适温度为28℃,致死温度为50℃。全暗和全光照处理下的菌落生长情况好于12h光暗交替。病菌对碳源葡萄糖的利用率最高;对氮源甘氨酸的利用率最高。供试的6种药剂中,以20%叶病速康可湿性粉剂1000倍液对病菌的抑制作用最好。     

白车轴草夏枯病菌的生物学特性及药剂敏感性

对白车轴草夏枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani AG-1-IB的生物学特性及药剂敏感性进行了研究。结果表明:病菌菌丝生长适宜温度为25~30℃,最适温度28℃,菌核形成适宜温度为15~30℃,最适温度28℃;最适菌丝生长的培养基为PSA,最适菌核形成的培养基为PDA;最适菌丝生长的碳源为Richard培养基,最适菌核生长的碳源为可溶性淀粉;以L-精氨酸为氮源的培养基最适菌丝生长,L-α-丙氨酸为菌核形成最佳氮源;p H5.0~10.0适宜菌丝生长,p H 6.0菌核产量最高;半光照利于菌丝生长,全光照利于菌核形成。药剂敏感性研究表明,病菌对吡唑醚菌酯、肟菌·戊唑醇、咯菌腈、多粘类芽孢杆菌、唑醚·代森联、异菌脲和多菌灵的敏感性较高,EC501.0 mg/L,EC905.0 mg/L,可进一步用于田间试验。     

荷花斑枯病的发生与防治

本文就荷花斑枯病的发生与防治进行了初步研究。结果表明:5月初始病,病菌发育最适温度25℃～30℃,伴有雨湿时,形成田间发病高峰期。10月以后病菌在残叶上形成分生孢子器越冬,成为翌年初侵染源。防治措施以消灭菌源,精选种莲,并以药剂处理,轮作和精细管理为王,同时辅以药剂的防治。     

荷花斑枯病的初步研究

荷花斑枯病5月初始发,病菌发育最适温度为26～30℃,伴有雨湿时形成田间发病高峰,时值6月中旬至7月上旬.10月以后病菌在病残叶上形成分生孢子器越冬,成为翌年初次侵染源.病原菌为Phyllosticta hydrophila Speg.提出消灭菌源,精选种莲,并以药剂处理,轮作和精细管理,辅以药剂的防治方法.     

榆白涩病病菌生物学特性初报

通过室内生物量测定,研究不同温度、酸碱度及光照对榆白涩病病菌菌丝、病原孢子生长的影响,结果表明,榆白涩病病菌菌丝在5~30℃温度范围内均可以生长;最适病菌菌丝生长的温度为25℃;pH值3~11范围内病原菌丝均可生长;菌丝生长最适的pH值为9。榆白涩病病菌孢子萌发率与温度呈正相关,5~35℃温度范围内病原孢子均可萌发;最适于榆白涩病病菌孢子萌发的温度为30℃;最适孢子的生长pH值为8。全光照有利于菌丝的生长,不同光照试验表明光对孢子萌发无影响。     

玉米链格孢病菌生物学特性及防治药剂离体活性筛选

为了满足生产中对玉米链格孢叶斑病进行防治以及抗病育种的需要,采用菌丝生长速率法对玉米链格孢叶枯病病原菌的生物学特性和室内药剂筛选进行研究,结果表明:不同的营养、温度、p H值等条件对菌丝生长和产孢量有显著影响。病菌生长最适碳、氮源分别为乳糖和蛋白胨,30℃、p H值为6的条件下生长最好;最适产孢碳源为麦芽糖,最适氮源为蛋白胨,最适产孢温度和p H值与最适生长条件基本一致。光照对菌丝生长没有明显影响,但连续光照却明显有利于产孢过程。病菌菌丝的致死温度为60℃,10min;孢子致死温度52℃,10min。药剂室内毒力试验结果表明:异菌脲对病菌的毒力作用最强,EC50值仅为0.365 mg·L-1;霜·锰锌、咪鲜胺锰盐等药剂对玉米链格孢病菌也具有较好的抑制效果。     

紫草白霉病菌生物学特性研究

对紫草白霉病病原菌--紫草柱隔孢(Ramularia lithospermi Petr.)进行了生物学特性研究.结果表明:病菌在不同培养基上菌丝生长速度存在差异,以紫草叶煎汁 PDA培养基为最适;病菌菌丝生长温度范围为5～30℃,最适25℃:病菌菌丝致死温度为48℃,10min;氮源对菌丝生长影响明显,蛋白胨为最适;病菌菌丝在pH值3～11范围均可生长,以pH 5～6为最适.病菌分生孢子萌发温度为10～30℃,最适20℃;碳源对孢子萌发影响不大,氮源除蛋白胨外均使萌发率下降;病菌分生孢子在pH值2～11范围内均可萌发,pH值4～5为最适;分生孢子致死温度为46℃,10min.     

Biological Characteristics of the Pathogenic Fungus Causing anthracnose of Prunus Americana

对布朗李炭疽病菌[Glomerellacingulata(Stonem)SpauldingetSchrenk]生物学特性研究表明:该菌菌丝生长与子囊果和子囊孢子形成最佳培养基为PSA 1‰酵母膏。病菌能有效地利用各种碳源,氮源以脯氨酸最好。菌丝生长的温度范围为15-30℃,最适为20-25℃;pH值范围为2-11,最适pH6-8。子囊果和子囊孢子形成最适温度和最适pH值分别为25℃和7-8。分生孢子形成和萌发最适温度分别为25-30℃和20-30℃;最适pH值分别为6-8和7-9。分生孢子在饱和湿度或水滴中萌发率最高。布朗李杆煎汁和布朗李果汁对孢子萌发有促进作用。光照处理对该病菌的生长发育无显著影响。     

葡萄白腐病菌菌丝生长与产孢条件的研究

[目的]探究葡萄白腐病菌菌丝生长与产孢的条件。[方法]研究了不同营养、温度、pH及光照对葡萄白腐病菌菌丝生长及产孢和孢子萌发的影响。[结果]氮源中,氯化铵最利于菌丝生长,硫酸铵最利于病菌产孢;碳源中,葡萄糖和蔗糖最利于菌丝生长,蔗糖最利于病菌产孢;分生孢子在碳、氮营养液中均不能萌发,而果梗煮液最利于孢子萌发。适宜菌丝生长的温度范围为20～30℃,最适温度为25～30℃;适宜产孢温度范围为20～35℃,最适温度为30℃;适宜孢子萌发的温度范围为25～35℃,最适温度为28～32℃。适宜菌丝生长和产孢的pH范围是3～5,最适pH为3;适宜孢子萌发的pH范围为2～9,最适pH为3～5。光照对菌丝生长及孢子萌发无影响,但全光照能抑制病菌产孢。[结论]为葡萄白腐病的预警和防治提供了参考。     

云南元江芦荟炭疽病菌的生物学特性及室内药剂毒力测定

对引起云南省元江县芦荟炭疽病的病原菌进行了生物学特性及室内药剂毒力测定研究。结果表明：引起该地芦荟炭疽病的菌原是芦荟炭疽病菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz．，其生长的适宜温度范围为25～35℃，最适温度为30℃，致死温度为60℃、10min；病菌能有效地利用各种碳源和氮源，最适碳源是麦芽糖，最适氮源是硝酸钠。70％代森锰锌对菌落抑制效果最佳。其次75％百菌清，80％比超也有一定抑制效果。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

锌对镉·汞复合污染下豌豆幼苗生长的影响

以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。