鲁南地区玉米—大豆高效复合间作种植技术

玉米和大豆带状复合种植在鲁南地区多年玉米大豆传统间作套种基础上,结合当前粮食规模种植和农业机械化发展实际,通过玉米和大豆科学合理间作,按照大小垄种植模式,集成推广品种改良、行株距调控、化学除草、植株化控、机械播种收获等关键技术,充分发挥玉米边行优势,稳定玉米产量,增加大豆种植面积,是传统间套种技术的创新发展,为扩大鲁南粮食主产区大豆种植面积、提高大豆产能探索出科学可行的技术模式。     

云县大豆玉米带状复合种植的思考

大豆玉米带状复合种植技术是在传统玉米间混大豆和间套种其它作物的基础上创新发展而来，充分利用有限的土地资源和边行优势，在确保玉米种植面积和产量的前提下，有效扩大大豆种植面积，达到大豆玉米均增产增收的种植模式，是保证国家粮油安全的重要途径。     

邓州市优质专用大豆生产利用情况调查及对策

正一、现状调查(一)2006—2016年大豆生产情况1.邓州市大豆分布区域:全市各乡镇均有种植,面积比较集中的主产乡镇有十林镇、张村镇人、彭桥镇、文渠乡、城郊乡、龙堰乡、张楼乡、白牛乡、夏集乡、裴营乡,占全县面积的65%以上。2.大豆种植方式:邓州市大豆以夏播占绝对面积,2008年前玉米、大豆套种面积约占30%;2008年以后套种面积逐渐减少。目前全市玉米、大豆套种面积降低到5%,基本     

通渭县青贮型玉米套种大豆栽培技术探讨

青贮型玉米套种大豆抗旱高产高效栽培技术是改单一青贮型玉米种植为青贮型玉米套种大豆的种植模式，是高低秆作物搭配种植的创新技术，能充分发挥玉米的边行优势，扩大大豆受光空间，实现一季双收。该技术在保障玉米生产的基础上，能提升大豆供给能力，增加农民的种植效益。本文以守住粮食安全生产为出发点，简要阐述了玉米套种大豆的优势，集成总结了通渭县青贮型玉米套种大豆抗旱高产高效栽培技术，包括播前准备、播种技术、田间管理等技术内容，并提出了青贮型玉米套种大豆栽培技术的推广措施，以期为青贮型玉米套种大豆栽培提供参考。     

夏玉米套种夏大豆高效立体种植新技术

正夏玉米和夏大豆是江苏沭阳县的主要旱作物,该县夏玉米平均产量7200千克/公顷、夏大豆平均产量3300千克/公顷左右,单纯种植夏玉米、夏大豆单位面积收入都较低,影响了当地农民种植积极性。该县农技人员在当地旱作田示范、推广夏玉米套种夏大豆高效立体种植新     

春玉米套种夏大豆不同模式对大豆产量的影响

【目的】研究春玉米后期套种夏大豆不同种植模式对大豆产量的影响，为春玉米合理套种夏大豆提供科学依据。【方法】以广西夏大豆主推品种桂夏1号和玉米品种正大619为供试材料，于2011年在广西3个有代表性的夏大豆产区进行春玉米套种夏大豆不同模式试验，研究适宜与春玉米后期套种夏大豆的最佳种植模式。【结果】垄上双行种植平均产量最高为2754.87 kg/ha， 垄沟单行种植（CK）平均产量为2466.57 kg/ha，最低为垄上双行隔行种植，产量为2160.70 kg/ha。【结论】春玉米后期套种夏大豆最为适宜的种植模式为春玉米后期垄上双行套种夏大豆。     

浅谈玉米-大豆间作套种栽培模式

玉米-大豆间作套种栽培模式利用了玉米与大豆两种经济作物的生长特性互补,可充分利用土地面积,提高单位面积产量,增加收入。本文首先对玉米-大豆间作套种栽培的优势进行了分析,进而探讨了当前成熟的玉米-大豆间作套种栽培模式种类,最后对玉米-大豆间作套种栽培技术进行了讨论。     

玉米套大豆高产高效综合栽培技术

玉米和大豆都是我国重要的粮食作物，具有广阔的种植面积，根据玉米和大豆的生长特性，可以通过玉米套大豆的种植方式进行种植，从而提高耕地的利用效率，提高粮食产量，从而提高农民收入，促进农业发展。玉米套大豆是一种连年套种轮作多熟种植制度，在玉米套大豆种植模式下，需要通过科学、规范的管理，来实现玉米和大豆的双丰收，因此加强玉米套大豆高产高效栽培技术的研究具有重要意义，基于此本文从地块选择、种子选择、播前准备、播种和田间管理等方面玉米套大豆高产高效综合栽培技术进行了探讨。     

山东聊城玉米大豆带状复合种植技术及病虫害防治

玉米大豆带状复合种植是在传统间作套种基础上发展而来的适合机械化生产的种植模式。通过阐述玉米大豆带状复合种植技术，以期为提升聊城市玉米大豆作物种植效益提供参考。     

秋大豆的高产栽培途径

种植秋大豆能充分利用温光资源,提高复种指数,增加全年产量.一般种植方式是:夏熟蚕豆,3.8～4尺组合,春播套种玉米,收获前套种秋大豆.它与玉米间作夏大豆的不同处,主要是玉米组合由5.6～6尺缩小到3.8～4尺,增加玉米种植密度,提高玉米产量.秋大豆在玉米收获前7～10天套种,每亩种植密度4.5万株左右,比间作的夏大豆增加3万株以上,可达到间作更大豆的产量水平.同时,一年三熟中有两熟是豆科作物,养用结合,不负地力,有利促进农田生态向良性循环发展.据1981～1983年典型四调查资料,玉米套种秋大豆全年亩产为1337.4斤(蚕豆315.9斤,玉米812.6斤,大豆208.9斤),比玉米间作夏大豆亩产1090.3斤(蚕豆327.5斤,玉米557斤,大豆205.8斤)提高22.67%.     

间作种植模式对玉米和大豆干物质积累与产量组成的影响

玉米/大豆间作是中国北方地区常见的一种种植模式.通过2个生长季的大田试验,研究了间作种植模式对玉米和大豆的干物质积累与产量组成的影响.试验结果表明,生育前期(播后第79天以前),不同种植模式下玉米的单株干物质量之间没有显著差异;生育后期,玉米/大豆1:3间作模式下(Ⅰ1处理)玉米的单株干物质量高于单作玉米,达到极显著水平;玉米/大豆2:3间作模式下(Ⅰ2处理)玉米的单株干物质量高于单作玉米,达到显著水平,1:3和2:3间作模式下玉米的单株干物质量也存在显著差异.生育期内不同种植模式下大豆的单株干物质量之间没有显著差异.利用Logistic方程拟合了单作和间作条件下玉米和大豆单株干物质积累的动态,相关性均达到极显著水平(P<0.01).由于边际效应的影响.间作群体内玉米各器官干物质积累量高于单作.不同种植模式下大豆各器官的干物质积累差异不明显.间作玉米的干物质转换率高于单作,单作大豆的转换率高于间作.Ⅰ1和Ⅰ2处理间作总籽粒产量比单作玉米的籽粒产量增加约6%,比单作大豆的籽粒产量增加约320%.     

Shade stress decreases stem strength of soybean through restraining lignin biosynthesis

Lodging is the most important constraint for soybean growth at seedling stage in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system. In the field experiments, three soybean cultivars Nandou 032-4 (shade susceptible cultivar; B1), Jiuyuehuang (moderately shade tolerant cultivar; B2), and Nandou 12 (shade tolerant cultivar; B3) were used to evaluate the relationship between stem stress and lignin metabolism in the stem of soybean. Results showed that the intercropped soybean was in variable light condition throughout the day time and co-growth stage with maize. The xylem area and cross section ratio played a main role to form the stem stress. The B3 both in intercropping and monocropping expressed a high stem stress with higher xylem area, lignin content, and activity of enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), and peroxidase (POD)) than those of B1 and B2. Among the soybean cultivars and planting pattern, lignin content was positively correlated with stem stress. However, a negative correlation was found between lignin content and actual rate of lodging. In conclusion, the shade tolerant soybean cultivar had larger xylem area, higher lignin content and activities of CAD, 4CL, PAL, and POD than other soybean cultivars in intercropping. The lodging in maize-soybean intercropping can be minimized by planting shade tolerant and lodging resistant cultivar of soybean. The lignin content in stem could be a useful indicator for the evaluation of lodging resistance of soybean in intercropping and activities of enzymes were the key factors that influence the lignin biosynthesis.     

Suitability of the DNDC model to simulate yield production and nitrogen uptake for maize and soybean intercropping in the North China Plain

Intercropping is an important agronomic practice. However, assessment of intercropping systems using field experiments is often limited by time and cost. In this study, the suitability of using the DeNitrification DeComposition(DNDC) model to simulate intercropping of maize(Zea mays L.) and soybean(Glycine max L.) and its aftereffect on the succeeding wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) crop was tested in the North China Plain. First, the model was calibrated and corroborated to simulate crop yield and nitrogen(N) uptake based on a field experiment with a typical double cropping system. With a wheat crop in winter, the experiment included five treatments in summer: maize monoculture, soybean monoculture, intercropping of maize and soybean with no N topdressing to maize(N0), intercropping of maize and soybean with 75 kg N ha~(–1) topdressing to maize(N75), and intercropping of maize and soybean with 180 kg N ha~(–1) topdressing to maize(N180). All treatments had 45 kg N ha~(–1) as basal fertilizer. After calibration and corroboration, DNDC was used to simulate long-term(1955 to 2012) treatment effects on yield. Results showed that DNDC could stringently capture the yield and N uptake of the intercropping system under all N management scenarios, though it tended to underestimate wheat yield and N uptake under N0 and N75. Long-term simulation results showed that N75 led to the highest maize and soybean yields per unit planting area among all treatments, increasing maize yield by 59% and soybean yield by 24%, resulting in a land utilization rate 42% higher than monoculture. The results suggest a high potential to promote soybean production by intercropping soybean with maize in the North China Plain, which will help to meet the large national demand for soybean.     

广西春大豆与玉米不同间作模式效益分析

【目的】探索适宜广西的春大豆与玉米间作种植模式,为当地推广大豆玉米间套种技术提供参考。【方法】试验设5种间作模式,分别为:玉米宽行120 cm、间种2行大豆(M120S2),玉米宽行160 cm、间种2行大豆(M160S2),玉米宽行160 cm、间种3行大豆(M160S3),玉米宽行200 cm、间种2行大豆(M200S2)和玉米宽行200 cm、间种3行大豆(M200S3)。对照为常规种植的玉米单作模式(CKM)和大豆单作模式(CKS)。调查不同种植模式下春大豆、玉米的农艺性状、产量及其相关性状,并对比分析不同种植模式的综合经济效益。【结果】2013~2014两年试验结果表明,随着玉米宽行行距增加,春大豆的茎粗、主茎节数、单株粒重呈递增趋势,产量随之增加。在相同宽行行距(160和200 cm)条件下,种植3行春大豆较种植2行的产量高。玉米的穗粗和百粒重随着其宽行行距的增加呈逐渐变小趋势,产量逐渐降低。5种间作模式中,以M_(160)S_3和M_(120)S_2模式的经济效益较好,分别为18345.53和18094.18元/ha。【结论】综合考虑不同种植模式的经济效益及小型机械操作,以在160 cm宽行玉米中间作3行春大豆较适合在广西地区推广应用。     

玉米-大豆不同宽幅间作对大豆光合特性及群体产量的影响

为探究不同农机作业宽幅条件下玉米-大豆间作对大豆光合特性及群体产量的影响，于2018—2019年采用大田试验，以单作玉米（SM）和单作大豆（SSB）为对照，在玉米-大豆2：1播幅（I₂₁）、2：2播幅（I₂₂）、2：3播幅（I₂₃）间作模式下，测定大豆光合指标、生理生长指标以及群体产量。2年的结果表明：各处理大豆冠层上方的光合有效辐射（PAR）日变化呈现先增后降的单峰曲线变化趋势，随着大豆宽幅的增加，各间作处理大豆冠层上方的光合有效辐射逐渐增加，但均小于单作。相较于单作，间作处理降低了大豆植株的净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）以及地上部生物量，各指标均随着大豆播幅的增加而增加，其中I₂₁处理显著低于I₂₃和SSB处理，I₂₂处理与I₂₃处理之间差异不显著；增加了大豆植株的胞间CO₂浓度（Ci）、叶绿素含量以及株高，各指标均随着大豆播幅的增加而减小，其中I₂₁处理显著高于I₂₃和SSB处理。与单作相比，基于处理总面积的间作玉米产量显著增加，大豆产量显著降低，3种间作处理以籽粒产量为基础的LER（土地当量比）随着大豆播幅的增加而增加。研究表明，玉米-大豆2：2、2：3播幅种植具有间作生产优势。     

Maize–legume intercropping promote N uptake through changing the root spatial distribution,legume nodulation capacity,and soil N availability

Legume cultivars affect N uptake, component crop growth, and soil physical and chemical characteristics in maize–legume intercropping systems. However, how belowground interactions mediate root growth, N fixation, and nodulation of different legumes to affect N uptake is still unclear. Hence, a two-year experiment was conducted with five planting patterns, i.e., maize–soybean strip intercropping (IMS), maize–peanut strip intercropping (IMP), and corresponding monocultures (monoculture maize (MM), monoculture soybean (MS), and monoculture peanut (MP)), and two N application rates, i.e., no N fertilizer (N–) and conventional N fertilizer (N+), to examine relationships between N uptake and root distribution of crops, legume nodulation and soil N availability. Results showed that the averaged N uptake per unit area of intercrops was significantly lower than the corresponding monocultures. Compared with the monoculture system, the N uptake of the intercropping systems increased by 31.7–45.4% in IMS and by 7.4–12.2% in IMP, respectively. The N uptake per plant of intercropped maize and soybean significantly increased by 61.6 and 31.8%, and that of intercropped peanuts significantly decreased by 46.6% compared with the corresponding monocultures. Maize and soybean showed asymmetrical distribution of roots in strip intercropping systems. The root length density (RLD) and root surface area density (RSAD) of intercropped maize and soybean were significantly greater than that of the corresponding monocultures. The roots of intercropped peanuts were confined, which resulted in decreased RLD and RSAD compared with the monoculture. The nodule number and nodule fresh weight of soybean were significantly greater in IMS than in MS, and those of peanut were significantly lower in IMP than in MP. The soil protease, urease, and nitrate reductase activities of maize and soybean were significantly greater in IMS and IMP than in the corresponding monoculture, while the enzyme activities of peanut were significantly lower in IMP than in MP. The soil available N of maize and soybean was significantly greater increased in IMS and IMP than in the corresponding monocultures, while that of IMP was significantly lower than in MP. In summary, the IMS system was more beneficial to N uptake than the IMP system. The intercropping of maize and legumes can promote the N uptake of maize, thus reducing the need for N application and improving agricultural sustainability.     

红壤稻区玉米不同间种模式的效应研究

不同间种模式试验结果表明,玉米与大豆间种的土地产出系数达１．１０７～１．５４７,其产值比大豆单种提高５．３％ ～５２．９６％ ,比玉米单种提高２６．８％ ～５６．６８％ ;不同间作模式的粗蛋白总量排序为玉米花生＞ 玉米大豆＞ 玉米红薯,干物质总量排序为玉米红薯＞ 玉米花生＞ 玉米大豆;红壤稻田种植玉米等旱作物后,土壤ｐＨ值呈上升趋势,水解氮呈下降趋势。     

大豆根构型在玉米/大豆间作系统中的营养作用

 运用根构型不同的大豆品种与玉米进行间作，比较大豆根构型在玉米/大豆间作系统中的营养作用。结果表明，玉米与大豆间作具有明显的间作优势，间作作物的生物量、氮磷含量都显著好于单作。玉米与浅根型大豆品种巴西10号间作，间作优势大于与深根型大豆品种本地2号。说明大豆根构型在玉米/大豆间作系统中具有十分重要的作用。间作系统的氮磷养分竞争比率表明，玉米/大豆这类豆科/禾本科间作组合的优势主要来自对氮的优势性吸收，而玉米与不同基因型大豆间作的优势差异则主要来源于对土壤磷吸收的差异。浅根型大豆品种不仅有利于两种间作作物对土壤磷的吸收，同时还有利于对氮的吸收。     

种植密度对玉米-大豆带状间作下大豆光合、产量及茎秆抗倒的影响

【目的】阐明玉米-大豆带状间作下大豆植株冠层在不同种植密度下的光环境变化规律,明确种植密度对间作大豆叶片光合特性、产量形成及茎秆抗倒的影响,为构建寡日照地区间作大豆合理群体密度提供理论参考。【方法】本研究以大豆（川豆-16）和玉米（正红-505）为试验材料。采用双因素随机区组设计,主因素为种植方式,设玉米-大豆带状间作和大豆带状单作2个水平,副因素为大豆的3个种植密度（PD1=17株/m²,PD2=20株/m²,PD3=25株/m²),研究种植密度对间作大豆冠层内部光环境变化、叶片光合特性、植株生长动态、田间倒伏率及产量构成等的影响。【结果】2年结果表明,在玉米-大豆带状间作系统中,大豆生长中后期受高位作物玉米遮荫和自荫性增加的影响,其植株群体冠层内部的光合有效辐射（PAR）、叶面积指数（LAI）、叶片光合能力、分枝数及产量显著降低,但受玉米影响的程度因大豆种植密度的不同而不同。在间作模式下,PD1和PD2处理的大豆植株群体冠层光合有效辐射比PD3处理分别增加了45.4%和24.8%,净光合速率分别增加了46.1%和12.3%,单株有效荚数分别增加了53.2%和27.2%,单株分枝数分别增加了270.4%和140.9%,田间倒伏率分别降低了50.3%和19.3%。相关性分析发现,间作大豆的田间倒伏率与冠层内部光合有效辐射、叶片净光合速率、茎秆抗折力、茎叶干物质比、单株分枝数及单株有效荚数呈显著负相关,与株高、叶面积指数和单株无效荚数呈显著正相关。【结论】在玉米-大豆带状间作模式下,20株/m²的大豆密度（PD2）有利于创造良好的群体冠层内部光环境,降低植株田间大豆倒伏率,增加光合产物积累,从而提高大豆产量。