红阳猕猴桃糖度分布与糖度测定方法分析

本文以红阳猕猴桃为研究对象,分别测定果实不同部位及全果糖度值,通过差值分析,单因素方差分析等初步了解了猕猴桃果实糖度分布特征,结果显示红阳猕猴桃糖度分布由茎端向花端呈非等梯度增长趋势,以果实赤道线为分界,两端果实糖度存在显著差异,即P1、P2与P3、P4之间差异显著,表明果实中间部位糖度分布变异系数大。同时,结合目前猕猴桃糖度检测方法及技术手段,探讨了糖度分布对糖度检测的影响,结果表明,采用两端测定平均值能够较好地反应全果糖度,对于基于糖度建立无损检测方法时,更应该注意样本参数收集部位与糖度检测部位之间的一致性。以上研究为红阳猕猴桃最佳糖度测定提供了科学依据。     

钙处理对黄花梨主要贮藏品质指标的影响

以黄花梨为试材,通过采前叶面喷施高活性钙镁肥、有机螯合钙以及叶面喷施结合根际灌施高活性钙镁肥、有机螯合钙等措施,探讨钙处理对黄花梨贮藏效果的影响.结果表明,黄花梨在16℃贮藏条件下,与对照相比,各施钙处理均极显著降低果实失水率、腐烂率,极显著增加果实硬度、总糖、总酸及可溶性固形物含量;除叶施高活性钙镁肥处理外,各施钙处理的Vc含量均显著高于对照.综合比较各钙处理的施用效果,采前叶施高活性钙镁肥处理的果实失水率及果实硬度极显著优于其他处理;叶施结合根施有机螯合钙处理的果实腐烂率极显著低于其他处理.     

“梨果灵”对梨果实生长发育的效应及有效期的研究

“梨果灵”是一种以GA3和GA4 7为主要有效成分的膏剂，本试验通过对成年黄花梨涂以不同年份的“梨果灵”的处理，并测定果实横纵径、重量、糖度等指标，探讨了“梨果灵”对于提高梨果实品质的功能和有效期。结果表明：“梨果灵”能显著促进梨果实增大而对品质没有影响，“梨果灵”的有效期至少在2年以上。     

钾肥对黄花梨产量与品质的影响

以十年生黄花梨为试材,采用田间试验研究不同水平钾肥对黄花梨叶片物质代谢、果实产量与品质的影响.结果表明,在株施K2SO4 0.27 kg～0.81 kg范围,黄花梨叶片钾含量、chl.a、chl.b,chl.总量和chl.a/ chl.b比值,游离氨基酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量均不同程度提高,丙二醛含量降低;黄花梨产量、果实硬度、维生素C、还原糖含量和糖/酸比值分别提高23.9%～68.6%,5.1%～11.3%,8.1%～11.7%,4.9%～12.6%和4.8%～22.2%,总酸量约下降,硝酸盐含量降低0.8%～4.7%.以株施K2SO4 0.81 kg效果最好,显著提高了黄花梨叶片叶绿素、可溶性糖、游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白质和钾含量,显著提高了果实硬度、Vc含量、还原糖含量和糖/酸比值,显著降低了叶片丙二醛.适宜增施钾肥能促进黄花梨生长发育,提高果实产量和改善品质.     

钾肥对黄花梨产量与品质的影响

以十年生黄花梨为试材,采用田间试验研究不同水平钾肥对黄花梨叶片物质代谢、果实产量与品质的影响.结果表明,在株施K2SO40.27kg～0.81kg范围,黄花梨叶片钾含量、chl.a、chl.b,chl.总量和chl.a/chl.b比值,游离氨基酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量均不同程度提高,丙二醛含量降低;黄花梨产量、果实硬度、维生素C、还原糖含量和糖/酸比值分别提高23.9%～68.6%,5.1%～11.3%,8.1%～11.7%,4.9%～12.6%和4.8%～22.2%,总酸量约下降,硝酸盐含量降低0.8%～4.7%.以株施K2SO40.81kg效果最好,显著提高了黄花梨叶片叶绿素、可溶性糖、游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白质和钾含量,显著提高了果实硬度、Vc含量、还原糖含量和糖/酸比值,显著降低了叶片丙二醛.适宜增施钾肥能促进黄花梨生长发育,提高果实产量和改善品质.     

番茄整果在常温贮藏中的蠕变特性试验

蠕变特性是评价番茄果实品质的一个重要指标.本试验应用Instron万能试验机对常温贮藏的整番茄进行了蠕变特性的试验,对蠕变特性四参数、压缩弹性模量E、坚实度Fi、糖度及pH值等指标的变化规律进行了分析.结果表明:蠕变特性的粘弹性系数与压缩特性指标出现先下降,后逐渐上升,至第9 d达到最高峰,然后呈急剧下降的趋势.在常温贮藏期间,番茄的糖度和酸度均缓慢增加.     

不同保鲜处理对黄花梨果实贮藏的影响

为了对黄花梨果实贮藏方法提供参考,在低温(2℃)气调库条件下,分别采用壳聚糖复合物、1-MCP和2,4-D对黄花梨果实进行处理,对黄花梨果实的各生理指标进行测定,分析在低温气调库条件下黄花梨果实在贮藏期间生理变化规律,并通过测定其腐烂率、硬度变化,研究不同保鲜剂对黄花梨果实贮藏效果的影响。结果表明,在低温气调下配合保鲜剂的处理,果实的生理变化缓慢,推迟了呼吸高峰出现的时间,有效地延长了果实的贮藏时间;以1-MCP处理果实的贮藏效果最好,壳聚糖复合涂膜处理次之,2,4-D的处理效果不明显。     

中草药制剂保鲜黄花梨生理基础初探

采用不同中草药制剂处理黄花梨,在室温(20～28 ℃)条件下贮藏15 d,分析了贮藏期间黄花梨果实营养代谢和细胞膜透性指标变化.结果表明,黄花梨果实成熟衰老与失重、Vc和丙二醛(MDA)含量变化密切相关.中草药制剂对黄花梨的保鲜机理在于可延缓果实营养成分的降解,降低失重率,维持较高Vc含量水平,抑制细胞膜脂过氧化,维持细胞膜相对稳定,使果肉硬度下降率降低,腐烂率减小.不同中草药制剂对黄花梨果实营养代谢和细胞膜脂过氧化综合影响能力不同.     

中草药制剂对黄花梨保鲜效应研究

试验选用具有杀菌作用的5种中草药处理黄花梨, 在室温(20～28 ℃)条件下贮藏15 d, 分析了贮藏期间黄花梨的贮藏品质和商品率变化. 结果表明, 供试的3种中草药单方处理, 栀子、青蒿处理对提高黄花梨商品率有显著效应, 商品率分别比清水高12.21%、 0.46%, 与多菌灵效应一致; 供试的3种中草药复方处理, 果实商品率均显著高于清水; 青蒿+黄芩处理还显著高于多菌灵, 果实商品率最高, 高于清水16.56%, 高于多菌灵5.78%. 栀子+大黄处理与多菌灵效应相同. 复方处理保鲜效应高于单方处理.     

不同贮藏方式对红心猕猴桃果实糖度变化的影响

本研究采用大区试验方法,分析了不同贮藏方式对红心猕猴桃果实糖度变化的影响。结果表明,单果重与最小横径、最大横径和纵径间存在着极显著的正相关关系;室温和乙烯利浸果处理的糖度值相当,比冷藏处理高52.0%以上,差异达显著水平,但均比鲜果高2.0~3.1倍;不同存储方式下猕猴桃果实的糖度表现出先增加后降低的变化规律,用乙烯利处理可缩短果实后熟时间,增加糖度值。最后,提出红心猕猴桃果实的存储方法。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。     

锌对镉·汞复合污染下豌豆幼苗生长的影响

以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。