Bt稻Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白在水体中的残留和Bt稻田三类水生昆虫数量调查

以转Btcry1Ab基因水稻克螟稻1号(KMD1)和克螟稻2号(KMD2)黄熟期的茎叶为材料,室内测定了其经浸水处理后(28℃,L16∶D8)残体和水体中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的含量;测定了KMD1与早籼稻嘉早935培育成的Bt稻华池B6分蘖期稻田水体中Cry1Ab蛋白的含量,同时调查了该Bt稻和对照稻嘉早935在分蘖初期、盛期和末期稻田3类水生昆虫的数量。结果表明,KMD1和KMD2茎叶经浸水100d后,水体中残留有Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白。华池B6分蘖期稻田水体中没有检测到Cry1Ab蛋白;除分蘖末期华池B6稻田中的蜉蝣目昆虫个体数量显著高于对照田嘉早935外,其他2类水生昆虫摇蚊(spp.)和鞘翅目甲虫(sp.)在两类稻田间均无显著差异。     

影响Bt稻离体叶中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白降解的环境因子研究

 【目的】研究转Bt基因水稻表达的外源Bt杀虫蛋白在土壤中的环境去向，以便进行转BT基因水稻的生态风险性评价。【方法】室内采用ELISA法，研究了转Bt基因水稻克螟稻2号（KMD2）粉碎叶片中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白在3种水稻土，即青紫泥田、黄筋泥田和黄松田土中不同土壤含水量、土壤pH值和温度条件下的降解动态。【结果】供试叶片粉中Cry1Ab蛋白在3种水稻土中的降解动态均可用一级化学反应动力学指数方程来拟合，降解半消减期t0.5为1.8～4.0 d。【结论】土壤含水量、pH和温度对Cry1Ab蛋白降解速率均有一定影响，但pH和温度的影响更为明显。通常pH较低的酸性土壤和低温不利于土壤中Cry1Ab蛋白的降解,特别是在酸性黄松田中降解最慢。     

用人工合成多肽作为半抗原制备Bt Cry1Ac的单克隆抗体

为了制备Bt Cry1Ac特异性单克隆抗体(MAB),本试验从NCBI获得了Bt Cry1Ac蛋白的氨基酸序列,根据抗原性、亲水性和表位性分析选定Bt Cry1Ac特异性肽段进行人工合成,并将其偶联于匙孔血蓝蛋白（KLH）免疫动物,应用细胞融合技术制备了抗该肽段的杂交瘤细胞34株。通过ELISA和免疫印迹试验从中筛选出与Bt Cry1Ac天然蛋白产生特异性反应的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株一株（6G9）。ELISA和免疫印迹试验结果显示,该克隆株所分泌的MAB能对合成肽和Bt Cry1Ac产生特异性反应,而与同源的Bt Cry1Aa、Bt Cry1Ab天然蛋白均无交叉反应。通过对转基因棉花的ELISA 检测结果表明,本试验所制备的Bt Cry1Ac单克隆抗体能够有效的区分常规棉和抗虫棉,并且能对其中的Bt Cry1Ac蛋白进行特异性的识别。     

转Bt基因玉米残体Cry1Ab蛋白在土壤中的残留动态

采用ELISA定量法研究了(28±1)℃下转Bt基因玉米植株残体不同组织所含Cry1Ab蛋白在黄褐土和红壤中的残留动态,并对其进行方程拟合。结果表明,转Bt基因玉米植株残体不同组织释放的Cry1Ab蛋白在不同土壤中的残留动态基本一致,均呈前期快速降低和后期稳定下降2个阶段,但同一组织释放的Cry1Ab蛋白在不同土壤中的残留变化速率存在显著差异,黄褐土中下降明显快于红壤,1周内表现尤为显著;不同组织释放的Cry1Ab蛋白在同一土壤中其残留差异显著,且受培养时间等因素的影响,总体表现为根>叶>茎,与初始时Cry1Ab蛋白土壤可提取量表现基本一致;双指数模型比移动对数模型和指数模型更符合转Bt基因玉米残体中Cry1Ab蛋白在土壤中的残留动态。     

环境条件对转基因高粱Cry1Ab蛋白含量的影响

用Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac板式试剂盒测定了不同光照时间、不同温度和不同水平氮肥处理下,Cry1Ab蛋白在转基因高粱中的表达水平。结果表明,不同光照长度处理的Cry1Ab蛋白含量有较大差异,其顺序为12 h>16 h>18 h>14 h>10 h;不同温度处理对Cry1Ab蛋白含量也有较大差异,为25℃>30℃>20℃>35℃>40℃;不同施肥水平下对Cry1Ab蛋白量也有较大影响,作基肥的以300 kg.hm-2纯氮效果最佳。     

“克螟稻”后代cry1Ab基因表达特性及其对二化螟抗性的研究

 以不同世代的“克螟稻”为试验材料 ,在田间自然条件下研究了 cry1Ab基因在“克螟稻”后代中的表达特性及其对二化螟的抗性。结果表明 ,cry1Ab基因在“克螟稻”后代中的表达表现出了一定的时空特性。在时间上 ,主茎叶片中 Cry1Ab蛋白含量在孕穗期为最高 ,在抽穗期为最低 ,除苗期外 ,在其它各个时期 Cry1Ab蛋白含量差异均不显著 ;在空间上 ,主茎、一次分蘖和二次分蘖各部位 Cry1Ab蛋白含量均不同 ,但均以茎、叶、叶鞘中表达量较高 ,根中表达量则相对较低。在同一主茎或分蘖上 ,不同叶位、叶鞘及茎段 Cry1Ab蛋白含量均不同。对二化螟抗性的室内生物测定及田间自然条件下抗性的调查表明 ,不同世代的“克螟稻”后代均对二化螟具有极强的抗性 ,对二化螟初孵幼虫的致死率可达 10 0 %     

亚洲玉米螟miR-1a-5p表达与Cry1Ab蛋白敏感性的关系

【目的】探索亚洲玉米螟miR-1a-5p表达与Cry1Ab蛋白敏感性的关系,为揭示miRNA在昆虫Bt抗性产生过程中的作用提供依据。【方法】通过荧光定量PCR,研究亚洲玉米螟Cry1Ab抗性品系(ACB-AbR)和Bt敏感品系(ACB-BtS)表皮及中肠组织中miR-1a-5p的表达差异。以Sf9细胞为研究对象,通过转染miR-1a-5p促进剂(Mimics)或抑制剂(Inhibitor)改变细胞中miR-1a-5p的表达量,测定不同处理细胞对Cry1Ab蛋白的敏感性,探讨miR-1a-5p表达量改变后Sf9细胞对Cry1Ab蛋白的敏感性变化。通过荧光素酶报告试验,研究miR-1a-5p对潜在靶标基因Unigene12370_All的调控作用。【结果】ACB-AbR表皮组织中miR-1a-5p的表达量显著高于ACB-BtS表皮组织,ACB-AbR中肠组织中miR-1a-5p的表达量显著低于ACB-BtS中肠组织;ACB-AbR和ACB-BtS幼虫表皮组织中miR-1a-5p的表达量均显著高于其中肠组织。Sf9细胞miR-1a-5p表达量升高导致Sf9细胞对Cry1Ab蛋白的敏感性增强,反之亦然。荧光素酶报告试验结果提示,miR-1a-5p与靶标基因Unigene12370_All可以结合。【结论】亚洲玉米螟miR-1a-5p表达量的变化与其对Cry1Ab蛋白敏感性的改变有关。     

转Bt基因抗虫玉米根茬和根际土壤中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的田间降解动态

【目的】研究转cry1Ab杀虫蛋白基因玉米收获后玉米根茬及其根际土壤中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的降解动态,比较两种Bt玉米根茬和根际土壤中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的降解速度。【方法】以两种表达Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的Bt抗虫玉米MON810和Bt11为材料,采用ELISA方法测定玉米收获后根茬残体和根际土壤中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的田间降解动态。【结果】转Bt基因玉米根茬残体和根际土壤中杀虫蛋白是逐渐降解的,Bt玉米MON810根茬中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白含量较高,降解的速度也较慢,收获后8个月时还不能完全降解;Bt玉米Bt11根茬中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白含量较低,降解速度比MON810根茬中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白降解速度快,到7个月时已检测不到Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白。Bt玉米MON810根际土壤中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的降解较Bt11的慢,MON810和Bt11根际土壤分别在8个月和7个月时检测不到Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白。【结论】种植过Bt11和MON810抗虫玉米的田块,在第二年春播农作物已经出土时,其根茬和根际土壤中残留的Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白尚不能完全降解,还有少量残留。     

转Bt基因玉米幼苗残体中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白田间降解动态

 【目的】研究间苗后留在田间地表的转Bt基因玉米幼苗残体中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的降解规律，比较两种Bt玉米幼苗残体中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的降解速度。【方法】以两种表达Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的转Bt基因抗虫玉米MON810和Bt11为材料，采用ELISA方法测定各取样时期中幼苗残体中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白残留量。【结果】转Bt基因玉米幼苗残体中杀虫蛋白降解是逐渐的，且降解速度较快，到50 d时幼苗残体已经完全腐烂，Bt11幼苗残体中的杀虫蛋白已经完全降解，在MON810中还能检测到微量的杀虫蛋白。两种转基因玉米幼苗残体中的Bt杀虫蛋白的初始含量差异不显著，但在同一时间段的Bt杀虫蛋白降解速度存在差异均显著，在30 d前MON810幼苗残体中Bt杀虫蛋白降解速度比Bt11降解的快，30d后，则降解趋势相反，到50 d取样结束时MON810和Bt11分别降解了初始含量的99.81%和100%。【结论】两种转Bt基因玉米间苗后留在田间的幼苗残体中的Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白降解速度不同，在50 d完全腐烂时，其中的杀虫蛋白完全降解或仅有微量残留。     

两种转Bt基因棉杀虫蛋白Cry1Ac表达量的检测

用Envirologix Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac平板试剂盒检测了两种转Cry1Ac基因的棉花品系(NUCOTN33B、NUCOTN99B)以及常规对照品系(苏棉12)不同生育期主茎嫩叶、侧枝嫩叶、蕾及蕾的苞叶中杀虫蛋白Cry1Ac的含量.结果表明,两种转Bt基因棉主茎嫩叶杀虫蛋白Cry1Ac的含量随生育期的推移呈明显下降趋势,花铃期(NUCOTN33B和NUCOTN99B分别为4.43和2.93 μg·g-1)和吐絮期(3.87和2.86 μg·g-1)的含量分别降至苗期第6叶(7.64和8.38 μg·g-1)的58%、35%和51%、34%;相同时期的主茎嫩叶和侧枝嫩叶中Cry1Ac的含量均显著高于蕾及蕾的苞叶,前两者均为后两者的两倍以上.     

Studies on Rapid Quantitative Analysis of Bt Toxin by Using Envirologix Kits in Transgenic Rice

Investigations were done on the usefulness of Envirologix Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac Plate kits for quantitative analysis of Bt toxin content in transgenic rice grains. Two transgenic rice lines: Kemingdao 1 (KMD1) and Kemingdao 2 (KMD2), transformed with a cry1Ab gene, and their parental variety, cv.Xiushui 11, were used as positive and negative samples. Results showed that the correlation coefficients as high as 0. 985 - 0. 998, significant at probability level of 0.05 or 0.01, were obtained for linear regression equations by using the appended calibrators of the kits. No significant differences were detected for values of same rice sample obtained from different trials or by using different lots of the product (kit). The detectable Bt toxin content by this method could be as low as 0.5 ng/g. The Envirologix Kit could be useful for rapid quantitative detection of Bt toxin in rice grains because of its preciseness, simplicity and time saving.     

Impacts of Environmental Factors on Degradation of Cry1Ab Insecticidal Protein in Leaf-Blade Powders of Transgenic Bt Rice

The determination of the environmental fate of Bt insecticidal protein released by Bt rice plants in paddy soils is a key issue in its ecological risk assessment. In this study, the impacts of soil water content, pH, and temperature on the degradation of Cry1Ab protein expressed in the leaves of Bt rice KMD2 were studied in the laboratory. Three types of paddy soils were used, i.e., blue clayey paddy soil, pale paddy soil on quaternary red soil, and marine-fluvigenic yellow loamy paddy soil. Ground powders of KMD2 leaf blades were mixed with each type of soil, and degradation dynamics of Cry1Ab were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The degradation rate of Cry1Ab was high at the early experimental stage, but slowed down steadily at middle and later stages, which could be described by exponential equations, with the half-life period of degradation determined as 1.8-4.0 d. The soil water content, pH, and temperature could affect the degradation of Cry1Ab, but the effects of soil pH and temperature were relatively greater. In general,Cry 1 Ab degradations were slower under lower soil pH and temperature conditions, especially for marine-fluvigenic yellow loamy paddy soil.     

转Bt基因水稻的碳代谢特性

【目的】评价外源Bt基因导入对水稻碳代谢特性的影响。【方法】以转Bt基因水稻克螟稻1号及其非转基因亲本秀水11,以及克螟稻1号与3个杂交水稻恢复系明恢63、R3027和99亚162杂交和连续回交而育成的农艺性状和抗虫性稳定品系的3对近等基因系为材料,对叶绿素与可溶性糖含量、RuBP 羧化酶、蔗糖合成酶及蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性、干物质及有机碳积累量等碳代谢指标进行了测定。【结果】分蘖盛期克螟稻1号的叶绿素a含量、可溶性糖含量、干物质和有机碳含量均极显著低于秀水11（P＜0.01）,叶绿素b含量、蔗糖合成酶和蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性显著低于秀水11（P＜0.05）,但其它3对Bt水稻与非Bt水稻间所有生理指标均无显著差异;齐穗期克螟稻1号蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性显著高于秀水11,而干物质和有机碳积累量则显著低于秀水11;BtR3027蔗糖合成酶活性显著低于R3027,而Bt99亚162可溶性糖含量和蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性则显著高于99亚162;成熟期所有Bt水稻与各自非Bt水稻间干物质重和有机碳积累量差异均不显著。【结论】克螟稻1号大多数碳代谢指标的显著变化主要是由无性系变异引起的;3对近等基因系中Bt基因对个别碳代谢指标的影响是短暂的,且与Bt基因所处的遗传背景有关。     

转Bt(Cry1Ab)基因对水稻光合特性及光合产物积累的影响

 【目的】明确外源Bt基因插入对水稻倒1叶光合速率及光合作用相关生理特性的影响。【方法】以转Bt基因水稻及亲本水稻为试材,研究盆栽及田间条件下转Bt基因及亲本水稻苗期、拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期倒1叶光合特性及其相关光合酶活性、光合产物积累的动态变化。【结果】转Bt基因及亲本水稻生理活动峰值均出现在拔节期。与亲本水稻相比,转Bt基因水稻苗期叶片净光合速率显著低于亲本;而拔节期和抽穗期,转Bt基因水稻倒1叶净光合速率、叶绿素含量和乙醇酸氧化酶活性显著高于亲本水稻（P＜0.05）,且拔节期转Bt水稻倒1叶气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度也显著高于亲本水稻（P＜0.05）;成熟期,转Bt基因与亲本水稻倒1叶光合特性无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。【结论】与亲本水稻相比,外源Bt基因的插入对水稻叶片光合特性产生短暂影响,但这种影响不具有持续性。     

两种转Bt基因棉杀虫蛋白Cry1Ac表达量的检测

用EnvirologixCry1Ab/Cry1Ac平板试剂盒检测了两种转Cry1Ac基因的棉花品系 (NUCOTN33B、NUCOTN99B) 以及常规对照品系 (苏棉 12) 不同生育期主茎嫩叶、侧枝嫩叶、蕾及蕾的苞叶中杀虫蛋白Cry1Ac的含量。结果表明, 两种转Bt基因棉主茎嫩叶杀虫蛋白Cry1Ac的含量随生育期的推移呈明显下降趋势, 花铃期 (NUCOTN33B和NUCOTN99B分别为 4 43和 2 93μg·g-1 ) 和吐絮期 (3 87和 2 86μg·g-1 ) 的含量分别降至苗期第 6叶 (7 64和 8 38μg·g-1 )的 58%、35%和 51%、34%; 相同时期的主茎嫩叶和侧枝嫩叶中Cry1Ac的含量均显著高于蕾及蕾的苞叶, 前两者均为后两者的两倍以上。     

Thrips-mediated impacts from transgenic rice expressing Cry1Ab on ecological fitness of non-target predator Orius tantilus(Hemiptera:Anthocoridae)

Various rice lines have been genetically modified with genes from Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) to continuously produce Bt insecticidal proteins against lepidopteran larvae. The Bt insecticidal protein constantly expresses in the plants to create an opportunity for non-target herbivores to acquire and convey the protein to their predators or parasitoids across trophic levels. This paper evaluates the effects of Bt rice(namely, Kemindao 1(KMD1) and Kemindao 2(KMD2)) expressing Cry1 Ab as compared to its non-Bt control line, Xiushui 11 on non-target predator Orius tantilus(a generalist predatory anthocorid of thrips) under laboratory and field conditions. To measure several biological parameters such as total nymphal duration and fecundity of this bug, it was reared on thrips and pollens of KMD1 and KMD2 as compared to their control under laboratory conditions. By comparison with the control, Bt rice did not significantly affect main life-history characteristics(total nymphal duration, female adult longevity, oviposition period and fecundity) of this anthocorid preying on Bt rice-fed thrips along with Bt rice pollens, except that the fecundity of this predator for KMD1 was distinctly lower as compared with KMD2 or the control. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) results showed that no Cry1 Ab protein was detected in this predator fed on thrips or rice pollen from Bt rice but was in Bt rice pollens. With the beat plate, plastic bag and color trap sampling methods, two-year field monitoring of O. tantilus abundance demonstrated that Bt rice had no significant detrimental effects on the population dynamics and seasonal average densities of this predatory anthocorid as compared with the control. Thus, it is suggested that growing our tested Bt rice(KMD1 and KMD2) producing Cry1 Ab will pose a negligible risk to the anthocorid, O. tantilus.     

Impacts of Environmental Factors on Degradation of CrylAb Insecticidal Protein in Leaf-Blade Powders of Transgenic Bt Rice

The determination of the environmental fate of Bt insecticidal protein released by Bt rice plants in paddy soils is a key issue in its ecological risk assessment. In this study, the impacts of soil water content, pH, and temperature on the degradation of CrylAb protein expressed in the leaves of Bt rice KMD2 were studied in the laboratory. Three types of paddy soils were used, i.e., blue clayey paddy soil, pale paddy soil on quaternary red soil, and marine-fluvigenic yellow loamy paddy soil. Ground powders of KMD2 leaf blades were mixed with each type of soil, and degradation dynamics of Cry lAb were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The degradation rate of CrylAb was high at the early experimental stage, but slowed down steadily at middle and later stages, which could be described by exponential equations, with the half-life period of degradation determined as 1.8-4.0 d. The soil water content, pH, and temperature could affect the degradation of CrylAb, but the effects of soil pH and temperature were relatively greater. In general, CrylAb degradations were slower under lower soil pH and temperature conditions, especially for marine-fluvigenic yellow loamy paddy soil.