卫星搭载对紫花苜蓿当代植株生物量的影响(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of space flight factors on plant biomass in the generation of alfalfa carried by the satellite.[Method]Seeds from three lines of alfalfa were carried by the seed-breeding satellite Shijian-8.After the satellite returned to the ground,stem diameter,primary branch number and current-year individual biomass of alfalfa were studied.[Result]After space flight,primary branch number and current-year individual biomass of alfalfa increased significantly,while the stem diameter had no significant change.Using the value over(the mean value of control + three standard deviation)as a criterion to screen,the variants with enlarged stem diameter,increased primary branch number and individual biomass was two,five and twelve respectively.[Conclusion]The obtained variants can be used in the variety improvement of alfalfa and its new variety breeding,but whether its favorable variation can inherit stably to the progenies needs further study.     

腐殖酸钠对紫花苜蓿根系生长及生物量的影响

【目的】探索腐殖酸钠(SH)单施及其与磷肥(P)配施对紫花苜蓿根系生长的影响.【方法】采用盆栽试验,设6个SH施肥水平(SH,SH2,SH3,SH4,SH5,SH6)和2个磷肥施用水平(P1,P2),测定单株株高、单株地上及地下生物量、单株主根长、单株根表面积、单株根平均直径、单株根体积及根系活力.【结果】与对照(CK)相比,SH单施及其与P配施对紫花苜蓿主根长、根表面积、根平均直径、根体积、根系活力、地下生物量、株高及地上生物量均有显著地促进作用,且促进程度表现为SH-P1SH-P2SH;同时,紫花苜蓿地下根系性状与地上部性状呈极显著正相关(P0.01).在SH-P1处理组中,根系各形态指标、根系活力、株高及植株生物量随SH施用量的增加而增加,但当其增至一定程度(SH4或SH5)后开始呈下降趋势.综合分析可得,SH5-P1处理综合表现最好,且获得的地下生物量与地上生物量最高.【结论】试验肥效最佳的处理组合为SH5-P1,即腐殖酸钠为11.25g/盆,磷肥为3.41g/盆.     

3种紫色土对紫花苜蓿根系发育及生物量构成的影响

以2种在四川地区表现较好的紫花苜蓿引进品种为材料,比较其在3种不同土壤上根系发育及生物量构成差异。结果表明:不同苜蓿品种对土壤的适宜性不同,盛世苜蓿在紫色粘壤中生长最好,单株生物量可达39.828g,而其在紫色粘土中生长最差,单株生物量仅为10.96g;四季绿苜蓿在紫色砂壤中生长最为适宜,单株生物量可达45.788g,而其在紫色粘壤中表现最差,单株生物量仅为27.094g。对2个苜蓿品种的地上、地下各指标进行相关分析,结果表明:地上部分各个指标间均呈极显著正相关;地下部分各指标中,除主根长外,其余各指标(包括侧根数、最长侧根长、鲜根重和根体积)间都呈极显著正相关;地下各指标中根体积、鲜根重、侧根数、最长侧根长与地上部分各个指标都呈极显著正相关,而主根长仅与分枝数呈极显著正相关,与地上部分其他指标相关性并不显著。     

卫星搭载对紫花苜蓿二代种子诱变效应的研究

[目的]探寻空间诱变环境对苜蓿搭载二代种子的影响,为苜蓿诱变育种提供理论基础。[方法]2006年9月,三个品系的苜蓿干种子通过＂实践八号＂育种卫星进行空间搭载。返地后,经过地面种植,对其二代种子千粒重、发芽率、硬实种子数和苗重指标进行测试。[结果]与地面对照相比,搭载种子的千粒重增加了5%～9%。发芽试验结果表明,搭载后苜蓿二代种子发芽率、种苗苗重、芽长和根长显著增加（P〈0.05）,硬实种子数、霉变种子数显著减少（P〈0.05）。[结论]空间诱变对苜蓿二代种子有显著的正向诱变效应。     

施用根瘤茵及石灰对紫花苜蓿生长的影响

试验结果表明，接种根瘤菌后，紫花苜蓿在盛花期的根瘤数显著提高，分枝数、鲜重、干重皆高于对照；施用石灰后，紫花苜蓿的根鲜重、根瘤数、株高、鲜重、干重、分枝数都高于对照。以产量为指标分析根瘤菌及石灰对紫花苜蓿生长的影响，根瘤菌使用水平以10～20g／hm^2为宜，石灰使用量宜为3000kg／hm^2。     

硒钴对沙质土盆栽紫花苜蓿地上生物量和品质的影响

【目的】研究硒钴肥对贫瘠土壤中紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)的地上生物量和品质的影响,了解硒钴肥的施用效果并确定最佳施肥量,以期为西北地区紫花苜蓿种植过程中硒钴肥的施用提供一定的理论依据.【方法】采用盆栽试验,设置4个硒肥水平分别为1.0、3.0、5.0、7.0mg/盆(即0.163、0.488、0.813、1.138kg/hm~2);4个钴肥水平分别为2.0、4.0、8.0、16.0mg/盆(即0.325、0.650、1.300、2.600kg/hm~2).以硒肥、钴肥施用量为0的处理为对照(CK),重复4次.【结果】两茬苜蓿的干草、鲜草产量以硒肥施用量为5.0mg/盆,钴肥使用量为8.0mg/盆时最高,与对照CK呈显著性差异(P0.05);硒钴肥施用量对两茬苜蓿的品质影响则各有不同,对粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量均有提高,对中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量则有降低,各营养品质指标均与对照CK呈显著性差异(P0.05).【结论】在种植第一年中,硒钴肥配施可以提高紫花苜蓿草产量及改善其品质.推荐硒、钴配施的用量分别为0.813kg/hm2、1.300kg/hm~2.     

关中地区紫花苜蓿生物量累积及土壤水分利用规律的研究

以关中紫花苜蓿为材料研究了杨陵地区紫花苜蓿地上生物量、土壤水分及它们之间相互关系.结果表明,3年生紫花苜蓿株高与产量呈极显著正相关,盛花期刈割时,鲜草产量达到40 970 kg/hm2;紫花苜蓿生长的地上生物量以第1茬最高,水分利用率以第2茬最高,第3茬最小;紫花苜蓿0～2m土壤水分变化与降水及苜蓿不同发育期的吸收特性相关.     

施用根瘤菌及石灰对紫花苜蓿生长的影响

试验结果表明,接种根瘤菌后,紫花苜蓿在盛花期的根瘤数显著提高,分枝数、鲜重、干重皆高于对照;施用石灰后,紫花苜蓿的根鲜重、根瘤数、株高、鲜重、干重、分枝数都高于对照。以产量为指标分析根瘤菌及石灰对紫花苜蓿生长的影响,根瘤菌使用水平以10~20g/hm2为宜,石灰使用量宜为3000kg/hm2。     

生育年限对紫花苜蓿地上部生长的影响

2006年2—5月对杨凌区3年生扣5年生紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L．）的株高、单株重量、产草量、生长速率、茎叶比、鲜干比和群落结构进行测定分析。结果表明5年生紫花苜蓿株高为132cm,大于3年生紫花苜蓿109cm（P〈01．01）;5年生紫花苜蓿单株重量152g／株,大于3年生紫花苜蓿102g／株（P〈0．01）;5年生紫花苜蓿的茎叶比0．43-1．67。小于3年生紫花苜蓿0．58—2．42。5年生紫花苜蓿产草量高于3年生紫花苜蓿（P〈0．01）,盛花期刈割时,鲜草产量分别达到6．17kg／m^2和4．10kg／m^2;5年生紫花苜蓿的鲜干比4．01—6．69,小于3年生紫花苜蓿4．12—7．26（P〈0．01）。紫花苜蓿叶的最高密度位于地上80—100cm层内;花序的最高密度位于120-140cm层内;40cm以下的生物量以茎为主,茎重由下层至上层递减;紫花苜蓿的茎叶比随植株高度的增加在不断的增大,60—140cm之间各个层次3年生紫花苜蓿的茎叶比均大于5年生紫花苜蓿（P〈O．01）。     

苜蓿种子空间诱变生物学效应研究初报(英文)

[Objective] The study aimed to understand the mutagenic effects of space flight on alfalfa seeds.[Method] Seeds of three lines of alfalfa were carried into orbit by the satellite 'Shijian-8' for space fight,the indices including seed germination rate,plant height and growth rate,were measured after the seeds been retrieved.[Result] Remarkable mutagenic effects occurred on the flight seeds,which were mainly presented by abnormal cotyledon,extended variation range of plant height and growth rate.Nineteen plants with increased plant height were preliminarily screened from the T0 progenies,but whether the mutated trait could inherit should be confirmed in further study.Three flight lines of alfalfa are different in the percentages of abnormal cotyledon(10%-18%),variation range of plant height(increased 30%-150% compared to control),selected plant number with increased plant height(5-7 plants),suggesting that differences exits between the three lines in mutation efficiency.[Conclusion] Valuable mutated materials could be obtained by space flight and applied in modern agriculture.     

苜蓿种子空间诱变生物学效应研究初报(英文)

[Objective] The study aimed to understand the mutagenic effects of space flight on alfalfa seeds.[Method] Seeds of three lines of alfalfa were carried into orbit by the satellite ’Shijian-8’ for space fight,the indices including seed germination rate,plant height and growth rate,were measured after the seeds been retrieved.[Result] Remarkable mutagenic effects occurred on the flight seeds,which were mainly presented by abnormal cotyledon,extended variation range of plant height and growth rate.Nineteen plants with increased plant height were preliminarily screened from the T0 progenies,but whether the mutated trait could inherit should be confirmed in further study.Three flight lines of alfalfa are different in the percentages of abnormal cotyledon(10%-18%),variation range of plant height(increased 30%-150% compared to control),selected plant number with increased plant height(5-7 plants),suggesting that differences exits between the three lines in mutation efficiency.[Conclusion] Valuable mutated materials could be obtained by space flight and applied in modern agriculture.     

Preliminary Study on the Mutagenic Effects of Space Flight on Alfalfa Seeds

[Objective] The study aimed to understand the mutagenic effects of space flight on alfalfa seeds.[Method] Seeds of three lines of alfalfa were carried into orbit by the satellite 'Shijian-8' for space fight,the indices including seed germination rate,plant height and growth rate,were measured after the seeds been retrieved.[Result] Remarkable mutagenic effects occurred on the flight seeds,which were mainly presented by abnormal cotyledon,extended variation range of plant height and growth rate.Nineteen plants with increased plant height were preliminarily screened from the T0 progenies,but whether the mutated trait could inherit should be confirmed in further study.Three flight lines of alfalfa are different in the percentages of abnormal cotyledon(10%-18%),variation range of plant height(increased 30%-150% compared to control),selected plant number with increased plant height(5-7 plants),suggesting that differences exits between the three lines in mutation efficiency.[Conclusion] Valuable mutated materials could be obtained by space flight and applied in modern agriculture.     

苜蓿种子空间诱变生物学效应研究初报

[目的]了解苜蓿种子空间诱变的生物学效应。[方法]3个品系的苜蓿种子搭载"实践八号"育种卫星飞行,返地后,对其种子出苗率、株高及生长速度等指标进行测试。[结果]卫星搭载对苜蓿种子有显著的诱变效应,主要表现在子叶畸变、株高变异范围和生长速度等方面。通过初步筛选,在搭载当代获得了高株变异,但该变异是否可遗传还需进一步研究确认。搭载的3个品系在子叶畸变率(10%~18%)、株高变异范围(比对照增加30%~150%)、入选变异高株数(5~7株)等方面不同,说明3个品系的搭载效率存在差异。[结论]通过空间诱变可获得有价值的变异材料,服务于现代农业。     

航天搭载紫花苜蓿连续后代变异株系选育

空间诱变作为一种新的物理诱变手段,已被用于多种生物材料的诱导变异。在筛选出航天搭载紫花苜蓿第1代突变单株的基础上,为后续世代的高品质选育工作提出建议和方法,旨在利用分子标记技术结合生理生化手段,分析飞船搭载后种子的多代植株基因组的多态性,跟踪分析突变株系与前后代基因组多态性的关系,以了解基因组多态性在世代之间的遗传规律,探讨空间诱变的基因组变异特点。     

高粱航天新不育系与恢复系的配合力分析

为了尽快鉴定高粱航天新恢复系和不育系的配合力和遗传力,采用双列不完全杂交法分析了高粱新选航天新不育系与恢复系的配合力。结果表明,不育系中产量、穗粒重的一般配合力较高的有52A和55A,恢复系中一般配合力较高的有sp42和sp46。在穗粒重性状上特殊配合力最高的组合是52A×sp46。加性方差与基因型方差的比值依次之顺序是穗粒重>株高>穗粒数>产量>千粒重>穗长。杂交种产量的髙低取决于双亲一般配合力和特殊配合力效应较高的组合,试验中52A×sp46,52A×sp42是两个较优的杂交组合。     

卫星搭载牛膝种子SP1植株的生物学特性

利用返回式卫星搭载牛膝种子为材料,研究卫星搭载对其SP1植株生物学特性的影响。种子发芽出苗后调查植株的部分农艺学性状、测定某些生理生化指标并分析几种同工酶谱的变化。搭载种子获得的牛膝植株生长旺盛,植株株高比对照高;叶绿素a、叶绿素b、可溶性糖、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质以及赤霉素含量与对照相比均有不同程度的差异;卫星搭载的牛膝中有1株的SOD同工酶谱缺失一条谱带;有3株的CAT同工酶谱带比对照牛膝明显减少;Amy的同工酶谱带与对照牛膝基本一致,但有3株的Amy活性高于对照。由卫星搭载牛膝种子获得的SP1植株与对照植株有明显差异。