麦冬块根提取物对稻瘟病菌丝及苗期稻瘟病发生的抑制效果

采用不同浓度来自70%甲醇溶液的麦冬块根提取物对2种产自日本的稻瘟病菌生理小种菌株MAFF305480和MAFF101002的菌丝生长及其接种诱发水稻幼苗稻瘟病发生的抑制效果进行评价.试验表明:含有麦冬块根提取物的原液1/10,1/20,1/40以及1/80浓度都能明显抑制稻瘟病菌小种菌株(MAFF305480和MAFF101002)]菌丝生长,抑制率均56.4%以上,对接种诱发稻瘟病的水稻幼苗处理发现,幼苗植株发病级数为明显下降,抑制率均38.4%以上,并且都随着处理浓度提高抑制效果明显提高.研究结果表明,麦冬块根提取物中含有抑制稻瘟病菌生长的化学物质,并且能直接抑制稻瘟病菌发生和生长.     

硝酸镍对水稻抗白叶枯病的诱导作用

硝酸镍溶液喷施处理后 ,水稻幼苗的白叶枯病发病程度降低 .经平板测定 ,硝酸镍对稻白叶枯菌只有轻微的直接毒性 ,表明水稻幼苗白叶枯病病情减弱 ,主要由于硝酸镍诱导了水稻幼苗对白叶枯病的抗性 .0 .0 5～2 .75 mmol/ L的硝酸镍均有明显的诱抗作用 ,其中 2 .2 m mol/ L为最佳诱导浓度 .2 .2 m mol/ L硝酸镍喷施处理后 ,水稻幼苗叶片病斑长比对照降低了 6 9.6 % .处理后第 3d水稻幼苗表现出最大的诱导抗性 .用 2 .2 mm ol/ L喷雾处理第 3叶以下部位 ,第 4d挑战接种第 3叶 ,使第 3叶产生了对白叶枯病的系统抗性 ,相对诱导效果达 42 .9% .硝酸镍的诱导抗病作用持续 2 1 d左右     

农抗702诱导水稻抗瘟性研究

为探讨农抗702诱导水稻抗瘟性,分别采用稻瘟病易感水稻品种陆两优996和农抗702为试验材料,首先在水稻3叶1心时,将不同浓度的供试农抗702分别进行喷施,进行诱导水稻抗瘟性作用最佳浓度的筛选;然后在水稻7个不同生长发育期进行喷施药液,进行诱导抗瘟性的水稻最佳生长期和抗瘟性持续时间的测定。各试验处理喷施药液后4 d后分别接种稻瘟病菌孢子液,7 d后分别调查不同试验处理的病情指数和发病率及诱抗效果。结果表明:供试6种不同浓度的农抗702均能诱导水稻产生抗瘟性,且抗瘟性作用的较佳浓度为15μg/m L;在水稻7个不同生长发育期分别喷施浓度为15μg/m L的农抗702,均能诱导水稻抗瘟性,诱导抗瘟性较佳生长期为水稻3叶1心期,其诱抗效果达到56.56%;且水稻抗瘟性作用最佳时期为喷施后48~96 h,其诱导水稻抗瘟性的持续时间超过144 h。研究为农抗702进一步研发和防治水稻稻瘟病方法的应用提供有益的试验数据。     

农抗702诱导水稻抗瘟性对水稻丙二醛含量及抗氧化酶活性的影响

在水稻品种陆两优996三叶一心时,分别喷施15μg/m L农抗702、15μg/m L井冈霉素、蒸馏水,在喷雾48 h后接种稻瘟病菌,以只喷蒸馏水、不接种稻瘟病菌为空白对照,研究了农抗702诱导抗瘟性对水稻丙二醛(MDA)含量及5种抗氧化酶活性的影响。研究结果表明:与空白对照相比,农抗702处理、井冈霉素处理和只接种稻瘟病菌处理的水稻叶片中MDA含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、脂氧合酶(LOX)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)的活性均有所提高,其中农抗702处理的水稻MDA含量以及SOD、CAT和POD活性在早期显著高于只接种稻瘟病菌处理的,且APX和LOX活性上升速度及峰值高度也均高于后者的;农抗702处理的诱导抗瘟性效果能够达到或超过井冈霉素处理的。     

农抗702诱导水稻抗瘟性对水稻丙二醛含量及抗氧化酶活性的影响

在水稻品种陆两优996三叶一心时,分别喷施15μg/m L农抗702、15μg/m L井冈霉素、蒸馏水,在喷雾48 h后接种稻瘟病菌,以只喷蒸馏水、不接种稻瘟病菌为空白对照,研究了农抗702诱导抗瘟性对水稻丙二醛(MDA)含量及5种抗氧化酶活性的影响。研究结果表明:与空白对照相比,农抗702处理、井冈霉素处理和只接种稻瘟病菌处理的水稻叶片中MDA含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、脂氧合酶(LOX)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)的活性均有所提高,其中农抗702处理的水稻MDA含量以及SOD、CAT和POD活性在早期显著高于只接种稻瘟病菌处理的,且APX和LOX活性上升速度及峰值高度也均高于后者的;农抗702处理的诱导抗瘟性效果能够达到或超过井冈霉素处理的。     

褪黑素增强盐害条件下水稻幼苗对稻瘟病的抗病能力

[目的]探讨盐害条件下褪黑素对水稻抗稻瘟病的影响。[方法]采用3个浓度褪黑素处理生长在盐害(50 mmol/L)条件下的水稻幼苗,并接种稻瘟菌,调查不同时间发病率并检测叶片保护酶活力。[结果]盐胁迫能显著降低水稻抗稻瘟病能力。不同浓度(0、0.1和1.0 mmol/L)褪黑素水溶液处理能显著增强水稻对稻瘟病的抗病能力,并增强水稻叶片超氧化物歧化酶和多酚氧化酶的活力。[结论]褪黑素能激活这些保护酶从而增强盐害条件下水稻抗稻瘟病的能力。     

稀土镧对水稻幼苗生长及叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响

在水稻幼苗2叶1心期,采用不同浓度的硝酸镧溶液处理水稻幼苗,考察其对水稻幼苗生长、体内抗氧化酶活性和叶片叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响.研究结果表明: 0.3 mg/L硝酸镧处理在促进水稻幼苗地上部的生长效果最佳,表现在幼苗高度、干重及鲜重分别比对照增加17.27%、24.83%和19.30%;而硝酸镧处理浓度为0.6 mg/L时促进水稻根系生长效果最佳,根系长度、干重及鲜重分别比对照增加18.87%、46.36%和10.07%.0.9～1.5 mg/L硝酸镧处理后能较大幅度地提高水稻叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,而0.3～0.6 mg/L硝酸镧处理能较大程度地提高水稻根中SOD活性.过氧化物酶(POD)活性提高与SOD活性提高趋势一致.0.6 mg/L硝酸镧处理能降低叶绿素荧光参数Fo、提高Fm和Fv.不同的硝酸镧浓度处理能提高ETR、ΦPSⅡ和qP,减小NPQ,提高光合作用中PSⅡ的运行效率.因此低浓度(0.3～0.9 mg/L)硝酸镧处理对水稻幼苗的生长发育有利.     

外源激素对低温胁迫下南美油藤幼苗叶片生理生化指标的影响

[目的]探索南美油藤幼苗的抗冷害机制,为我国南美油藤幼苗低温胁迫适应性研究提供一定的理论参考和支持.[方法]利用脱落酸(ABA)和赤霉素(GA3)两种外源激素作为诱导剂,测定南美油藤幼苗在4℃低温胁迫下不同激素和不同浓度处理下的幼苗叶片膜系统[相对电导率(REC),丙二醛(MDA)含量]、渗透调节物质[可溶性蛋白(SP),可溶性糖(SS)]和氧化酶[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)]活性等生理生化指标随处理时间的变化.[结果]南美油藤幼苗叶片喷施10μmol/L ABA后经低温胁迫能显著降低其膜系统REC和MDA含量(P<0.05,下同),而喷施10 mg/L GA3能有效降低其MDA含量;南美油藤幼苗叶片喷施10μmol/L ABA后经低温胁迫能显著增加其SP和SS含量,而喷施GA3南美油藤幼苗叶片SP和SS含量的增加效果不显著(P>0.05,下同);喷施10μmol/L ABA后经低温胁迫均能有效提高幼苗叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性,喷施10 mg/L GA3可适当提高其POD活性,5 mg/L GA3能在一定程度上提高其CAT活性,但随着低温处理时间的延长,喷施GA3对南美油藤幼苗叶片中CAT活性增强效果不显著.对7种生理生化指标的Pearson相关性分析结果显示,SOD、POD和CAT 3种氧化酶活性间存在正相关关系,且POD与REC呈负相关,CAT与REC和MDA含量呈负相关,故增强SOD、POD和CAT的活性,可适当降低REC和MDA含量,提高南美油藤幼苗的抗冷害能力.SP和SS均与3种氧化酶活性呈正相关,且SS与REC和MDA呈负相关,因此增加SP和SS含量对南美油藤幼苗抵抗冷害能力有积极的作用.[结论]喷施适当浓度的外源激素ABA(10μmol/L)和GA3(5~10 mg/L)能有效提高南美油藤幼苗的抗冷害能力.     

外源物质处理对番茄抗冷性的影响

以番茄为材料,利用不同浓度的外源生长调节物质处理番茄幼苗期幼苗,测定各项生理生化指标数值.结果表明,经过脱落酸、水杨酸、多效唑、茉莉酸外源诱导的番茄幼苗抗冷性明显高于对照.随着诱导浓度的增大,抗寒性逐渐增强,相对电导率逐渐降低,当脱落酸浓度为200μg/g和水杨酸浓度为400 mg/L时,相对电导率降低近一倍;脯氨酸和可溶蛋白都随着处理浓度的增大显著提高,过氧化物酶的活性随处理浓度的增大而逐渐减少.在不同浓度的处理下,ABA浓度增长量同比增长最大为浓度100 μg/g和150μg/g;水杨酸浓度增长量同比增长最大为浓度300 mg/L;多效唑浓度增长量同比增长最大为60 mg/L;茉莉酸浓度增长量同比增长最大为200 mg/L.外源生长调节物质处理使植株的抗冷性提高,但在品种上有差异,对抗冷性强的品种效果明显.     

乙烯利诱导黄瓜叶片胞间隙几丁质酶累积的变化

以"津春4号"黄瓜为试材,研究喷施不同质量浓度乙烯利对黄瓜幼苗叶片胞间隙液几丁质酶的诱导积累及对幼苗生长的影响。结果显示,与对照相比,乙烯利处理后黄瓜叶片胞间隙液蛋白质量浓度增加;几丁质酶活性水平也随乙烯利处理质量浓度的增加出现不同幅度上升,其中,252mg/L的乙烯利对几丁质酶诱导作用最强;通过SDS-PAGE电泳,观察到252mg/L乙烯利处理后第1天,一种27.0ku几丁质酶在胞间隙积累,并在随后的取样时间显著表达。Western blotting分析进一步证实了上述结果。此外,与对照相比,质量浓度分别为126mg/L和252mg/L乙烯利处理后第7天,黄瓜幼苗株高增量显著降低,252mg/L处理的茎粗增量显著增加。乙烯利可以诱导黄瓜叶片胞间隙几丁质酶的累积,诱导的效果与黄瓜叶片对乙烯利质量浓度的感受直接相关。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

锌对镉·汞复合污染下豌豆幼苗生长的影响

以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。