不同条件对大肠杆菌K12转化质粒pKD46效率研究

研究了不同处理方法、不同生长时期以及热激时间等因素对Escherichia coli K12转化质粒pKD46效率的影响。结果表明,在OD600为0.43时,利用RbCl法制备的新鲜感受态细胞,在42℃热激90s时,对质粒pKD46的转化效率最高,可达到5.4×106。同时,优化了其他影响转化效率的因素。     

大肠杆菌中dctA基因敲除及其苹果酸摄取功能鉴定

大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)K12基因组中,仅dctA基因编码1个在有氧条件下负责摄取四碳-二羧酸的转运蛋白。为鉴定Dct A能否摄取四碳-2-羟基羧酸(如苹果酸),首先以p KD3为模版PCR扩增含有氯霉素抗性dctA基因同源臂,电转入E.coli K12/p KD46感受态细胞,筛选具有氯霉素抗性的基因敲除突变株E.coliΔdctA/p KD46。通过消除质粒p KD46构建大肠杆菌dctA基因敲除突变株E.coliΔdctA。构建dctA基因表达载体p Easy T3-dctA。通过苹果酸摄取功能互补试验,证实基因敲除菌株E.coliΔdctA丧失摄取苹果酸功能,四碳-二羧酸摄取蛋白Dct A具有摄取苹果酸功能。研究首次报道Dct A具有摄取苹果酸功能,该基因敲除突变株的构建可为其他菌株来源2-HCT转运蛋白的基因克隆与功能分析奠定基础。     

r and K Selection in Experimental Populations of Escherichia coli

Populations were adapted in vitro under density-dependent and density-independent population controls. Comparison of strains fails to demonstrate any trade-off in adaptation under these population controls.     

A fine-scale map of recombination rates and hotspots across the human genome

Genetic maps, which document the way in which recombination rates vary over a genome, are an essential tool for many genetic analyses. We present a high-resolution genetic map of the human genome, based on statistical analyses of genetic variation data, and identify more than 25,000 recombination hotspots, together with motifs and sequence contexts that play a role in hotspot activity. Differences between the behavior of recombination rates over large (megabase) and small (kilobase) scales lead us to suggest a two-stage model for recombination in which hotspots are stochastic features, within a framework in which large-scale rates are constrained.     

流加培养方式对大肠杆菌XD-12发酵的影响研究

[目的]研究大肠杆菌流加培养方式,提高转氨酶供体——大肠杆菌XD-12的发酵浓度。[方法]通过研究碳源流加、氮源流加、pH控制流加对发酵的影响,获得了优化的培养条件。[结果]产转氨酶大肠杆菌的最佳培养条件为：温度37℃,搅拌转速500 r/m in,通气量1.5 L/m in,培养基初始pH为7.0,控制发酵过程pH为7.5,初始葡萄糖浓度5 g/L,初始氮源为5 g/L蛋白胨＋1.5 g/L牛肉膏,从葡萄糖浓度下降为2 g/L开始每隔2 h间歇流加120 g/L的糖,从8 h起每隔2 h间歇流加15 g/L蛋白胨＋4.5 g/L牛肉膏。在此条件下培养24 h,大肠杆菌的菌体干重浓度达9.66 g/L,较分批培养提高了104.7%。[结论]这对降低酶法制备L-苯丙氨酸的生产成本、提高生产效率、满足日益增长的市场需求具有重要的现实意义。     

藻类叶绿体DNA和基因图谱

叶绿体遗传学的研究最早可追溯到上世纪末,Ｓｔｒａｓｂｕｒｇｅｒ最早观察到藻类叶绿体能够分裂,并在细胞分裂过程中完成了分裂的叶绿体分别进入子代细胞。同时其他研究者也认为,叶绿体是已经存在的质体分裂形成的。随后,Ｂａｕｒ和Ｃｏｒｒｎｅ认为紫茉莉枝条三种不同颜色的花斑性状是由母本细胞质传递的,与核基因没有直接关系,从而产生了叶绿体自主性遗传概念［１］。现已逐步知道植物细胞的核基因组和叶绿体基因组之间存在复杂相互作用关系,叶绿体遗传应属于半自主系统（ Ｓｅｍｉａｕｔｏｎｏｍｏｕｓ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ）。在应用电…     

Expanding the genetic code of Escherichia coli

A unique transfer RNA (tRNA)/aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase pair has been generated that expands the number of genetically encoded amino acids in Escherichia coli. When introduced into E. coli, this pair leads to the in vivo incorporation of the synthetic amino acid O-methyl-l-tyrosine into protein in response to an amber nonsense codon. The fidelity of translation is greater than 99%, as determined by analysis of dihydrofolate reductase containing the unnatural amino acid. This approach should provide a general method for increasing the genetic repertoire of living cells to include a variety of amino acids with novel structural, chemical, and physical properties not found in the common 20 amino acids.     

Isolation of a bacteriophage specific for the F plus and Hfr mating types of Escherichia coli K-12

Seven phage stocks have been prepared from a sample of sewerage. The stocks grow only on the F+ and Hfr mating types of Escherichia coli strain K-12. This specificity is not shared by any previously characterized phage which was tested. The specificity of one of the isolates, f1, has been well correlated with the salmonella cross-streak test described by Zinder.     

鸡大肠杆菌(HJ20株)与人大肠杆菌(RHU845)P型菌毛同源性分析

运用Goldkey电脑软件对鸡源大肠杆菌与人源大肠杆菌P型菌毛蛋白结构基因序列、氨基酸序列、二级结构进行了比较分析,二者结构基因序列相似性82.5%.二者P型菌毛的信号肽序列基本相同,氨基酸序列相似性83.7%,并且菌毛蛋白在二级结构上存在较多的相似性.     

纳米蒙脱石对大肠杆菌吸附作用的研究

采用纳米蒙脱石和普通蒙脱石与大肠杆菌的体外对比吸附检测的方法，结果发现纳米蒙脱石的吸附能力明显提高，为纳米蒙脱石应用于医药领域提供了证据。     

响应曲面法优化大肠杆菌XD-12发酵培养基的研究

[目的]采用响应面法优化大肠杆菌XD-12发酵培养基,以提高转氨酶的转化得率。[方法]在单因素试验基础上,采用响应曲面法对菌种的发酵培养基进行了优化研究。[结果]最佳的培养基组成为：葡萄糖10.0 g/L,玉米浆28.3 ml/L,蛋白胨9.3g/L,MgSO_4 0.5g/L,NaCl 0.5g/L,pH值7.2,在此条件下,酶转化得率的预测最优值为93.8%,实际平均值为93.0%。[结论]模型能够较好地预测实际发酵情况,用于大肠杆菌发酵产酶培养基的优化是可行的。     

Emergent properties of reduced-genome Escherichia coli

With the use of synthetic biology, we reduced the Escherichia coli K-12 genome by making planned, precise deletions. The multiple-deletion series (MDS) strains, with genome reductions up to 15%, were designed by identifying nonessential genes and sequences for elimination, including recombinogenic or mobile DNA and cryptic virulence genes, while preserving good growth profiles and protein production. Genome reduction also led to unanticipated beneficial properties: high electroporation efficiency and accurate propagation of recombinant genes and plasmids that were unstable in other strains. Eradication of stress-induced transposition evidently stabilized the MDS genomes and provided some of the new properties.     

Structure of the multidrug transporter EmrD from Escherichia coli

EmrD is a multidrug transporter from the Major Facilitator Superfamily that expels amphipathic compounds across the inner membrane of Escherichia coli. Here, we report the x-ray structure of EmrD determined to a resolution of 3.5 angstroms. The structure reveals an interior that is composed mostly of hydrophobic residues, which is consistent with its role transporting amphipathic molecules. Two long loops extend into the inner leaflet side of the cell membrane. This region can serve to recognize and bind substrate directly from the lipid bilayer. We propose that multisubstrate specificity, binding, and transport are facilitated by these loop regions and the internal cavity.     

Expanding the genetic code of Escherichia coli with phosphoserine

O-Phosphoserine (Sep), the most abundant phosphoamino acid in the eukaryotic phosphoproteome, is not encoded in the genetic code, but synthesized posttranslationally. Here, we present an engineered system for specific cotranslational Sep incorporation (directed by UAG) into any desired position in a protein by an Escherichia coli strain that harbors a Sep-accepting transfer RNA (tRNA(Sep)), its cognate Sep-tRNA synthetase (SepRS), and an engineered EF-Tu (EF-Sep). Expanding the genetic code rested on reengineering EF-Tu to relax its quality-control function and permit Sep-tRNA(Sep) binding. To test our system, we synthesized the activated form of human mitogen-activated ERK activating kinase 1 (MEK1) with either one or two Sep residues cotranslationally inserted in their canonical positions (Sep(218), Sep(222)). This system has general utility in protein engineering, molecular biology, and disease research.     

猪肠毒素大肠杆菌F4受体的微卫星标记筛选

从猪13号染色体选取与肠毒素大肠杆菌(ETEC)F4受体基因连锁的8个微卫星座位,研究不同猪种间的遗传特性,并分析不同基因型与F4受体黏附表型的关系.结果表明,2个地方猪种(五指山猪和沙子岭猪)和2个外来猪种(大约克猪和杜洛克猪)在8个基因座均具有高度多态性,杂合度为0.6117～0.7500,多态信息含量在0.5749以上.对大约克猪和沙子岭猪的F4黏附性和微卫星的关联研究表明,在微卫星座位S0223和SW207,2个猪种不同基因型在F4ab和F4ac血清型黏附表型上差异显著或极显著,可能F4ab和F4ac受体就位于这2个位点之间.这2个微卫星座位可望作为ETECF4抗性基因的遗传标记.