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水稻二化螟为害特点及绿色防控技术 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
《现代农业科技》2020,(9)
二化螟是寿县水稻生产中常发的害虫之一,必须重视其绿色防控工作。本文结合寿县水稻生产实际,总结了水稻二化螟发生为害的特点,分析了发生原因,最后从农业防治、物理生化诱控、生物防治、免疫诱控、药剂防治等方面总结了绿色防控技术,以期为二化螟绿色防控提供参考。 相似文献
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张国凤 《世界热带农业信息》2019,(4):54-54
枸杞病虫害具有多发性、频发性的特点,目前实际生产中依然以化学药剂防治为主控措施,不仅导致了枸杞产品农药残留超标,而且进入土壤中的农药造成二次污染,给农业生态环境带来了极大的威胁。宁夏农林科学院植保所针对枸杞害虫防治缺乏纯生物制剂和农药残留的问题,研发出3个植物源杀虫剂:“乳浆大戟植物杀虫水乳剂”“金雀花碱苦参碱杀虫水乳剂”和“一种防治枸杞蓟马植物源农药”,取得了3项国家发明专利授权。 相似文献
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为探讨诱集植物对设施栽培草莓上西花蓟马的诱集效果,利用Y型嗅觉测定仪测定了茉莉、栀子花、马鞭草、星空牵牛花、油豆角、红月季和茄子7种植物对西花蓟马的诱集效果,并在田间研究了诱集植物的不同种植方位(东、西、南、北、中)、种植方式(点状种植和片状种植)和种植密度(与草莓苗的种植比例分别为1∶4、1∶7和1∶11)对西花蓟马的诱集效果。结果表明,西花蓟马对7种诱集植物的偏好性表现为茉莉>栀子花>马鞭草>星空牵牛花>油豆角>红月季>茄子。西花蓟马对不同诱集植物和草莓之间的选择性试验结果表明,茉莉为诱集西花蓟马效果最好的植物,最适宜开展后续的与草莓间作的西花蓟马田间诱集效果试验。田间试验中,方位南种植的茉莉最早诱集到西花蓟马,且在整个调查期内诱集到的数量最多;东、西、南、北4个方位种植的茉莉诱集到的西花蓟马数量先增加后略有下降;而方位中种植的茉莉诱集到的西花蓟马数量则表现持续升高,但没有方位南诱集到的西花蓟马数量多。在整个调查时段,点状种植区茉莉诱集到的西花蓟马数量均显著高于片状种植区;4月15日,点状种植区茉莉先诱集到西花蓟马;5月15日,点状种植区和片状种... 相似文献
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Thrips: Pests of Concern to China and the United States 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Thrips are among the most important agricultural pests globally because of the damage inflicted by their oviposition, feeding, and ability to transmit plant viruses. Because of their invasiveness, a number of pest species are common to both China and the United States and present significant challenges to growers of a wide range of crops in both countries. Among the pest thfips common to both countries are four of the major global thrips pests, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, Thrips palmi Karny, and Thrips tabaci Lindeman. This review addresses characteristics that enable thrips to be such damaging pests and how biological attributes of thrips create challenges for their management. Despite these challenges, a number of successful management tactics have been developed for various cropping systems. We discuss some of these tactics that have been developed, including the use of cultural controls, biological controls, and judicious use of insecticides that do not disrupt overall pest management programs. The exchange of this type of information will help to facilitate management of pest thrips, especially in regions where species have recently invaded. A prime example is F. occidentalis, the western flower thrips, which is native to the United States, but has recently invaded China. Therefore, management tactics developed in the United States can be adapted to China. Because further success in management of thrips requires a thorough understanding of thrips ecology, we discuss areas of future research and emphasize the importance of collaboration among different countries to enhance our overall understanding of the biology and ecology of thrips and to improve management programs for these widespread pests. 相似文献
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转Bt基因棉对昆虫群落结构与组成的影响 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
运用群落生态学的原理和方法,基因了转Bt基因棉田昆虫群落的结构与组成。结果表明,转Bt基因棉田物种数低于常规棉田,个体总数和害虫的相对丰盛度高于常规棉田;害虫优势种类发生了较大变化,棉铃虫不再是转基因棉田的主要害虫,而红蜘蛛、棉蚜、棉蓟马等刺吸性害虫则上升为主要害虫,捕食性天敌优势种无明显变化,仍为龟纹瓢虫,寄生性天敌优势种由侧沟茧蜂、齿唇姬蜂演潜为棉蚜茧蜂。 相似文献
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桂阳县无公害烟区烟草主要害虫种类及发生规律调查 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为了明确郴州市桂阳县无公害烟区的主要害虫种类,采用频振式诱虫灯和田间普查的方法,于2010年和2011年的3~7月对该县烟草基地进行害虫调查采集,共采集到害虫2纲7目27科60种,基本明确了桂阳烟区主要害虫为小地老虎、烟蚜、烟夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、棉铃虫、蜗牛等;同时针对几种主要害虫的发生规律进行了研究,结果表明,小地老虎和烟蚜的发生高峰主要集中在4月和5月,烟夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾的发生高峰主要集中在6月;还针对各种害虫的特点提出了相应的防治措施。 相似文献
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Development of an automatic monitoring system for rice light-trap pests based on machine vision 下载免费PDF全文
YAO Qing FENG Jin TANG Jian XU Wei-gen ZHU Xu-hua YANG Bao-jun Lü Jun XIE Yi-ze YAO Bo WU Shu-zhen KUAI Nai-yang WANG Li-jun 《农业科学学报》2020,19(10):2500-2513
Monitoring pest populations in paddy fields is important to effectively implement integrated pest management. Light traps are widely used to monitor field pests all over the world. Most conventional light traps still involve manual identification of target pests from lots of trapped insects, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive and error-prone, especially in pest peak periods. In this paper, we developed an automatic monitoring system for rice light-trap pests based on machine vision. This system is composed of an intelligent light trap, a computer or mobile phone client platform and a cloud server. The light trap firstly traps, kills and disperses insects, then collects images of trapped insects and sends each image to the cloud server. Five target pests in images are automatically identified and counted by pest identification models loaded in the server. To avoid light-trap insects piling up, a vibration plate and a moving rotation conveyor belt are adopted to disperse these trapped insects. There was a close correlation(r=0.92) between our automatic and manual identification methods based on the daily pest number of one-year images from one light trap. Field experiments demonstrated the effectiveness and accuracy of our automatic light trap monitoring system. 相似文献
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大棚与露地豇豆病虫害发生情况比较 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
【目的】对设施大棚与露地栽培条件下豇豆病虫害发生情况进行比较分析,为设施大棚病虫害防治及其在海南省的推广应用提供依据。【方法】2010~2011年冬季和2011年春夏季,分别进行露地与设施大棚豇豆栽培试验,调查记录不同季节大棚及露地豇豆斜纹夜蛾、豆荚螟、斑潜蝇、蓟马、叶螨、白粉病、锈病、轮纹病、煤霉病等病虫害发生情况。【结果】大棚内豇豆斜纹夜蛾、豆荚螟、斑潜蝇、蓟马等虫口数略低于露地,其中蓟马在豇豆整个生育期虫口数较高,是危害豇豆的主要害虫;豇豆病害以锈病和轮纹病为主,其中2011年春夏季种植的豇豆锈病和轮纹病明显比2010~2011年冬季重。【结论】设施大棚对豇豆害虫有一定的隔离作用,达到降低害虫虫口基数的目的;但对于病害,露地与设施大棚豇豆病害总体未见太大差异。 相似文献
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梨小食心虫性诱剂效果评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
梨小食心虫(Grapholitha molesta Busck)是世界性的重要果树钻蛀性害虫之一。目前,性信息素诱捕器广泛应用于害虫防控,为提高性诱剂对梨小食心虫测报及诱捕效率,从两方面研究了梨小食心虫性诱剂对梨小食心虫的诱捕效果,采用了8个性诱剂产品诱杀梨小食心虫,同时每个诱捕器内设1、3、5、7、9、11个芯数,共6个处理诱杀梨小食心虫。结果表明,A诱捕性诱芯和C诱捕性诱芯诱捕效果最好;诱捕器的诱芯数量为1时引诱到的梨小食心虫数量最多。建议在田间测报和大量诱捕时,使用A诱芯,可达到较高诱捕量,同时也可节约成本,提高效率。 相似文献
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绿色防控模式对叶菜害虫的控制作用及综合效益评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为探索绿色防控技术集成应用的综合控害效果和应用效益,比较了2种不同防控模式下害虫种群动态、菜田昆虫结构组成与多样性变化的影响,用环境经济学方法评价了绿色防控技术应用于生产的实际效果,并与化学防治为主的常规防控区的综合效益进行对比。结果表明,绿色防控模式下菜田优势害虫的控制效果显著优于常规防控区;对田间昆虫群落特征的影响主要表现在物种组成、多样性指数及物种分布的均匀性等方面,尤其对优势害虫、捕食性天敌等影响更为明显;通过综合应用绿色防控技术,化学农药的用量减少,菜田主要害虫优势集中性指数降低,天敌数量和作用增加,多样性指数增大;绿色防控区采用生态控制的方法,每667 m2每季可实现经济、社会、环境效益分别为2 9791,8063,1 0429元,明显优于常规防控区。因此,科学应用绿色防控集成技术,减少化学农药用量,改善生态环境,逐步增强天敌对优势害虫的控制能力,这在菜田害虫生态控制中具有重要作用。 相似文献