酵母硒对奶牛产奶性能和乳品质的影响

为研究酵母硒对奶牛产奶性能和乳品质的影响,将60头试验奶牛随机分成对照组和试验组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加0.1%酵母硒,结果表明,试验组与对照组相比,日均耗料量提高了7.41%(P0.05),日均产奶量提高了13.01%(P0.05),料奶比降低了5.21%(P0.05),乳脂率提高了7.80%(P0.05),乳蛋白率提高了9.60%(P0.05),乳糖率提高了2.69%(P0.05),乳干物质率提高了9.13%(P0.05),表明酵母硒能改善奶牛的产奶性能和乳品质。     

酵母培养物对泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛产奶量及乳品质的影响

本试验旨在研究酵母培养物对泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛产奶量及乳品质的影响。选用20头处于泌乳中期的荷斯坦奶牛按年龄、胎次、泌乳月、日产奶量和乳成分相近的原则,随机分成两组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在对照组日粮的基础上添加120g/(d.头)的酵母培养物,预试期7 d,正试期42 d,测定试验组与对照组的日产奶量和各种乳成分的变化情况。结果表明:酵母培养物可以有效缓解泌乳中期奶牛日产奶量的下降,与对照组相比,日粮中添加酵母培养物42 d后产奶量显著提高了12.8%(P<0.05),乳蛋白率、乳糖率、乳非脂固形物率和乳密度分别极显著提高了8.2%、6.8%、7.9%和11.7%(P<0.01)。总体显示,酵母培养物对于提高泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛的产奶性能和改善乳品质方面效果明显。     

包被尿素与蒸汽压片玉米组合对活体外瘤胃氨氮释放和发酵参数的影响

选用包被尿素、普通尿素(负对照)和大豆分离蛋白(正对照)作为氮源,普通玉米(对照)和蒸汽压片玉米作为碳源,采用2×3因子试验设计,利用活体外人工瘤胃产气法,研究包被尿素与蒸汽压片玉米组合对活体外瘤胃氨氮释放速度和发酵参数的影响。结果表明:在瘤胃发酵1~8 h期间,无论基于哪种碳源,包被尿素处理的NH3-N值比普通尿素处理降低11.1%~17.1%(P<0.001),也低于大豆分离蛋白处理;蒸汽压片玉米处理的氨氮释放速度比对照组降低3.3%~13.7%(P<0.001);并在发酵前4 h中,有显著互作效应(P<0.05)。蒸汽压片玉米处理的产气速度显著高于对照(0.110 4 h-1,0.122 6 h-1,P<0.001),大豆分离蛋白的24 h干物质消化率为73.13%,显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。普通玉米(对照)组的总挥发酸产量(101.33 mmol/L,96.69 mmol/L)和丁酸摩尔分数(13.58%,12.69%)显著高于蒸汽压片玉米处理组(P<0.05),而处理组的丙酸摩尔分数(22.11%,21.68%)显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。不同氮源与碳源的总挥发酸产量存在显著的互作效应(P<0.05)。试验结果表明:包被尿素与蒸汽压片玉米组合可以显著减缓瘤胃氨氮释放速度,而对72 h产气量及其他发酵参数没有明显影响。     

奶牛非应激期日粮添加酵母铬的效果研究

将60头泌乳170 d左右、平均每头每天产奶量26.00kg的奶牛随机分为5组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组在此基础上分别添加酵母铬0.35 mg·kg-1、0.70 mg·kg-1、1.05 mg·kg-1及1.40 mg·kg-1(以精料量计算),研究非应激期铬添加水平对奶牛产奶量、乳成分和血液激素指标的影响.试验结果表明①添加酵母铬对产奶量、FCM产量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率及乳总固体物含量影响不显著(P＞0.05);②酵母铬最高添加组乳中总铬含量＜0.30 mg·kg-1,符合卫生标准;③与对照组相比,试验Ⅳ组FT3(游离三碘甲腺原氨酸)显著下降(P＜0.05),试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组FT3较对照组有下降的趋势,但差异不显著(P＞0.05),酵母铬对血清FT4(游离甲状腺素)、皮质醇浓度及胰岛素活性均无显著影响(P＞0.05).     

复合包膜甜菜碱对夏季奶牛产奶性能及血液生化指标的影响

选取36头泌乳中期的荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为3组,即基础对照组、试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组,分别添加10、20和30 g.d-1复合包膜甜菜碱于奶牛全混合日粮中.于试验前、中期和后期在牛尾静脉采集血液,测定血液指标,研究复合包膜甜菜碱对夏季奶牛的产奶性能及血液指标的影响.结果表明:三组奶牛的产奶量差异不显著(P>0.05),Ⅰ和Ⅱ组的产奶量分别比基础对照组提高0.58和1.17 kg.d-1;三组奶牛乳脂含量、乳蛋白含量和体细胞数的变化均不明显,各组之间的差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验期间,三组奶牛血浆中的葡萄糖浓度较试验前均有增加,血浆中的乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸磷酸激酶和碱性磷酸酶活性均下降后上升;试验中期,Ⅱ组奶牛血浆中的总蛋白含量显著低于基础对照组(P<0.05);试验末期,Ⅰ和Ⅱ组奶牛血浆中的总蛋白和白蛋白含量低于基础对照组(P>0.05),Ⅰ组血浆中的尿素氮含量高于基础对照组(P>0.05),Ⅱ组尿素氮含量低于基础对照组(P>0.05).由于试验缺乏空白对照组,因此不同添加量的复合包膜甜菜碱对奶牛的产奶性能及与能量代谢有关的血液指标无显著影响,但Ⅱ组产奶量较高;与Ⅰ和Ⅱ组相比,基础对照组有积累血浆中总氮的趋势.     

不同添加水平半胱胺对奶牛泌乳性能和血清生化指标的影响

为研究不同添加水平半胱胺盐酸盐(Cysteamine hydrochloride,CSH)对中国荷斯坦奶牛泌乳性能和血液生化指标的影响,选用40头产奶量、泌乳日龄和胎次相近的奶牛,随机分为5组,每组8头,每组日粮中CSH添加量分别为:0(对照组)、15、30、75和150g/头。预试期2周,正试期8周。结果表明:9~10周时150g处理组的干物质采食量显著低于15~75g处理组;5~8周15g处理组产奶量显著高于其他各处理组(P0.05),9~10周75和150g处理组产奶量显著低于0~30g处理组;5~10周15g处理组4%标准乳产量显著高于75~150g处理组(P0.05);5~8周150g处理组及9~10周75和150g处理组饲料转化率最低,且显著低于0~30g处理组(P0.05)。1~4周时75g处理组乳脂率及乳总固形物显著高于对照组(P0.05);3~4周时各试验组乳尿素氮浓度与对照组相比显著降低(P0.05)。1~2周75g处理组白蛋白浓度显著低于其他各处理组(P0.05),3~4周30g处理组白蛋白浓度最高,且显著高于其他各处理组(P0.05);9~10周时75~150g处理组尿素氮浓度较高,且75g处理组显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综上所述,在中国荷斯坦奶牛日粮中CSH的适宜添加量以每天每头15~30g为宜。     

湿啤酒渣组合对经产奶牛产奶性能的影响

本研究采用湿啤酒渣、饲料枣和大豆皮3种组合替代部分玉米-豆粕型日粮测定奶牛产奶性能的影响效果。40头产奶日期相近(112.4±12.17 DIM)的经产荷斯坦奶牛随机分为4个试验组,玉米-豆粕型日粮的对照组粗蛋白质(CP)为13.94%、产奶净能(NEl)7.24 MJ/kg和赖氨酸(Lys)0.58%,试验1组到3组依次为饲料枣和大豆皮组合、湿啤酒渣和饲料枣组合及湿啤酒渣、饲料枣和大豆皮组合。结果表明,试验3组产奶量平均为27.75 kg/d,略高于与对照组(27.20 kg/d)和试验2组(27.25 kg/d),高于试验1组产奶量(26.65 kg/d),但差异不显著(P0.05);试验3组血液生化指标中仅血尿素氮(4.42 mmol/L)明显低于试验1组(5.26 mmol/L)(P0.05);试验3组和2组的产奶纯收入最高,试验1组和对照组的最低(P0.05)。日粮粗蛋白质水平保持在13.9%条件下,添加湿啤酒渣和饲料枣的快速降解非纤维碳水合化物和降解蛋白质可以弥补日粮中赖氨酸浓度的不足,湿啤酒渣组合有助于提高产奶量,增加产奶纯收入。     

高精料日粮中添加酿酒酵母培养物对奶牛泌乳后期产奶量及乳成分的影响

为研究高精料日粮中添加酿酒酵母培养物对荷斯坦奶牛泌乳后期产奶量及乳成分的影响,试验选取254头健康、泌乳天数相近的荷斯坦奶牛作为试验动物,将其随机分成A、B两组进行饲喂,A组为添加4%酵母培养物日粮组,B组为基础日粮组。结果表明,高精料日粮中添加酿酒酵母培养物的试验组奶牛产奶量下降幅度显著低于对照组(P0.05),试验组产奶量下降幅度1.55%,对照组下降4.89%。此外,试验组乳蛋白及乳脂肪的含量增长趋势高于对照组,试验组乳蛋白增幅3.19%,对照组增幅仅为0.32%;而试验组乳脂肪增幅4.99%,对照组增幅为3.67%。说明高精料日粮中添加酿酒酵母培养物可以提高荷斯坦奶牛饲料转化效率,间接提高奶牛泌乳后期的产奶量,延长泌乳周期,显著提高乳蛋白和乳脂肪含量。     

几种免疫增强剂对中华鳖红细胞数量及免疫功能的影响

在基础饲料中添加2.0μg/g亚硒酸钠、0.5μg/g硒酵母、0.3%β-葡聚糖和0.25%果糖,投喂100 d后,测定中华鳖红细胞数量和四个免疫指标的变化。主要结果为:(1)在红细胞数量方面,亚硒酸钠组、果糖组、硒酵母组显著高于β-葡聚糖组及对照组(P<0.05);(2)在红细胞C3b受体花环率和T淋巴细胞活性E花环率方面,四个试验组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);(3)在红细胞天然免疫粘附肿瘤细胞花环率上,仅亚硒酸钠组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);(4)在白细胞吞噬活性上,亚硒酸钠组显著高于β-葡聚糖及对照组(P<0.05),硒酵母组、果糖组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但β-葡聚糖组与对照组间差异不显著(P>0.05);(5)红细胞C3b花环率与T淋巴细胞活性E花环率间存在明显的正相关(P<0.01),表明中华鳖红细胞具有免疫调节作用。以上结果表明,在饲料中添加不同的免疫增强剂,能提高中华鳖血液中红细胞含量,增进免疫功能,从而提高对疾病的抵抗力。     

苹果树叶对关中奶山羊产奶性能和生化指标的影响

为了评估苹果树叶对关中奶山羊产奶性能和健康状况的影响,本试验选用28只关中奶山羊,按配对试验设计原则,根据试验羊只的体质量、产奶量、产羔胎次和产奶日期将其分为4个处理,每处理7只。分别用0、300、500和700 g/kg的苹果树叶替代苜蓿干草添加在4个处理,分别测定各处理奶山羊的产奶量、乳成分和血液生化指标。结果表明,添加300和500 g/kg的苹果树叶处理分别与其他处理相比,关中奶山羊的产奶量显著提高(P0.05);添加苹果树叶对关中奶山羊乳成分中乳干物质、乳脂肪和乳糖含量影响不显著(P0.05),但添加700 g/kg的苹果树叶处理乳蛋白含量显著低于其他各处理(P0.05);各处理血液中尿素氮、乳酸脱氢酶、碱性磷酸酶以及谷草转氨酶的含量差异不显著(P0.05)。因此,在本试验条件下,添加300和500 g/kg苹果树叶能提高关中奶山羊的产奶量(P0.05),但对乳成分和血液生化指标影响不显著(P0.05)。     

蒸汽压片玉米对奶牛生产的影响分析

分析了饲喂蒸汽压片玉米后淀粉和蛋白在奶牛体内的消化情况,并比较了蒸汽压片玉米和玉米粉的经济价值,为进一步提高玉米的消化率、降低奶牛养殖成本提供了参考。     

不同油料籽实对奶牛瘤胃液、血浆脂肪酸组成及乳脂CLA含量的影响

 【目的】研究不同脂肪酸构成的油料籽实对奶牛瘤胃液和血浆中脂肪酸的组成及乳脂CLA含量的影响,初步探讨乳脂CLA合成机制,为改善牛奶脂肪酸构成,提高乳脂中CLA含量寻找合适途径。【方法】以3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的经产荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,采用3×3拉丁方设计,在日粮中添加不同油料籽实（葵花籽、亚麻籽、菜籽）,3种日粮的粗脂肪含量基本相同,测定采食后不同时间点瘤胃液、血浆及乳脂中脂肪酸含量。【结果】葵花籽组奶牛乳脂中CLA、t11-C18﹕1、PUFA及LCFA比例均显著高于菜籽组和亚麻籽组（P＜0.05）;葵花籽组奶牛血浆中t11-C18﹕1的比例显著高于菜籽组和亚麻籽组（P＜0.05）;瘤胃液中各种脂肪酸含量在3组之间差异不显著（P＞0.05）,随采食后时间的延长,饱和脂肪酸含量逐渐增加,不饱和脂肪酸含量逐渐减少,不同时间点瘤胃液中CLA的比例均较低;瘤胃液、血浆中的t11-C18﹕1含量对乳脂中CLA含量的决定系数（R2）分别为0.841和0.766。【结论】富含亚油酸的葵花籽在优化奶牛乳脂肪酸构成、提高CLA含量方面效果最好。     

不同阴阳离子水平日粮对围产期奶牛泌乳性能和血液生化指标的影响

为了研究阴离子盐对围产期奶牛产奶性能和血液生化指标的影响,选取20头中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成4组,每组5头,分别饲喂日粮阴阳离子平衡(DCAB)值为50.80 mmol/kg、-46.91 mmol/kg、-128.45mmol/kg、-213.44 mmol/kg的日粮,测定动物采食量、尿液pH值、产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率和血清生化指标。结果表明:试验组Ⅱ(-128.45 mmol/kg)与对照组(50.80 mmol/kg)相比,产奶量提高13.4%(P<0.05),血清钙离子浓度提高12.9%(P<0.05),血清羟脯氨酸(HYP)浓度提高12.0%(P<0.01),血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)浓度提高26.9%(P<0.01),血清骨钙素(BGP)浓度提高9.2%(P<0.05),血清甲状旁腺素(PTH)浓度降低20.54%(P<0.01),血清降钙素(CT)浓度提高27.72%(P<0.01)。试验结果证实,阴离子盐能够降低动物采食量和尿液pH值,提高产奶量、血清钙离子浓度和血清CT浓度,提高血清HYP、ALP和BGP浓度,降低血清肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)浓度。     

北方寒冷地区标准化泌乳牛舍设计的研究

环境是影响奶牛生产性能的重要因素,文章针对北方寒冷地区规模化泌乳牛舍设计中存在的问题,从标准化泌乳牛舍保温、采光、通风、自由卧栏、通道、采食饮水设施等方面提出设计方案及应注意的问题。     

日粮磷水平对泌乳奶牛生产性能及磷排放的影响

 【目的】研究日粮磷水平对奶牛生产性能及磷排放量的影响,为中国奶牛饲养标准中磷需要量的制定提供数据参考。【方法】采用单因子试验设计,30头中国荷斯坦奶牛随机被分为3组,每组10头,分别饲喂干物质基础磷含量分别为0.32%、0.44%和0.56%的日粮,试验期75 d;其中,预试期15 d,正式期60 d,正式期最后5 d为采样期。【结果】磷的不同摄入量对采食量、生产性能及乳成分无显著影响（P＞0.05）,血清中钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶、羟脯氨酸以及唾液磷含量均处于正常值。0.32%磷日粮组每天通过粪尿向环境排磷量分别比0.44%和0.56%的磷日粮组少20.40 g（P＜0.01）和45.84 g（P＜0.01）;其中,粪中水溶性磷排放量分别比0.44%和0.56%磷日粮组少15.24 g（P＜0.01）和45.61 g（P＜0.01）,奶牛的饲养成本每天分别降低了0.60元/头和0.40元/头。【结论】日粮干物质基础磷水平为0.32%时对中国泌乳奶牛生产性能无不利影响,且显著降低粪磷含量,增加奶牛养殖的经济效益和生态效益。     

Quantification and prediction of enteric methane emissions from Chinese lactating Holstein dairy cows fed diets with different dietary neutral detergent fiber/non-fibrous carbohydrate (NDF/NFC) ratios

Methane (CH₄) emissions from ruminant production are a significant source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas production, but few studies have examined the enteric CH₄ emissions of lactating dairy cows under different feeding regimes in China.  This study aimed to investigate the influence of different dietary neutral detergent fiber/non-fibrous carbohydrate (NDF/NFC) ratios on production performance, nutrient digestibility, and CH₄ emissions for Holstein dairy cows at various stages of lactation. It evaluated the performance of CH₄ prediction equations developed using local dietary and milk production variables compared to previously published prediction equations developed in other production regimes.  For this purpose, 36 lactating cows were assigned to one of three treatments with differing dietary NDF/NFC ratios: low (NDF/NFC=1.19), medium (NDF/NFC=1.54), and high (NDF/NFC=1.68).  A modified acid-insoluble ash method was used to determine nutrient digestibility, while the sulfur hexafluoride technique was used to measure enteric CH₄ emissions.  The results showed that the dry matter (DM) intake of cows at the early, middle, and late stages of lactation decreased significantly (P<0.01) from 20.9 to 15.4 kg d^–1, 15.3 to 11.6 kg d^–1, and 16.4 to 15.0 kg d^–1, respectively, as dietary NDF/NFC ratios increased.  Across all three treatments, DM and gross energy (GE) digestibility values were the highest (P<0.05) for cows at the middle and late lactation stages.  Daily CH₄ emissions increased linearly (P<0.05), from 325.2 to 391.9 kg d^–1, 261.0 to 399.8 kg d^–1, and 241.8 to 390.6 kg d^–1, respectively, as dietary NDF/NFC ratios increased during the early, middle, and late stages of lactation.  CH₄ emissions expressed per unit of metabolic body weight, DM intake, NDF intake, or fat-corrected milk yield increased with increasing dietary NDF/NFC ratios.  In addition, CH₄ emissions expressed per unit of GE intake increased significantly (P<0.05), from 4.87 to 8.12%, 5.16 to 9.25%, and 5.06 to 8.17% respectively, as dietary NDF/NFC ratios increased during the early, middle, and late lactation stages.  The modelling results showed that the equation using DM intake as the single variable yielded a greater R2 than equations using other dietary or milk production variables.  When data obtained from each lactation stage were combined, DM intake remained a better predictor of CH₄ emissions (R²=0.786, P=0.026) than any other variables tested.  Compared to the prediction equations developed herein, previously published equations had a greater root mean square prediction error, reflecting their inability to predict CH₄ emissions for Chinese Holstein dairy cows accurately.  The quantification of CH₄ production by lactating dairy cows under Chinese production systems and the development of associated prediction equations will help  establish regional or national CH₄ inventories and improve mitigation approaches to dairy production.     

对《奶牛饲养标准》泌乳母牛标准的验证

在4个奶牛场,用20个小组200头产奶母牛进行了24～30天的《奶牛饲养标准》验证试验。证实中国奶牛协会于1983年公布的该标准第二次修改稿(1986年公布为中华人民共和国专业标准)对兰州地区泌乳中期母牛是适用的。试验组和对照组间的日产标准奶量和日体重变化的差异均极显著。主要营养物质符合标准时,除维持生命和正常产奶之外,体重还有所增加。干物质和产奶净能符合标准。粗蛋白质略高(4—6％)或略低(24％)于标准时,体重也有所增加,高于标准过多时体重反而下降。各场习惯日粮中存在干物质食入量偏高,能量偏离,蛋白质不均衡,钙偏高,磷偏低,粗纤维过高等问题。     

The effects of step-wise improvement of forage combination in total mixed rations on fatty acid profile in the rumen and milk of Holstein cows

Five lactating Holstein cows in a 5×5 Latin square experiment were fed five high-concentrate total mixed rations(TMRs) to investigate the effects of step-wise improvement of forage combination on ruminal and milk fatty acid profiles. The ratio of concentrate to forage was fixed as 61:39, and the step-wise improvement of forage combination was applied as: TMR1, a ration containing corn stover; TMR2, a ration containing corn stover and ensiled corn stover; TMR3, a ration containing ensiled corn stover and Chinese wild ryegrass hay(Leymus chinensis); TMR4, a ration containing the ryegrass hay and whole corn silage; TMR5, a ration containing the ryegrass hay, whole corn silage and alfalfa hay. The TMRs were offered to the cows twice daily at 0700 and 1900 h. The entire experiment was completed in five periods, and each period lasted for 18 days. Diurnal samples of rumen fluids were collected at 0100, 0700, 1300 and 1900 h(day 16); 0300, 0900, 1500 and 2100 h(day 17); and 0500, 1100, 1700 and 2300 h(day 18). The step-wise improvement of forage combination increased energy and crude protein contents and decreased fibre content. As a result, the step-wise improvement of forage combination increased dry matter intake and milk yield(P0.05). The step-wise improvement increased dietary content of linolenic acid(C18:3 n-3), but did not alter dietary proportions of palmitic acid(C16:0), stearic acid(C18:0), oleic acid(C18:1 cis-9), linoleic acid(C18:2 n-6) and arachidic acid(C20:0). In response to the forage combination, ruminal concentration of C16:0, C18:2 n-6 and C18:3 n-3 linearly increased against their dietary intakes(P0.10). The step-wise improvement increased milk contents of C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, C18:2 n-6 and C18:3 n-3(P0.10) and decreased milk contents of C18:0 and C18:1 cis-9(P0.05). Milk yields of C16:0, C18:1 cis-9, C18:2 n-6 and C18:3 n-3 were linearly increased by the increase of these fatty acids in the rumen(R2≥0.79, P0.05), and milk yields of C18:2 n-6 and C18:3 n-3 were also positively correlated with dietary intake of these fatty acids(R2≥0.85, P0.05). The step-wise improvement increased the transfer efficiencies from feed to milk for C18:2 n-6 from 11.8 to 14.2% and for C18:3 n-3 from 19.1 to 22.3%. In a brief, along with the step-wise improvement of forage combination, more dietary linoleic and linolenic acids might escape microbial hydrogenation in the rumen and consequently accumulated in milk fat though these fatty acids were present in low concentrations in ruminal fluids. The step-wise improvement of forage combinations could be recommended as a dietary strategy to increase the transfer efficiency of linoleic and linolenic acids from feed to milk.     

Effects of Rumen Protected Methionine on Milk Yield and Milk Composition in Earlier Lactating Cow

A total of 12 mature healthy Holstein dairy cows of the nearly body weight （580±30） kg, milk yield （22.5±2.8） kg in the early stages of lactation were selected in this experiment. The cows were randomly divided into 2 groups, every group had 6 cows, every group had 6 repeats, and every repeat had 1 cow. Added 20 g protected methionine in earlier lactating cow food every day. The results showed that protected methionine increased milk yield by 10.83%, testing group milk yield was significantly different than that of control （P〈0.05）; protected methionine increased milk fat by 5.98%, testing group milk fat was significantly different than that of control （P〈0.05）; Milk protein increased by 2.15%, but bad insignificantly different （P〉0.05）; dry matter of milk had the tendency of decrease, but had insignificant difference （P〉0.05）.     

小叶章青干草对乳牛产奶量的影响

为探讨小叶章青干草对乳牛产奶量的影响效果,选择胎次,泌乳月、日平均产奶量近似的7对黑白花泌乳牛,采取单因子配对法分为试验组和对照组,进行小叶章青干草(试验组)与玉米秸和大豆荚皮合用(对照组)饲喂奶牛的对比试验。结果小叶章青干草较玉米秸和大豆荚皮合用营养价值高,适口性好,增产效果明显。试验组牛日平均产乳量和标准乳量较对照组分别提高5.22和4.36公斤。