黑山羊精液冷冻稀释液配方的筛选

为筛选出提高黑山羊冷冻精液质量的最佳冷冻稀释液配方,试验分别用4个不同的稀释液配方,对15只湘东黑山羊进行精液的冷冻处理,通过观测平衡后精子活率、解冻后精子活力、顶体完整率、精子畸形率等几个特征性指标,可以看出稀释液配方Ⅳ效果最好,是用于黑山羊精液冷冻的最佳稀释液配方。其配方Ⅳ冷冻保存精液解冻后活力平均为0.3627、冻后顶体完整率为42.93%、精子畸形率为12.93%。     

猪精液预处理稀释液与冷冻基础液的配伍效应

采用6种预处理稀释液对猪精液进行预处理,然后用3种冷冻基础液冷冻保存,研究精液预处理稀释液和冷冻基础液对精子冷冻保存效果的影响,以及其间的配伍效应。结果表明,不同的预处理稀释液对解冻后精子活力的影响差异显著(P<0.05),而3种冷冻基础液对冻后精子活力的影响差异不显著(P>0.05)。不同的预处理稀释液与冷冻基础液之间存在明显的配伍效应,并且用含甘油的稀释液对平衡不同时间的精液冷冻时,其配伍效应又有所不同。猪精液中去除精清可显著提高精子冻后活力和顶体完整率(P<0.05),有利于提高精液品质。     

不同糖类对蓝狐精子常温及冷冻保存特性的影响

人工采取6只优质芬兰雄性蓝狐精液,利用含有不同性质糖成分的Tris-卵黄-柠檬酸钠-甘油稀释液稀释后,常温保存及制成细管冻精,荧光免疫方法检测蓝狐鲜精液常温保存及冷冻复苏后冻融精子的质量,目的在于比较不同性质糖在蓝狐精子常温及低温冷冻保存中的作用。结果表明,常温保存时,果糖、木糖及海藻糖试验组精子活力、质膜完整率及顶体完整率较高,与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01);超低温冷冻保存时,果糖、海藻糖稀释液有利于提高冻融精子质量,活力(44.6%、43.7%)与对照组(35.6%)差异显著(P<0.05),质膜完整率(50.6%、51.2%)、顶体完整率(53.2%、54.1%)与对照组间(39.6%、43.5%)差异极显著(P<0.01),而其他糖分试验组与无糖对照组差别不显著(P>0.05)。结果提示:果糖、木糖、海藻糖亦可作为蓝狐精液常温保存的稀释液成分,而果糖、海藻糖为蓝狐精液超低温冷冻保存较理想的保护剂     

圆筒形贮存管对猪精液冷冻保存效果的影响

试验研究了用圆筒形贮存管冷冻猪精液时不同漂浮时间和解冻时不同解冻温度、时间对冷冻保存效果的影响。猪精液冷冻时,圆筒形贮存管在放入液氮罐前,先置液氮面上3 cm处,分别漂浮熏蒸5、10、15、20 min后投入液氮中保存。精液解冻时,分别在37℃＋1.5 min、52℃＋1.0 min、70℃＋0.5 min解冻处理。结果表明,漂浮15 min处理可显著提高猪精液冷冻后的精子活率、质膜完整率和顶体完整率。52℃＋1.0 min处理组的猪精液冷冻后精子活率、质膜完整率和顶体完整率显著高于其它2个处理组。试验结果还证实,用圆筒形贮存管冷冻猪精液是可行的,所获得的冷冻后最高精子活率与用0.25 mL麦管获得精子活率无显著差异。     

6种鸡精液冷冻稀释液以及冻后保存条件比较

为探究不同稀释液对鸡精液冷冻保存效果的影响,选择LR、Lake’s、BPSE、Modified Sasaki、Beltsville和Nabi共6种稀释液对霞烟鸡精液进行冷冻,解冻后分别在37或4 ℃条件下短时间保存,分析不同冷冻稀释液和保存条件对精子活率、活力、功能完整性和抗氧化指标的影响。结果表明,6种稀释液中Lake’s稀释液的冻后活率、活力和顶体完整性最高,分别为48.20%、45.70%和45.26%;LR稀释液虽然获得了48.16%的冻后活率,但其活力显著低于Lake’s稀释液。解冻后4 ℃保存更适合鸡精子的短时间保存,Lake’s和Nabi稀释液在4 ℃条件下保存45 min后活力仍达30 %以上。虽然Nabi稀释液解冻初始时的精子活率和活力低于LR和Lake’s稀释液,但随着保存时间的延长,其冻后精子存活能力表现最佳。随着冻后保存时间的延长,LR、Lake’s和Nabi稀释液冻后精子的线粒体活性、质膜完整性和抗氧化能力均呈现下降趋势,且37 ℃保存时下降更为明显,同时LR稀释液在这些指标上表现出较差的耐受性。综上所述,Lake’s和Nabi冷冻稀释液对鸡精子冷冻保存的效果最佳;解冻后4 ℃保存可延长冻精的体外存活时间;LR稀释液虽获得了较高的冻后活率,但其活力和冻后耐保存性能较差。     

不同抗氧化剂对金华猪精液冷冻保存效果的影响

为了观察冷冻稀释液中添加不同浓度的抗氧化剂谷胱甘肽(GSH)、绿茶多酚(GTPs)、维生素E(VE)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)对金华猪精液冷冻保存效果的影响,分别在冷冻稀释液中添加0.125、0.25、0.5 mmol.L-1的GSH,10、15、20 mmol.L-1的GTPs,1、2、4 mg.mL-1的VE和1 000、2 000、4 000 I U的SOD,采集活率较高的金华猪精液,用上述含抗氧化剂的冷冻稀释液稀释后进行冷冻保存,分别检测4个处理组精子4℃平衡后的活率和解冻后精子活率、质膜完整性、顶体完整率。结果表明,在金华猪精液的冷冻稀释液中分别添加15 mmol.L-1GTPs、2 mg.mL-1VE、4 000 I U SOD可显著提高猪精子4℃平衡后的活率、解冻后精子活率和质膜完整率(P0.05)。     

湖羊精液稀释液及冷冻保护剂的筛选

试验旨在研究不同稀释液对湖羊精液的4℃保存效果,同时探讨不同种类及浓度的冷冻保护剂对湖羊精液冷冻保存效果的影响。选择6种常见的绵羊精液稀释液配方,检测湖羊精液稀释后精子活力变化,分析精子存活时间及生存指数;另选取6种常见的精子冷冻保护剂,分3组浓度(5%、10%、15%)添加,检测细管冻精解冻后的精子活率。结果表明,6种稀释液对湖羊精液的4℃保存效果存在显著差异,其中F稀释液保存效果最佳。冷冻保护剂的种类和添加比例对湖羊精液的冷冻保存效果都存在影响,稀释液中添加5%的丙三醇对湖羊精液的冷冻保存效果最佳。     

胆固醇和磷脂酰胆碱对山羊精液冷冻保存效果的影响

为探究胆固醇(CHL)和磷脂酰胆碱(PC)对山羊精液冷冻保存效果,分别在精液冷冻稀释液中添加不同浓度的CHL(1.0、2.5、5.0、10.0 g/L)、PC(10、15、20、25 g/L),以15%卵黄(EY)作为对照。通过测定冷冻解冻后精子的活力、顶体完整率、精子运动参数、质膜完整率、精子磷脂和胆固醇含量来判断保存效果。结果表明,精液冷冻显著降低山羊精子磷脂和胆固醇含量,分别添加5 g/L CHL和10 g/L PC,精子冷冻解冻后,在活力、顶体完整率、质膜完整率和运动参数与对照组差异不显著。进一步将CHL和PC混合添加发现,4 g/L CHL+16 g/L PC解冻后精子活力、曲线速率、平均路径速度和顶体完整率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且可以改善冷冻后精子磷脂和胆固醇含量。运用4 g/L CHL+16 g/L PC冷冻保存精子进行山羊人工授精,其受胎率和产仔率与EY组差异不显著,冷冻稀释液中添加4 g/L CHL+16 g/L PC显著提高山羊精液冷冻保存效果。     

除去精浆、添加维生素E及水浴平衡对莎能奶山羊精液冷冻效果的影响

主要探讨精液离心、添加VE及平衡方法对山羊细管冻精冷冻-解冻后活力、顶体完整率等的影响,为提高山羊精液冷冻保存效果提供依据.试验1:将鲜精稀释后分为3组,第1组为稀释精液1 000 r/min离心6 min,去掉一半的上清液;第2组用相同的方法反复离心3次,完全去掉精浆;第3组不离心,做为对照.试验2:在稀释液中添加15 g/L VE,以不添加组作为对照.试验3:采用纱布包裹和水浴平衡两种方法.试验结果表明,离心去掉部分精浆组和离心去精浆组精子冷冻-解冻后的活力比不离心组高,差异显著(P＜0.05).精子顶体完整率和畸形率有所下降,但与对照组相比较差异不显著(P＞0.05).离心去掉部分精浆组和离心完全去精浆组相比,精子冷冻一解冻后的活力、顶体完整率和畸形率差异不显著(P＞0.05).冷冻稀释液中添加VE组的顶体完整率显著提高(P＜0.05),畸形率变化与对照组无差异(P＞0.05),精子活力提高效果也不明显(P＞0.05).精液冷冻前平衡方法以水浴法为好,与纱布包裹平衡组相比,水浴平衡组的活力和顶体完整率高(P＜0.05),精子畸形率较低(P＜0.05).可见,精液离心后去掉适量精浆可显著提高冷冻后精子的活力;添加VE可显著提高精液冷冻后精子的顶体完整率;与纱布包裹平衡法相比,水浴平衡法可显著提高精液冷冻后精子的品质.     

添加剂在猪精液冷冻保存中的应用

猪精液的冷冻保存显著影响猪精子的运动学参数,损伤精子质膜、顶体和DNA完整性,降低解冻后精子活率和受精能力.近年来,在以甘油和蛋黄作为冷冻保护剂的基础上,为了有效降低冷冻-解冻对精子的损伤,提高解冻精液的受精能力,研究人员将OEP、抗氧化剂(甲基黄嘌呤、丁羟基甲苯、谷胱甘肽、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、褪黑素和维生素E等)、2-羟丙基β环糊精以及透明质酸等物质作为添加剂应用于猪精液的冷冻保存,结果表明这些物质在保护精子质膜和顶体完整性,提高解冻后精子活力、活率和受精能力等方面均有显著作用.     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

盐胁迫对葡萄苗期多胺和激素代谢的影响

【目的】 研究盐胁迫条件下,葡萄叶片中多胺含量、多胺氧化酶、多胺合成酶活性以及激素的动态变化,研究不同盐胁迫强度对多胺类物质及激素代谢的影响。【方法】 采用盆栽基质培养模拟盐胁迫环境,设置4个NaCl处理梯度:0 (CK)、1、2和3 g/kg。多胺和激素含量的测定采用高效液相色谱法,多胺合成及分解酶活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计比色法。【结果】 盐胁迫处理后,葡萄叶片中多胺含量和脱落酸含量较对照而言显著增加,玉米素含量显著降低,随胁迫时间的延长,Put、Spm、Spd、ABA以及PAO、DAO、ADC、ODC、SAMDC活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,在10 d及10 d后达到峰值。ZT呈逐渐下降的趋势,并随胁迫强度增大而减小;进行显著性分析后,叶片中多胺含量与Put、Spm、Spd含量呈极显著正相关,DAO、ADC、ODC活性与Put含量呈显著正相关,PAO与SAMDC活性与Spm和Spd含量也呈极显著正相关。【结论】 3种多胺经酶的合成代谢后和激素共同缓解葡萄苗所遭受到的盐胁迫,期间主要发生作用的是多胺合成酶,盐胁迫下多胺与激素含量之间的变化关系也十分密切。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托,采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标,按业务流程设计与实现的,包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题,建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

内脐蠕孢属、平脐蠕孢属和凸脐蠕孢属的研究

本文报道了平脐蠕孢属(Bipolaris)一个新种,一个新组合,5个新记录以及凸脐蠕孢属(Exserohilum)一个新记录。讨论了内脐蠕孢属(Drechslera)、平脐蠕孢属、凸脐蠕孢属与长蠕孢属(Helminthosporium)的关系,并就我国已报道的长蠕孢属真菌按Alcorn等~([1,3,4,5,24])人的意见,逐个进行了订正。