Improving organic phosphate utilization in transgenic white clover by overexpression of Aspergillus niger PhyA gene

Using the cotyledon of white clover as explants, the transgenic white clover lines ectopic expression of the PhyA gene were established based on Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method. It was found that the tested transgenic lines were all Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) positive. The transgenic lines 1 to 4 were used for further Southern blot and Northern blot analysis. The lines 1 and 3 with higher level of PhyA expression were used to assay the phytase activities in root and its intercellular space. When the phytate was the sole phosphorus source, the phytase activities in root in lines 1 and 3 were 31.43% and 44.76% higher than those in control (CK), respectively. Meanwhile, the phytase activities in the root intercellular space in lines 1 and 3 were 3.3-fold and 5.12-fold higher than those in CK, respectively. The phosphorus concentration of plants, the accumulative P amount per plant, plant fresh weight, and plant dry weight were all much higher in lines 1 and 3 than in CK. Thus, it is clearly shown that ectopic expression of Aspergillus niger PhyA gene could significantly increase the ability for white clover to utilize organic phosphate under inorganic phosphate (P_i)-deficient condition. Translated from Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2007, 33(2): 250–255 [译自: 作物学报]     

拟南芥CYCD3;1基因植物表达载体的构建 及在烟草中的遗传转化分析

为了分析植物D型细胞周期蛋白在细胞周期中的作用,采用PCR方法从拟南芥花序中克隆出At CYCD3;1基因的全长c DNA序列。该基因的开放读码框为1131 bp,预测编码376个氨基酸,蛋白质的分子量为42701.6 Da,蛋白质的等电点为4.89。构建植物表达载体p ROKII-At CYCD3;1,并利用农杆菌介导的叶盘法将外源基因导入野生型烟草中。通过PCR及q RT-PCR检测显示,At CYCD3;1成功插入烟草基因组并在转录水平表达。表型观察显示转基因株系与野生型株系相比主要表现为花冠宽度变大,花瓣和萼片长度变长,果实变大,茎干弯曲,叶片卷曲,根尖细胞变小。综上,拟南芥At CYCD3;1基因的过量表达影响了植物的生长发育。     

转phyA2、ZmTMT和Bar玉米的获得及其特性分析

【目的】玉米是家禽和单胃动物饲料的主要原料,但玉米籽粒中高活性的α-生育酚含量较低,且籽粒中的磷主要是以植酸磷的形式存在,动物不能有效吸收利用,因此,饲料中需要添加化学合成的维生素E和无机磷或微生物来源的植酸酶以满足动物生长发育的需要,增加了饲料成本,同时又容易造成磷污染。通过转基因获得α-生育酚含量和植酸酶活性大量提高的玉米,为饲用玉米育种提供材料基础。【方法】构建含有3个基因表达盒的载体,采用农杆菌侵染的方法转化玉米,草铵膦作为筛选压力;通过喷施草铵膦和PCR鉴定的方法筛选转基因阳性植株,RT-PCR分析目的基因在转录水平的表达情况;Western blot分析目的基因在翻译水平上的表达情况,采用分光光度计测定转基因玉米籽粒中的植酸酶活性,利用HPLC测定籽粒中的维生素E含量,同时比较转基因株系与野生型在其他营养成分和农艺性状上的差异。【结果】构建了胚乳特异性启动子123387驱动的植酸酶基因phyA2表达盒、胚特异性启动子13387驱动的玉米γ-生育酚甲基转移酶基因ZmTMT表达盒以及组成型启动子CaMV 35S驱动的草铵膦抗性基因Bar表达盒串联的植物表达载体;转化玉米获得转基因植株;喷施草铵膦和PCR鉴定得到阳性植株;经过多个世代回交转育,获得目标性状均较好的2个转基因纯合玉米株系TPB1和TPB2;RT-PCR和Western blot分析结果表明phyA2、ZmTMT和Bar在转基因玉米中显著高表达。植酸酶活性测定结果表明,转基因玉米籽粒中植酸酶活性达到10 000—13 000 U·kg^-1。维生素E含量测定结果表明,转基因玉米籽粒中90%以上的γ-生育酚转化为α-生育酚,α-生育酚的含量达到50—70 mg·kg^-1,α-三烯生育酚的含量也有明显增加。转基因玉米中的植酸酶活性和α-生育酚含量完全能够满足动物饲料的需要。转基因株系的农艺性状与野生型无显著差异,TPB1的营养成分与野生型总体无显著差异,TPB2稍高于野生型但是未产生不利影响;且均具有草铵膦抗性。【结论】获得的富含维生素E和植酸酶、且具有除草剂抗性的玉米新材料可以用于玉米杂交种的开发应用,降低饲料成本,提高磷的利用率,减少环境污染。     

Transgenic rice expressing a novel phytase-lactoferricin fusion gene to improve phosphorus availability and antibacterial activity

The developing trends of livestock production are efficiency,safety and sustainability,which face two major challenges:low availability of phytate phosphorus and abuse of antibiotics.As a solution phytases and antimicrobial peptides are applied as feed additives.However,phytases and antimicrobial peptides are susceptible to proteases,costly by fermentation and potential toxic to production hosts.We transformed an optimized phytase-lactoferricin fusion gene PhyLf driven by an endosperm-specific promoter Gt13aP and Bar(bialaphos resistance) gene as a selection maker into rice.The Bar and PhyLf genes were integrated into the rice genome,stably inherited and expressed.Their phosphinothricin acetyl transferase(PAT)protein content oftransgenic plants with glufosinate resistance varied between 50.45-93.39 ugg~(-1).Fusion protein expressed especially in the seeds oftransgenic rice had a summit phytase activity at 32.30Ug~(-1) which increased by 61.71-fold compared to the control/check group(CK) and 7.54-fold compared to un-optimized transgenic plant.The highest inorganic phosphorus(Pi) content of the transgenic seeds reached 13.15 mg g~(-1) increased by 12.77-fold compared to that of CK.Preliminary antibacterial experiments showed that the enterokinase hydrolysate product of fusion protein could inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli DH5a.These results indicated that the protein PhyLf has the potential to increase availability of feed phytate phosphorus,improve consumer's immunity and reduce the use of antibiotics.     

新疆野生樱桃李PsoRPM2与PsoLFY互作调控植株开花的分子机制

为明确新疆野生樱桃李PsoRPM2基因引起植株的早开花现象，本研究通过形态学、转基因以及酵母双杂等试验对PsoRPM2基因进行了分析。结果显示:新疆野生樱桃李极早花、早花、中花、晚花和极晚花的比率分别为11%、24%、44%、18%和3%。早花类型的花芽分化明显快于晚花类型，早花花芽中的PsoLFY和PsoFT基因表达高于晚花，而PsoFLC基因则在晚花中表达较高。转PsoRPM2基因烟草表现为早花，并且NtLFY基因表达明显升高。在新疆野生樱桃李早花花芽中，PsoRPM2基因表达高于晚花，同一时期的PsoLFY基因表达也较高。酵母双杂试验显示，PsoRPM2与PsoLFY可以互作。综上，新疆野生樱桃李之所以早花是通过PsoRPM2与PsoLFY互作，提高花芽中PsoLFY和PsoFT基因表达，从而加快花芽分化进程，导致植株提前开花。     

玉米赤霉素受体基因ZmGID1a的克隆及功能研究

为研究赤霉素(GA)受体GID (gibberellin insensitive dwarf),克隆编码玉米GID的同源基因ZmGID1a,分析其在物种间的保守性和系统进化关系。通过实时定量PCR分析该基因在玉米中的表达特性以及不同激素对该基因表达水平的影响。亚细胞定位确定蛋白在细胞核和膜上,利用酵母双杂技术分析Zm GID1a与GA负调控因子玉米DELLA-8和DELLA-9的互作。还分析了表达Zm GID1a转基因烟草的生理指标。这些结果表明Zm GID1a和其他已报道的同源蛋白功能相似。     

大豆GmPIN2b调控根系响应低磷胁迫的功能研究

目的 研究生长素转运蛋白PIN基因家族在大豆Glycine max 根系适应低磷胁迫中的功能。方法 对大豆23个GmPIN家族成员进行进化树分析和表达模式分析,并进一步对GmPIN2b进行功能分析。结果 大豆23个GmPIN家族成员分散在7个不同的亚族,其中,GmPIN2a、GmPIN2b和GmPIN9a、GmPIN9d与拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana的AtPIN2位于同一亚族。不同GmPIN家族成员在大豆中的组织表达定位及其受低磷调控的表达模式不同,其中,GmPIN2b在大豆根系中的表达水平在低磷胁迫6 d后显著上调,回补表达GmPIN2b能够部分恢复Atpin2突变体的表型。无论在低磷还是高磷条件下,回补表达GmPIN2b的转基因植株鲜质量和主根长均显著高于Atpin2突变体;而且回补表达GmPIN2b显著提高了Atpin2突变体在低磷条件下的一级侧根数,以及高磷条件下根系对重力的敏感性。结论 GmPIN2b在大豆根系形态建成响应低磷胁迫的过程中起重要的调控作用。