Magnetic response of metamaterials at 100 terahertz

An array of single nonmagnetic metallic split rings can be used to implement a magnetic resonance, which arises from an inductor-capacitor circuit (LC) resonance, at 100-terahertz frequency. The excitation of the LC resonance in the normal-incidence geometry used in our experiments occurs through the coupling of the electric field of the incident light to the capacitance. The measured optical spectra of the nanofabricated gold structures come very close to the theoretical expectations. Additional numerical simulations show that our structures exhibit a frequency range with negative permeability for a beam configuration in which the magnetic field couples to the LC resonance. Together with an electric response that has negative permittivity, this can lead to materials with a negative index of refraction.     

Electrorheological fluids

Suspensions of polarizable particles in nonpolarizable solvents form fibrillated structures in strong electric fields. The resulting increase in viscosity of these "electrorheological" fluids can couple electrical to hydraulic components in a servomechanism. The physical properties of these fluids are unusual owing to the long-range, anisotropic nature of the interparticle forces. Immediately after the electric field is applied, elongated chains or columns of particles form parallel to the field. This structure then coarsens as a result of thermal forces between the columns. In shear flows, fluids show yielding behavior at low stresses followed by shear-thinning behavior at higher stresses.     

高压脉冲电场用于食品灭菌研究进展

对近年来国内外高压脉冲电场灭菌的最新研究进行了总结分析,综述了高压脉冲电场对食品的处理效果与电场强度、环境介质以及菌种类型的关系;并结合最新文献,对处理条件的优化进行了阐述。最后指出,通过相关实验室合作进行系统研究,制定统一合理的食品高压脉冲处理产业标准能够加快此项技术的商业应用。     

10 kV浇注支柱式电流互感器电场有限元分析及结构优化设计

浇注支柱式电流互感器是电力系统中用于测量、控制和保护的重要设备.以LZZBJ9-10B型浇注支柱式电流互感器为例,通过ANSOFT Maxwell软件对互感器内部进行三维电场仿真分析.研究结果表明,互感器内部电场集中分布区域在一次绕组的4个端角和二次绕组的左右两端,对一、二次绕组电场进行局部二维分析,得到绕组电场强度最大值和最小值的分布点的位置,提出通过改变绝缘挡板的厚度避免主绝缘材料因电场分布不均匀而发生局部放电的有效措施,并运用ANSOFT Maxwell软件进行电场分析得到验证.研究结果为10 kV浇注支柱式电流互感器的结构优化设计和安全运行提供了依据.     

Proton radiography of inertial fusion implosions

A distinctive way of quantitatively imaging inertial fusion implosions has resulted in the characterization of two different types of electromagnetic configurations and in the measurement of the temporal evolution of capsule size and areal density. Radiography with a pulsed, monoenergetic, isotropic proton source reveals field structures through deflection of proton trajectories, and areal densities are quantified through the energy lost by protons while traversing the plasma. The two field structures consist of (i) many radial filaments with complex striations and bifurcations, permeating the entire field of view, of magnetic field magnitude 60 tesla and (ii) a coherent, centrally directed electric field of order 10(9) volts per meter, seen in proximity to the capsule surface. Although the mechanism for generating these fields is unclear, their effect on implosion dynamics is potentially consequential.     

Dielectric siphons

The normally weak polarization force density, exerted on insulating dielectric liquids by a nonuniform electric field, is enhanced if high pressures are used. The result is a new class of orientation and guiding structures for liquids: electric "walls" contain the liquid. The dielectric siphon is an example of such a system. A simple laminar flow model for the device successfully describes the operation of the siphon.     

高压脉冲电场对大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂的钝化效果

研究了高压脉冲电场对大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂的钝化效果。结果表明:随着脉冲强度和脉冲处理时间的延长,大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性下降,但效果不太显著。当脉冲电场和加热联合使用时,可以明显地钝化大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂的活性,尤其是先脉冲处理后加热钝化效果更为显著。     

台湾海峡西岸晴天近地面大气电场日变化及其影响因素

利用台湾海峡西岸晴天近地面大气电场、PM_(10)、SO_2、NO_2、CO、NO、NO_X、温度、相对湿度和气压的同步观测资料,对大气电场日变化及其与典型大陆复杂型大气电场的差异进行了研究,并分析了大气电场与各影响因子之间的关系.结果表明:台湾海峡西岸晴天大气电场日变化呈双峰双谷特征,峰值分别出现在4时和10时,谷值分别出现在14时和19时,相比其他区域大气电场的差异性特征,台湾海峡西岸大气电场的日变化与海陆风关系较为密切.PM10、SO_2、NO_2、CO、NO、NO_X、相对湿度和气压与大气电场呈现正相关性,O_3和温度与大气电场呈负相关.     

Nonlinear optical properties of proteins measured by hyper-rayleigh scattering in solution

Hyper-Rayleigh scattering has been used to determine the nonlinear optical properties of a chromophore-containing protein in solution. Because the technique of hyper-Rayleigh scattering allows the measurement of hyperpolarizabilities in an isotropic solution without the application of an electric field, this method is ideally suited for the study of proteins that carry a net charge. The observed orientational correlation between the nonlinear optical chromophores in incompletely solubilized protein molecules suggests that guidelines from protein structures can be used for the engineering of supramolecular structures with high optical nonlinearity.     

500kV超高压输电线路的工频电场分析

为估算出超高压输电线路下方的电场分布情况，采用等效电荷法的计算模型，并简要介绍有无架空地线两者之间的区别。通过MATLAB仿真软件对某一实际500kV输电线路的电场进行仿真，分析其周围电场特性。针对输电线路是否投运，提出几种不同的降低输电线路周围电场强度的方法，可为降低500kV输电线路工频电场的实施措施提供参考。     

Coherent control of a single electron spin with electric fields

Manipulation of single spins is essential for spin-based quantum information processing. Electrical control instead of magnetic control is particularly appealing for this purpose, because electric fields are easy to generate locally on-chip. We experimentally realized coherent control of a single-electron spin in a quantum dot using an oscillating electric field generated by a local gate. The electric field induced coherent transitions (Rabi oscillations) between spin-up and spin-down with 90 degrees rotations as fast as approximately 55 nanoseconds. Our analysis indicated that the electrically induced spin transitions were mediated by the spin-orbit interaction. Taken together with the recently demonstrated coherent exchange of two neighboring spins, our results establish the feasibility of fully electrical manipulation of spin qubits.     

交变电场在提高土壤水势中的作用

电磁场对土壤作用的实验表明,交变电场不仅可以较大幅度的提高土壤水势,而且其作用对土壤结构没有明显影响,即土壤不会受到“破坏”或“污染”。这一发现对探索干旱半干旱地区作物用水问题,可能开辟了一个新途径。由实验还得出了土水势变化与外加交变电压的关系等实验规律。     

电场引发液晶生物膜弹性形变的场强阈值

电场对动植物的生长发育均有一定的影响，被称为电场生物效应，作者从生物膜的液晶模型出发，利用液晶连续体弹性形变理论推导出场强阈值，从理论上给出了电场对液晶生物膜影响的物理机制，并以此讨论了电场对生物影响的阈值效应等问题。     

运动电磁场的Maxwell方程组-电场与磁场的关系(3)

对运动电磁场的电场强度变量和磁感应强度变量做旋度及散度运算分析，表明除电位移变量项与经典Mexwell方程组的正负号不同外，大多数时变电磁场理论下的Maxwell方程都可以在一定条件下从运动电磁场的Maxweel方程组中导出。但在有些条件下运动电磁场的Maxwell创方程组仍然可以应用，并能得到正确的结果，而经典Maxwell方程组无法应用。这说明用“运动电场具有磁场特性；运动磁场具有电场特性”来描述电场与磁场之间的关系要比时变电磁场理论更符合自然规律。时变电磁场理论的Maxwell方程组是运动电磁场在特殊条件下的特殊形式。所谓时变电磁场可能是运动电磁场在特殊条件下的特殊表现，时变电场与时变磁场之间的相互转化可能是运动电磁场在特殊条件下所表现出的假象，并非电磁场的真正规律。时变电磁场理论的Maxwell方程组作为数学工具在一些领域中可以应用，但作为原理表达式，它们不是每个都正确的，也不是总对的。     

运动电场具有磁场特性电场与磁场的关系(2)

Biot-Savart定律是经典电磁学中关于电流的磁场的基本定律,以它为基础,并结合分析经典电磁学中关于磁与电关系的理论,推导出了磁场与电场联系的规律,即运动电场具有磁场特性.磁感应强度与电场强度之间具有如下关系B=(1)/(C2)(VE×E)电流的磁场是电流周围运动电场的特性,在传导电流的周围,由于正负电荷的电场强度相等,方向相反而抵消,所以没有明显的电场,但是随电荷运动的电场潜流,相反方向的电场的运动方向相反,因此向量VE×E却是不平衡的,这个向量就是传导电流的磁场.即电流只是磁场的表面的源,磁场的源是运动的电场或运动的电荷.磁场与电场及运动速度之间是互相垂直的三维向量.电场的时变也是由于运动造成的,所以时变电场引起的磁场也是由电场的运动造成的.时变电场产生磁场不是电磁现象的一般规律.     

电磁场处理对凤尾菇生长效应的研究

为了提高食用菌的产量和质量,探求电场和磁场对食用菌生长效应的影响,以凤尾菇(Pleurotus Sajor-Caju(Fr.)Sing)为研究对象,用不同的电场强度和磁感应强度分别处理凤尾菇菌丝体,测定菌丝体的生长速率和产量。试验结果表明:不同的电场和磁场处理对凤尾菇菌丝体生长和产量影响不同。经电场处理后,无论在菌丝体生长速率还是菇的产量上都明显地优于对照。经磁场处理后,在磁感应强度为500~6500 Gs时,对菌丝体生长均具有明显的促进作用,而磁感应强度为8000 Gs时,对菌丝体生长有抑制作用。电场强度在200~800 V.cm-1;磁场处理的磁感应强度在2000~5000 Gs作用效果最为明显。     

高压脉冲电场处理果蔬元胞自动机模拟研究

研究旨在利用具有时空特征的元胞自动机动力学模型对高压脉冲电场处理的果蔬介质进行仿真,模拟果蔬介质计算过程,为高压脉冲电场技术在果蔬保鲜、干燥以及杀菌中的应用提供理论依据。在考虑高压脉冲电场处理果蔬产生细胞电击穿现象以及电击穿原理的基础上,通过元胞空间、状态和规则的制定,构建了元胞自动机果蔬介质击穿模型。结果表明,该试验的模拟结果符合高压脉冲处理果蔬介质的击穿特征,与实际情况对比拟合度高,误差较小。利用元胞自动机仿真高压脉冲电场处理果蔬介质模型,反映了果蔬介质的击穿过程,有利于高压脉冲电场技术在果蔬领域的应用及推广。     

Plasma waves near venus: initial observations

The Pioneer Venus electric field detector observes significant effects of the interaction of the solar wind with the ionosphere of Venus all along the orbiter trajectory. Information is obtained on plasma oscillations emitted by suprathermal electrons beyond the bows shock, on sharp and diffuse shock structures, and on waveparticle interaction phenomena that are important near the boundary of the dayside ionosphere.     

均匀带电直线电场分布对称性分析

由于均匀带电直线电荷分布的特殊性,使其电场分布具有特殊的对称性。通过对均匀带电直线电场强度分布进行计算,分析其电场分布的对称性,并讨论一些特殊情况:半无限长均匀带电直线的电场分布对称性,无限长均匀带电直线的电场分布对称性。由于均匀带电直线电荷分布具有轴对称性,因而导致其电场分布也具有轴对称性。半无限长均匀带电直线的电场分布具有轴对称性。无限长均匀带电直线的电场分布不仅具有轴对称性,而且具有柱对称性。