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1.
Compaction layers are widely distributed in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China, which restrict root growth and reduce yields. The adoption of subsoiling has been recommended to disrupt compacted soil layers and create a reasonable soil structure for crop development. In this paper, the effects of subsoiling depth(30, 35 and 40 cm), period interval(2 or 3 years) and combined pre-sowing tillage practice(rotary cultivation or ploughing) on soil condition improvement was studied on a tidal soil in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. Seven tillage patterns were designed by combining different subsoiling depths, period intervals and pre-sowing. The evaluation indicators for soil condition improvement were as follows: thickness of the plough layer and hard pan, soil bulk density, cone index, soil three-phase R values, alkali nitrogen content, crop yield, and economic benefits. The results showed that subsoiling can significantly improve the soil structure and physical properties. In all subsoiling treatments, the depth of 35 or 40 cm at a 2-year interval was the most significant. The thickness of the plough layer increased from 13.67 cm before the test to 21.54–23.45 cm in 2018. The thickness of the hard pan decreased from 17.68 cm before the test to 12.09–12.76 cm in 2018, a decrease of about 40.07%. However, the subsoiling combined presowing tillage practice, that is, rotary cultivation or ploughing, was not significant for soil structure and physical properties. For all subsoiling treatments, the soil bulk density, cone index and soil three-phase R values of the 15–25 cm soil layer were significantly lower compared to single rotary cultivation. Subsoiling was observed to increase the soil alkaline nitrogen and water contents. The tillage patterns that had subsoiling at the depth of 35–40 cm at a 2-year interval combined with rotary cultivation had the highest alkali nitrogen and water contents, which increased by 31.08–34.23% compared with that of the single rotary cultivation. Subsoiling can significantly increase the yield both of wheat and corn, as well as the economic benefits. The treatment of subsoiling at the depth of 35 cm at an interval of 2 years combined with rotary cultivation had the highest annual yield and economic benefits. For this treatment, the annual yield and economic benefits increased by 14.55 and 62.87% in 2018, respectively. In conclusion, the tillage patterns that involved subsoiling at a depth of 35 cm at a 2-year interval along with rotary cultivation are suitable for the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.  相似文献   

2.
Crop residue retention has been considered a practicable strategy to improve soil organic carbon(SOC) and total nitrogen(TN), but the effectiveness of residue retention might be different under varied tillage practices. To evaluate the effects of residue management on the distribution and stocks of SOC and TN under different tillage practices, a bifactorial experiment with three levels for tillage practices(no-tillage, rotary tillage, and conventional tillage) and two levels for residue managements(residue retention and residue removal) was conducted in the North China Plain(NCP). Results showed that after a short experimental duration(3–4 years), concentrations of SOC and TN in the 0–10 cm layer were higher under no-tillage than under conventional tillage, no matter whether crop residues were retained or not. Residue retention increased SOC and TN concentrations in the upper layers of soil to some degree for all tillage practices, as compared with residue removal, with the greatest increment of SOC concentration occurred in the 0–10 cm layer under rotary tillage, but in the 10–30 cm layer under conventional tillage. The stocks of SOC in the 0–50 cm depth increased from 49.89 Mg ha–1 with residue removal to 53.03 Mg ha–1 with residue retention. However, no-tillage did not increase SOC stock to a depth of 50 cm relative to conventional tillage, and increased only by 5.35% as compared with rotary tillage. Thus, residue retention may contribute more towards SOC sequestration than no-tillage. Furthermore, the combination between residue retention and no-tillage has the greatest advantage in enhancing SOC and TN in the NCP region.  相似文献   

3.
Soil moisture is the most critical limiting factor impacting yields of dryland winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) and it is strongly affected by tillage practice and sowing methods. This study was to assess the link between sowing method and tillage practice during summer fallow and their subsequent effect on soil moisture and grain yield. Furthermore, we sought to identify a more appropriate farming management practice for winter wheat production in Loess Plateau region of China. The experiment was conducted from 2011 to 2013, using a two-factor split plot design, including subsoiling(SS) or no tillage(NT) during summer fallow for main plots, and conventional drill sowing(DS) or plastic film drill sowing(FM) for subplots. Results showed that the maximum soil water storage(SWS) was under SS×FM treatment with values of 649.1 mm(2011–2012) and 499.4 mm(2012–2013). The SWS during the 2011–2012 growing season were 149.7 mm higher than that in the 2012–2013 growing season. And adoption of SS×FM significantly increased precipitation use efficiency(PUE) and water use efficiency(WUE) compared to other treatments for both seasons. Moreover, adoption of SS×FM significantly increased yield by 13.1, 14.4, 47.3% and 25.9, 39.1, 35.7% than other three treatments during the two growing seasons, respectively. In summary, combining subsoiling during summer fallow with plastic film drill sowing(SS×FM) increased SWS at sowing and effectively improved WUE, thus representing a feasible technology to improve grain yield of dryland winter wheat in the Loess Plateau of China.  相似文献   

4.
High temperature stress(HTS) on spring maize(Zea mays L.) during the filling stage is the key factor that limits the yield increase in the North China Plain(NCP).Subsoiling(SS) and ridge tillage(R) were introduced to enhance the ability of spring maize to resist HTS during the filling stage.The field experiments were conducted during the 2011 and 2012 maize growing seasons at Wuqiao County,Hebei Province,China.Compared with rotary tillage(RT),the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,and chlorophyll relative content(SPAD) of maize leaves was increased by 40.0,42.6,12.8,and 29.7% under SS,and increased by 20.4,20.0,5.4,and 14.2% under R,repectively.However,the treatments reduce the intercellular CO 2 concentration under HTS.The SS and R treatments increased the relative water content(RWC) by 11.9 and 6.2%,and the water use efficiency(WUE) by 24.3 and 14.3%,respectively,compared with RT.The SS treatment increased the root length density and soil moisture in the 0-80 cm soil profile,whereas the R treatment increased the root length density and soil moisture in the 0-40 cm soil profile compared with the RT treatment.Compared with 2011,the number of days with temperatures 33°C was more 2 d and the mean day temperature was higher 0.9°C than that in 2012,whereas the plant yield decreased by 2.5,8.5 and 10.9%,the net photosynthetic rate reduced by 7.5,10.5 and 18.0%,the RWC reduced by 3.9,5.6 and 6.2%,and the WUE at leaf level reduced by 1.8,5.2 and 13.1% in the SS,R and RT treatments,respectively.Both the root length density and the soil moisture also decreased at different levels.The yield,photosynthetic rate,plant water status,root length density,and soil moisture under the SS and R treatments declined less than that under the RT treatment.The results indicated that SS and R can enhance the HTS resistance of spring maize during the filling stage,and led to higher yield by directly improving soil moisture and root growth and indirectly improving plant water status,photosynthesis and grain filling.The study can provide a theoretical basis for improving yield of maize by adjusting soil tillage in the NCP.  相似文献   

5.
Tillage represents an important practice that is used to dynamically regulate soil properties,and affects the grain production process and resource use efficiency of crops.The objectives of this 3-year field study carried out in the Huang-Huai-Hai(HHH) Plain of China were to compare the effects of a new deep vertical rotary tillage (DVRT) with the conventional shallow rotary tillage (CT) on soil properties,winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency at different productivity levels,and to identify a comprehensive management that optimizes both grain yield and resource use efficiency in the HHH Plain.A split-plot design was adopted in field experiments in the winter wheat growing seasons of 2016–2017 (S1),2017–2018 (S2) and 2018–2019 (S3),with DVRT (conducted once in June 2016) and CT performed in the main plots.Subplots were treated with one of four targeted productivity level treatments (SH,the super high productivity level;HH,the high productivity and high efficiency productivity level;FP,the farmer productivity level;ISP,the inherent soil productivity level).The results showed that the soil bulk density was reduced and the soil water content at the anthesis stage was increased in all three years,which were due to the significant effects of DVRT.Compared with CT,grain yields,partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFP_N),and water use efficiency (WUE) under DVRT were increased by 22.0,14.5 and 19.0%.Path analysis and direct correlation decomposition uncovered that grain yield variation of winter wheat was mostly contributed by the spike numbers per area under different tillage modes.General line model analysis revealed that tillage mode played a significant role on grain yield,PFP_N and WUE not only as a single factor,but also along with other factors(year and productivity level) in interaction manners.In addition,PFP_N and WUE were the highest in HH under DVRT in all three growth seasons.These results provided a theoretical basis and technical support for coordinating the high yield with high resource use efficiency of winter wheat in the resource-restricted region in the HHH Plain of China.  相似文献   

6.
Water shortage is a serious issue threatening the sustainable development of agriculture in the North China Plain, with the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as its largest water-consuming crop. The effects of tillage practices on the water consumption and water use efifciency (WUE) of wheat under high-yield conditions using supplemental irrigation based on testing soil moisture dynamic change were examined in this study. This experiment was conducted from 2007 to 2010, with ifve tillage practice treatments, namely, strip rotary tillage (SR), strip rotary tillage after subsoiling (SRS), rotary tillage (R), rotary tillage after subsoiling (RS), and plowing tillage (P). The results showed that in the SRS and RS treatments the total water and soil water consumptions were 11.81, 25.18%and 12.16, 14.75%higher than those in SR and R treatments, respectively. The lowest ratio of irrigation consumption to total water consumption in the SRS treatment was 18.53 and 21.88%for the 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 growing seasons, respectively. However, the highest percentage of water consumption was found in the SRS treatment from anthesis to maturity. No signiifcant difference was found between the WUE of the lfag leaf at the later iflling stage in the SRS and RS treatments, but the lfag leaf WUE at these stages were higher than those of other treatments. The SRS and RS treatments exhibited the highest grain yield (9 573.76 and 9 507.49 kg ha-1 for 3-yr average) with no signiifcant difference between the two treatments, followed by P, R and SR treatments. But the SRS treatment had the highest WUE. Thus, the 1-yr subsoiling tillage, plus 2 yr of strip rotary planting operation may be an efifcient measure to increase wheat yield and WUE.  相似文献   

7.
A field experiment was conducted in a manural loesial soil in middle of Shaanxi Province of China, a sub-humid area prone to drought, to study the effects of rainwater-harvesting cultivation on water use efficiency (WUE) and yield of winter wheat. Ridge-furrow tillage was used, the ridge being mulched by plastic sheets for rainwater harvesting while seeding in the furrows. Results showed that from sowing to reviving stage of winter wheat, water stored in 0-100cm layer was significantly decreased whereas that in 100-200cm layer did not change. Compared to the non-mulching, plastic mulch retained 6.5mm more water as an average of the two N rate treatments, having a certain effect on conservation of soil moisture. In contrast, at harvest, water was remarkably reduced in both the 0-100cm and the 100-200cm layers, and mulched plots consumed 34.8mm more water as an average of the two treatments: low N rate (75kg N ha^-1) with low plant density (2300000 plants ha^-1) and high N rate (225 kg N ha^-1)with high plant density (2800000 plants ha^-1) , in 0-200cm layer than those without mulching, the former being beneficial to plants in utilization of deep layer water. Mulching was significant in harvesting water and in increase of yield. Mulched with plastic sheets, biological and grain yields were 22.5 and 22.6% higher for the average of the high N rate than for the low N rate,and the high N rate with low plant density was 29.8 and 29.1% higher in both biological and grain yields than that of the low N rate with low plant density. With high N rate and high plant density, the mulched biological and grain yields were 39.5 and 28.9% higher than the corresponding treatments without mulching. Of the treatments, that with high N rate and low plant density was the highest in both biological and grain yields, and the water use efficiency reached 43.7kg mm^-1 ha^-1 for biological yield and 22 kg nn^-1 ha^-1 for grain yield, being the highest WUE reported in the world up to now.  相似文献   

8.
The relation between soil water content and the growth of cotton root was studied for the scheme of field water and cotton yield under mulched drip irrigation. Based on the field experiments, three treatments of soil water content were conducted with 90%, 75%θf, and 60%θf (θfis field water capacity). Cotton roots and root-shoot ratio were studied with digging method, and the soil moisture was observed with TDR (time domain reflector), and cotton yield was measured. The results indicated that the growth of cotton root accorded with Logistic growth curve in the three treatments, the cotton root grew quickly and its weight was very high under 75%θf because of the suitable soil water condition, while grew slowly and its weight was lower under 90%θf due to water moisture beyond the suitable condition, and the root weight was in between under 60%θf For the three water treatments, the cotton root weight decreased with soil depth, and decreased more significantly in deeper soil layer with the soil moisture increasing. And the ratio of cotton root weight in 0-30 cm soil layer to the total root weight was the highest under 75%θf. The cotton root system was distributed mainly in the soil of narrow row and wide row mulched with plastic film, and little in the soil outside plastic film. The weight of cotton root was the highest in the soil of narrow row or wide row mulched with plastic film under 75%θf. Root-shoot ratio decreased with the soil moisture increasing. The soil water content affected cotton yields, and cotton yield was the highest under 75%θf. The higher soil moisture level is unfavorable to the growth of cotton root system and yield of cotton under mulched drip irrigation.  相似文献   

9.
Straw mulching allows for effective water storage in dryland wheat production. Finding a suitable straw mulching model that facilitates wheat growth was the objective of this study. A 2-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of two straw mulching patterns(FM, full coverage within all the rows; HM, half coverage within alternate rows) and two mulching rates(4.5 and 9.0 t ha~(–1)) on soil moisture, soil temperature, grain yield, and water use efficiency(WUE) of winter wheat in northern China, with no mulching(M0) as the control. Results showed that mulching increased the soil water storage in all growth stages under high mulching rates, with a stronger effect in later growth stages. Water storage under the HM model was greater in later stages than under the FM model. Soil water content of HM groups was higher than that of FM groups, especially in surface soil layers. Evapotranspiration decreased in mulched groups and was higher under high mulching rates. Aboveground biomass during each growth stage under the HM model was higher than that under M0 and FM models with the same mulched rate, leading to a relatively higher grain yield under the HM model. Mulching increased WUE, a trend that was more obvious under HM9.0 treatment. Warming effect of soil temperature under the HM pattern persisted longer than under the FM model with the same mulching rates. Accumulated soil temperature under mulched treatments increased, and the period of negative soil temperature decreased by 9–12 days under FM and by 10–20 days under HM. Thus, the HM pattern with 9.0 t ha–1 mulching rate is beneficial for both soil temperature and water content management and can contribute to high yields and high WUE for wheat production in China.  相似文献   

10.
The effects of film mulching of millet on soil water content were studied in semi-arid areas in the Loess Plateau of South Ningxia, China. Different mulching methods including water micro-collecting farming (WF), water micro-collecting farming in winter fallow (WW), hole seeding on film (HF), hole seeding on film in winter fallow (HW) were compared to determine the effects of mulching methods on soil water collecting and conservation during millet growth periods of 2003-2004, as well as the variation tendency of water content after rainfall, output of millet and water use efficiency (WUE). The experimental results in the two successive years indicated that water micro-collecting farming had a better function of collecting water after rainfall, and side infiltrated water was stored under the ridges and the top layer 0-40 cm soil water changes were great. WF had obvious role in water collection and preservation of soil moisture. It effectively improved the water supply capacity by about 19.05% in the end of growth seasons. The storage of HW and WW increased by 24.9 and 7.1 mm compared with CK, and output of yield were obviously increased. Film mulching increased the yield of millet and enhanced water use efficiency (WUE). During different growth periods, WF exhibited better water storage function with lower water consumption, and demonstrated optimal social and ecological benefits.  相似文献   

11.
两年免耕后深松对土壤水分的影响   总被引:53,自引:7,他引:46  
 【目的】研究两年免耕后深松对土壤水分的影响,提高保护性耕作条件下对土壤水分的利用效率。【方法】土壤免耕第3年的基础上深松40 cm,2005~2006年连续两年通过田间试验观测深松对土壤水分的影响,分析深松保墒增产的机理。【结果】莜麦作物生育期0~100 cm土壤贮水量,深松显著高于对照。在0~100 cm的土层剖面上,50~100 cm土壤水分含量深松显著高于对照,干旱少雨时,土壤水分含量随土层深度增加而增加;降雨集中时,随土层深度增加而减少。与对照相比,深松减少了0~50 cm的作物耗水量,促进根系对50~100 cm土层土壤水分的消耗。土壤深松处理比对照两年平均增产18.29%,水分利用效率增加9.68%。保墒增产效果受降水量的影响,分布均匀的降雨有利于增产并提高水分利用效率。另一方面,深松降低了表层土层容重,增加接纳雨水的能力,增强作物对水分的利用效率。【结论】在免耕的基础上深松,是北方农牧交错带有效增加水分利用效率的保护性轮耕措施。  相似文献   

12.
【目的】明确免耕、深松耕在黄土高原不同区域春玉米、冬小麦种植中的适用性和增产效果。【方法】通过文献检索共获得45篇大田试验文献和209组试验数据,采用整合分析方法(Meta-analysis),定量分析免耕、深松耕在黄土高原不同区域、不同年降雨量和不同年均温度下对春玉米、冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响特征。【结果】与常规耕作相比,在黄土高原北部和中部采用免耕能有效提高春玉米产量和水分利用效率10%以上;在年降雨量≤500 mm地区免耕春玉米的产量和水分利用效率增加最显著,分别增加13.4%和13.6%(P0.05);在年均温度≤10℃地区免耕春玉米的产量和水分利用效率显著增加,分别增加7.6%和9.3%(P0.05)。在黄土高原东南部和西北部采用深松耕都能显著提高冬小麦产量和水分利用效率;在年降雨量500—600 mm地区,采用深松耕的冬小麦产量和水分利用效率增加最显著,分别增加14.5%和12.2%(P0.05);在不同年均温度地区,深松耕冬小麦的产量和水分利用效率均显著增加。在不同区域、不同年降雨量和不同年均温度下,采用深松耕的冬小麦产量和水分利用效率增加率均高于免耕。【结论】免耕、深松耕在黄土高原不同区域的适应性不同,在黄土高原中部和北部采用免耕更有利于提高春玉米产量和水分利用效率;在年降雨量≤500 mm地区和年均温度≤10℃地区采用免耕更有利于春玉米产量和水分利用效率的增加;在黄土高原东南部和西北部采用深松耕均有利于提高冬小麦产量和水分利用效率,且效果优于免耕。  相似文献   

13.
不同耕作方式对土壤理化性状及玉米产量的影响   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
通过2010,2011年的大田试验,对常规耕作、免耕、深翻、深松4种处理的土壤含水量、容重和氮、磷、钾、有机质含量以及玉米产量进行分析。结果表明,各处理在玉米拔节期、大喇叭口期、灌浆期和成熟期的土壤含水量由高到低的顺序均为:深翻>深松>常规耕作>免耕;深翻和深松处理0~30 cm,土壤容重较常规耕作分别降低10.27%和2.10%,免耕较常规耕作增加4.1%;深翻和深松处理较常规耕作的土壤速效钾、有效磷、有机质含量增加;深翻和深松处理的玉米产量分别较常规耕作提高20.38%和3.74%,免耕处理较常规耕作减产15.11%。选择合理的耕作方式,能够有效改善土壤结构,提高土壤含水量、有机质含量和作物产量。  相似文献   

14.
【目的】陕西渭北旱塬属于暖温带半湿润易旱气候区,干旱对旱地农作物生产威胁严重,降水短缺及其季节分布不均制约着旱地冬小麦和春玉米生长发育,是导致作物产量低而不稳的主要因素。论文旨在探索渭北旱塬冬小麦—春玉米轮作区在不同轮耕措施下土壤蓄水保墒效果和作物增产增收效应。【方法】于2007—2013年在陕西合阳实施了免耕/深松、深松/翻耕、翻耕/免耕、连续翻耕等不同耕作处理田间定位试验,测定休闲期和作物生育期土壤水分及作物收获期土壤理化性状,分析各耕作处理作物产量和水分利用效率的变化规律。【结果】(1)3种耕作处理均能降低土壤容重,提高土壤孔隙度,增加田间持水量和土壤有机质,且以免耕/深松轮耕处理效果最佳,与连续翻耕相比,免耕/深松轮耕处理平均土壤容重较连续翻耕处理降低3.6%,平均土壤孔隙度、田间持水量和土壤有机质含量较连续翻耕处理分别增加4.4%、11.6%和6.9%。(2)在6个试验年度的3个休闲期间,平均土壤蓄墒率:免耕/深松>翻耕/免耕>深松/翻耕>连续翻耕,免耕/深松、深松/翻耕和翻耕/免耕处理平均土壤蓄墒率较连续翻耕处理分别增加22.4个百分点、4.4个百分点和4.9个百分点,增墒效果显著;免耕/深松、深松/翻耕和翻耕/免耕处理0—200 cm土层平均土壤蓄水量较连续翻耕处理分别高18.2、1.3和11.8 mm。(3)在冬小麦生长期,免耕/深松、深松/翻耕和翻耕/免耕处理0—200 cm土层平均土壤蓄水量较连续翻耕处理分别增加13.2、1.7和14.6 mm;在春玉米生长期,免耕/深松和深松/翻耕处理0—200 cm土层平均土壤蓄水量较连续翻耕处理分别增加17.8和15.1 mm,深松/翻耕处理低于连续翻耕处理5.0 mm。(4)在冬小麦生产年度,免耕/深松、深松/翻耕和翻耕/免耕处理平均产量较连续翻耕处理分别增产8.1%、8.9%和4.9%,水分利用效率平均提高14.3%、13.8%和10.2%;在春玉米生产年度,免耕/深松和深松/翻耕处理平均产量较连续翻耕处理分别增产10.2%和6.4%,水分利用效率平均提高4.6%和8.2%,翻耕/免耕与连续翻耕处理平均产量接近,水分利用效率接近。【结论】综合可知,3种轮耕模式中,与连续翻耕处理相比,深松/翻耕轮耕模式土壤水分状况较差,但其作物产量和水分利用效率较高;翻耕/免耕轮耕模式土壤水分状况较好,但其作物产量和水分利用效率较差;而免耕/深松轮耕模式对于改善土壤耕层物理结构、提高土壤蓄水保墒效果和作物增产效应最佳,为渭北旱塬区麦玉轮作田较适宜的休闲轮耕模式。  相似文献   

15.
为探讨耕作方式对黑土区农田土壤物理特性的影响,2016年6—9月在内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市阿荣旗试验区设置3种耕作方式深松(SS)、免耕(MG)及常规耕作(CK),分别采集0-10 cm、10-20 cm和20-30 cm土层的土样,对土壤容重、含水量、土壤渗透速率及土壤孔隙度进行调查。结果表明:3种耕作方式土壤容重及含水量均表现为SS>CK>MG;土壤入渗特征表现为初始入渗率>平均渗透率>稳定入渗率;土壤入渗速率及累计入渗量表现为SS>CK>MG;土壤孔隙度以SS处理下最高且随着月份的增加土壤孔隙度降低。主成分分析表明,初始入渗速率和渗透总量对不同耕作方式最为敏感,可以作为考察东北黑土区农田耕作效应与缓解黑土地退化的评价指标。由综合得分可知,不同耕作方式下土壤性能优劣表现为SS>MG>CK。综上,深松耕作可以有效的降低土壤容重,提高土壤含水量,促进土壤渗透能力;免耕更有利于水分的保持,降低土壤的无效蒸发。  相似文献   

16.
粉垄耕作对黄淮海北部春玉米籽粒灌浆及产量的影响   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11  
【目的】在黄淮海北部引入一种称作“粉垄”的新型深土耕作措施,旨在解决由于连年旋耕所致的犁底层上移、耕层变浅,限制作物产量提高的现实问题。【方法】以旋耕和深松为对照,设置粉垄30 cm、粉垄50 cm、粉垄30 cm+地膜、粉垄50 cm+地膜等处理,探究其对春玉米灌浆和产量的影响。【结果】与旋耕和深松相比,粉垄利于水分入渗,增加了土壤贮水,改善了土壤水分供给,提高了春玉米的穗粒数和籽粒含水率;尽管灌浆渐增期不具有优势,且耕作深度越深,起始生长势和平均灌浆速率越低,但灌浆快增期和缓增期平均灌浆速率随耕作深度增加的优势突出;最终粉垄的百粒重和产量显著高于两对照。粉垄加盖地膜保存了更多水分,显著提高了穗粒数,灌浆渐增期灌浆速率便优势明显,且耕作深度越深,优势越明显,加之灌浆期延长,百粒重和产量显著高于未覆膜两处理。【结论】粉垄覆膜的新型耕作措施为打破犁底层、解决耕层变浅、促进作物增产提供了一种新的可行方法。  相似文献   

17.
采用大田试验于2011~2012年在山西农业大学闻喜试验基地进行旱地小麦休闲期"三提前"蓄水保墒技术的深翻模式和深松模式研究,并在此基础上研究全膜覆土穴播、膜际条播、沟播、宽幅精播、条播5种播种方式对土壤水分、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:"三提前"蓄水保墒技术可提高底墒,显著提高从越冬期到抽穗期0~300cm土壤的蓄水量,显著增加群体分蘖,显著增加穗长、可育小穗数,减少不育小穗数,增加穗数、穗粒数,使产量和水分利用率提高,且以深松模式效果较好。休闲期采用"三提前"蓄水保墒技术,全膜覆土穴播和膜际条播较其它播种方式具有较好的蓄水保墒效果,群体分蘖增加,育出冬前壮苗,穗数及穗粒数增加,产量提高。结果还表明,休闲期采用深翻模式,全膜覆土穴播或膜际条播方式较其它播种方式均可显著提高水分利用效率,但两种播种方式间差异不显著;休闲期采用深松模式,水分利用效率以全膜覆土穴播最高。搞清旱地小麦休闲期"三提前"蓄水保墒技术最适配套播种方式,可为旱地小麦蓄水、保墒、高产、稳产提供理论依据。  相似文献   

18.
深松少耕技术对土壤物理性状及玉米产量的影响   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
通过对土壤容重、土壤含水量、土壤田间持水量及产量的测定和分析,研究了深松少耕技术对土壤物理性状、水分利用率、土壤蓄水能力及玉米产量的影响。结果表明:深松少耕后,土壤容重在土壤耕层10-40 cm的范围内比对照降低22.1个百分点;土壤含水量在土壤耕层10-30 cm范围内高于对照,差异达显著水平,并在15-25 cm达极显著水平;土壤耕层0-50 cm范围内田间持水量均高于对照,差异达到显著或极显著水平;同时,深松少耕后玉米田增产1 602 kg.hm-2,差异达到显著水平。  相似文献   

19.
为探讨干旱绿洲灌区耕作方式与秸秆还田对玉米田土壤水热特征的调控效应,基于甘肃河西绿洲灌区田间定位试验,研究耕作方式(免耕、传统翻耕)和秸秆还田方式(秸秆还田、秸秆不还田)下农田土壤水分、温度动态变化特征。结果表明,耕作方式、秸秆还田显著影响土壤贮水量、耗水量、土壤温度、土壤有效积温、玉米籽粒产量、水分利用效率及积温生产效率,且互作效应显著。较秸秆不还田,秸秆还田提高了玉米各生育期0~120 cm土层的土壤贮水量,降低了玉米拔节至成熟期耗水量、播种至拔节期与吐丝期0~25 cm土层的土壤温度及各生育期土壤有效积温。免耕较传统翻耕提高了玉米拔节前土壤贮水量,降低了拔节至吐丝期耗水量,而传统翻耕较免耕提高了玉米各生育期土壤温度及有效积温。秸秆还田条件下玉米籽粒产量、水分利用效率及积温生产效率较秸秆不还田分别提高20.3%、23.6%和23.2%。传统翻耕的玉米籽粒产量、水分利用效率及积温生产效率较免耕分别提高20.8%、22.6%和12.3%。传统翻耕结合秸秆还田降低了玉米拔节前、吐丝至成熟期的耗水量,提高了各生育期土壤温度与有效积温。传统翻耕结合秸秆还田的玉米籽粒产量、水分利用效率及积温生产效率较其他处理分别提高20.3%~37.9%、22.0%~40.5%和7.0%~32.4%。因此,传统翻耕结合秸秆还田是绿洲灌区玉米高产、农田水热资源高效利用的理想耕作措施。  相似文献   

20.
渭北旱塬春玉米田保护性耕作蓄水保墒效果与增产增收效应   总被引:23,自引:4,他引:19  
【目的】探索渭北旱塬春玉米田不同保护性耕作措施对土壤蓄水保墒效果及其与不同施肥处理组合的增产增收效应。【方法】在2007—2009年通过大田试验,测定冬闲期和玉米生育期秸秆还田免耕、深松和翻耕处理土壤湿度,分析各耕作处理在平衡施肥、无肥和常规施肥处理下春玉米产量和经济收益。【结果】2年冬闲期免耕和深松处理0—200cm土层平均土壤贮水量分别较翻耕处理高33.4和31.1mm,2年玉米生育期免耕和深松处理平均土壤贮水量分别较翻耕处理高36.3和37.3mm;平衡施肥深松处理组合春玉米产量和水分利用效率最高,2年平均产量和水分利用效率分别达到10341.0kg.hm-2和24.89kg.hm-2.mm-1,平衡施肥免耕次之,平衡施肥翻耕处理位居第三位。【结论】无论在何种施肥处理下,土壤蓄水保墒能力和增产增收效应均为深松免耕传统翻耕处理。平衡施肥深松处理组合效益最好,为渭北旱塬较适宜的春玉米保护性耕作种植模式。  相似文献   

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