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1.
Scissors-grip model for DNA recognition by a family of leucine zipper proteins   总被引:152,自引:0,他引:152  
C/EBP is a sequence-specific DNA binding protein that regulates gene expression in certain mammalian cells. The region of the C/EBP polypeptide required for specific recognition of DNA is related in amino acid sequence to other regulatory proteins, including the Fos and Jun transforming proteins. It has been proposed that these proteins bind DNA via a bipartite structural motif, consisting of a dimerization interface termed the "leucine zipper" and a DNA contact surface termed the "basic region." An evaluation of the properties of conserved amino acids within the basic region of 11 deduced protein sequences, coupled with the observation that they are located at an invariant distance from the leucine zipper, has led to the formulation of a "scissors-grip" model for DNA binding. The architectural features of this model are well suited for interaction with directly abutted, dyadsymmetric DNA sequences. Data supportive of the model were obtained with chemical probes of protein: DNA complexes.  相似文献   

2.
Evidence that the leucine zipper is a coiled coil   总被引:132,自引:0,他引:132  
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3.
Crystal structure of alpha 1: implications for protein design   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
X-ray diffraction shows the structure of a synthetic protein model, formed from noncovalent self-association of a 12-residue peptide and of sulfate ions at low pH. This peptide is a fragment of a 16-residue polypeptide that was designed to form an amphiphilic alpha helix with a ridge of Leu residues along one helical face. By interdigitation of the leucines of four such helices, the design called for self-association into a four-alpha-helical bundle. The crystal structure (2.7 angstrom resolution; R factor = 0.215) reveals a structure more complex than the design, with both a tetramer and a hexamer. The alpha-helical tetramer with leucine interior has more oblique crossing angles than most four-alpha-helical bundles; the hexamer has a globular hydrophobic core of 12 leucine residues and three associated sulfate ions. Computational analysis suggests that the hexameric association is tighter than the tetrameric one. The consistency of the structure with the design is discussed, as well as the divergence.  相似文献   

4.
Transmembrane protein structure: spin labeling of bacteriorhodopsin mutants   总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21  
Transmembrane proteins serve important biological functions, yet precise information on their secondary and tertiary structure is very limited. The boundaries and structures of membrane-embedded domains in integral membrane proteins can be determined by a method based on a combination of site-specific mutagenesis and nitroxide spin labeling. The application to one polypeptide segment in bacteriorhodopsin, a transmembrane chromoprotein that functions as a light-driven proton pump is described. Single cysteine residues were introduced at 18 consecutive positions (residues 125 to 142). Each mutant was reacted with a specific spin label and reconstituted into vesicles that were shown to be functional. The relative collision frequency of each spin label with freely diffusing oxygen and membrane-impermeant chromium oxalate was estimated with power saturation EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) spectroscopy. The results indicate that residues 129 to 131 form a short water-exposed loop, while residues 132 to 142 are membrane-embedded. The oxygen accessibility for positions 131 to 138 varies with a periodicity of 3.6 residues, thereby providing a striking demonstration of an alpha helix. The orientation of this helical segment with respect to the remainder of the protein was determined.  相似文献   

5.
百日草几丁质酶基因片段克隆及其序列分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张振鲁  张佳诗  隋丽  李启云  王金刚  盛岩  杜茜  汪洋洲 《安徽农业科学》2013,(25):10256-10258,10398
[目的]克隆百日草几丁质酶的基因片段,并对其序列进行分析.[方法]以百日草“梦境”系列为材料,提取其叶片总RNA,并根据其他植物几丁质酶基因保守序列设计简并引物,通过RT-PCR克隆百日草几丁质酶基因片段(ZEchi),并对该基因序列进行分析.[结果]克隆得到的片段长度为227 bp,共编码75个氨基酸残基;核苷酸同源性分析表明,ZEchi与已报道的其他植物几丁质酶基因同源性达70%以上,其中与葡萄的同源性最高,为74%;氨基酸同源性分析表明,该几丁质酶多肽属于18家族几丁质酶,且与已报道的其他植物几丁质酶氨基酸序列具有70%以上的相似性;氨基酸聚类分析表明,该几丁质酶多肽与白车轴草和蒺藜苜蓿的几丁质酶聚类;生物信息学分析表明,由该基因片段编码的多肽为非跨膜蛋白,主要含α螺旋和随机线圈螺旋等二级结构.[结论]该研究为进一步研究几丁质酶基因的功能奠定了基础.  相似文献   

6.
7.
Helix signals in proteins   总被引:56,自引:0,他引:56  
The alpha helix, first proposed by Pauling and co-workers, is a hallmark of protein structure, and much effort has been directed toward understanding which sequences can form helices. The helix hypothesis, introduced here, provides a tentative answer to this question. The hypothesis states that a necessary condition for helix formation is the presence of residues flanking the helix termini whose side chains can form hydrogen bonds with the initial four-helix greater than N-H groups and final four-helix greater than C-O groups; these eight groups would otherwise lack intrahelical partners. This simple hypothesis implies the existence of a stereochemical code in which certain sequences have the hydrogen-bonding capacity to function as helix boundaries and thereby enable the helix to form autonomously. The three-dimensional structure of a protein is a consequence of the genetic code, but the rules relating sequence to structure are still unknown. The ensuing analysis supports the idea that a stereochemical code for the alpha helix resides in its boundary residues.  相似文献   

8.
9.
A strategy, termed homolog-scanning mutagenesis, was used to identify the epitopes on human growth hormone (hGH) for binding to its cloned liver receptor and eight different monoclonal antibodies (Mab's). Segments of sequences (7 to 30 residues long) that were derived from homologous hormones known not to bind to the hGH receptor or Mab's, were systematically substituted throughout the hGH gene to produce a set of 17 chimeric hormones. Each Mab or receptor was categorized by a particular subset of mutant hormones was categorized by a particular subset of mutant hormones that disrupted binding. Each subset of the disruptive mutations mapped within close proximity on a three-dimensional model of hGH, even though the residues changed within each subset were usually distant in the primary sequence. The mapping analysis correctly predicted those Mab's which could or could not block binding of the receptor to hGH and further suggested (along with other data) that the folding of these chimeric hormones is like that of HGH. By this analysis, three discontinuous polypeptide determinants in hGH--the loop between residues 54 and 74, the central portion of helix 4 to the carboxyl terminus, and to a lesser extent the amino-terminal region of helix 1--modulate binding to the liver receptor. Homolog-scanning mutagenesis should be of general use in identifying sequences that cause functional variation among homologous proteins.  相似文献   

10.
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