饲粮添加胸腺肽对肉鸡增重、免疫及内分泌的影响

１日龄Ａｖａｉｎ鸡１６０只，分为４组，Ⅰ组为对照组，饲喂代谢能１２～１３４ＭＪ／ｋｇ，粗蛋白２１％～２３％的基础日粮。Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组为试验组，在基础日粮基础上于１～１０日龄期间分别添加０６４４、１３２８、２６５６ｍｇ／只·ｄ的胸腺肽。试验期４２ｄ，结果表明：（１）４２日龄时，各试验组鸡的平均体重高于对照组，其中Ⅲ、Ⅳ组与对照组相比差异显著（Ｐ＜００５）。（２）２３日龄Ｔ淋巴细胞百分率高于对照组，其中Ⅱ组与对照组相比差异显著（Ｐ＜００５），Ⅲ、Ⅳ组与对照组相比差异极显著（Ｐ＜００１）。３８日龄时，各试验组Ｔ淋巴细胞百分率仍高于对照组，但差异不显著（Ｐ＜００５）。（３）各试验组血浆Ｔ３、Ｔ４浓度高于对照组，在２８日龄时Ⅲ、Ⅳ组Ｔ４浓度显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜００５）。（４）各试验组血浆ＧＨ浓度比对照组高，但差异不显著（Ｐ＞００５）。     

甜菜碱对断奶仔猪的作用效果及其机理探讨

１２０ 头“杜长加”断奶仔猪按饲养试验要求分成５ 组（每组３ 个重复,每一重复８ 头,公母各半）对照组饲以基础饲粮,试验饲粮在基础饲粮中分别添加６００,８００,１ ０００, １ ２００ ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 甜菜碱试验为期３６ ｄ结果显示：不同剂量甜菜碱均提高了断奶仔猪的日采食量和日增重,降低了料重比 其中 ８００ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 甜菜碱组效果最为显著,日采食量和日增重比对照组分别提高了８７１％ （Ｐ＜ ００５）和 １１８２％（Ｐ＜ ００５）,料重比降低２７９％ （Ｐ＜ ００５）;且显著降低了血清尿素氮含量（Ｐ＜ ００１）,提高了血清总铁结合力、生长激素和类胰岛素生长因子Ⅰ（ＩＧＦⅠ）水平（Ｐ＜ ００５）此外,添加８００ ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 甜菜碱明显改变了断奶仔猪的胴体组成     

饵料中添加酶制剂对异育银鲫消化和增重的影响

在异育银鲫的日粮中添加不同剂量的酶制剂, 观察其对异育银鲫消化和增重的影响。在试验１中, 将１８０尾异育银鲫分成４组, 日粮中分别添加０, ０５, １０和１５ ｇ／ｋｇ 的酶制剂, 试验期４１ ｄ。结果表明, 添加０５ ｇ／ｋｇ 组的异育银鲫增重率最高, 与对照组相比差异显著 （ Ｐ ＜ ００１）; 饲料表观消化率最高, 但与对照组相比, 差异不显著 （ Ｐ ＞ ００５）。在试验２中, 将１８０尾异育银鲫分为５组, 分别添加酶制剂０, ０２５, ０５０, ０７５和１００ ｇ／ｋｇ, 饲养３３ ｄ。结果０７５ ｇ／ｋｇ 酶制剂组异育银鲫增重率最高, 与对照组相比高２６９８％ （ Ｐ ＜ ００１）, 且饲料消耗最低, 较对照组低１９８５％ （ Ｐ ＜ ００１）。由此认为异育银鲫日粮中酶制剂添加量以０７５ ｇ／ｋｇ 为宜。     

沙布他莫尔对肉仔鸡营养物质代谢的影响

选用４２日龄商品代艾维因（Ａｒｉａｎ）肉鸡１８０只，随机分为３组，Ⅰ组为对照组，Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组分别向日粮中添加１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ、２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的沙布他莫尔（Ｓａｌｂｕｔａｍｏｌ），至５６日龄时，进行采血，测定与脂肪代谢及蛋白质代谢有关的血液生化指标。结果表明，沙布他莫尔使肉鸡体内物质代谢发生改变，血清甘油三酯含量降低（Ｐ＜００１），胆固醇含量及游离脂肪酸含量均提高（Ｐ＜００５），血清尿酸氮含量显著降低（Ｐ＜００１），转氨酶及总蛋白含量提高（Ｐ＜００５），说明沙布他莫尔可以促进脂肪的分解和蛋白质的合成。     

番鸭产蛋期日粮蛋白质水平

在相同饲养管理条件下，饲喂相同料量，测定３种相同代谢能（１１．０７７ＭＪ·ｋｇ＾－１）不同蛋白质水平（１９．５％、１８．０％、１６．５％）的日粮对种番鸭第一产蛋期产蛋性能的影响。结果表明，饲喂不同蛋白质水平日粮的３组种鸭，其产蛋率分别为４５．１０％、４８．４％和５１．２％；高峰期平均蛋重分别为７８．７、８１．０和７９．８ｇ；经方差分析，３组的产蛋率、蛋重及蛋品质差异均不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５），可见日     

番鸭产蛋期日粮蛋白质水平

在相同饲养管理条件下，饲喂相同料量，测定３种相同代谢能（１１．０７７ＭＪｋｇ－１）不同蛋白质水平（１９．５％、１８．０％、１６．５％）的日粮对种番鸭第一产蛋期产蛋性能的影响．结果表明，饲喂不同蛋白质水平日粮的３组种鸭，其产蛋率分别为４５．１０％、４８．４％和５１．２％；高峰期平均蛋重分别为７８．７、８１．０和７９．８ｇ；经方差分析，３组的产蛋率、蛋重及蛋品质差异均不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），可见日粮粗蛋白质水平为１６．５％，可满足种番鸭的产蛋需要，其相应的蛋能比为１４．９μｇＪ－１     

贵农金黄鸡0—14周龄生长鸡能量,蛋白需要的研究

对贵农金黄鸡０￣１４周龄阶段的代谢能（ＭＥ）、粗蛋白质（ＣＰ）需要量的研究结果表明：贵农金黄鸡０￣６周龄以ＭＥ１２．１３ＭＪ／ｋｇ、ＣＰ１９％、蛋能比１５．７ｇ／ＭＪ为宜；７￣１４周龄以ＭＥ１２．１３ＭＪ／ｋｇ、ＣＰ１５％、蛋能比１２．４ｇ／ＭＪ为宜。     

麦饭石饲喂育肥猪的试验研究

于延边州种畜场选择２１头健康、平均体重３２ｋｇ的长白猪，分为两个试验组和一个对照组，进行了为期６０天的添加和龙麦饭石饲喂育肥猪增重试验，结果表明：试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别比对照组多增重３．６ｋｇ和６．６ｋｇ，提高饲料转化率１１．４３％和２１．８８％，说明和龙麦饭石对猪增重有明显的效果，具有广泛的推广使用价值，建议在日粮中添加和龙麦饭石１．５—２．０％为宜。     

麦饭石饲喂育肥猪的试验研究

于延边州种畜场选择２１头健康、平均体重３２ｋｇ的长白猪，分为两个试验组和一个对照组，进行了为期６０天的添加和龙麦饭石饲喂育肥猪增重试验，结果表明：试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别比对照组多增重３．６ｋｇ和６．６ｋｇ，提高饲料转化率１１．４３％和２１．８８％，说明和龙麦饭石对猪增重有明显的效果，具有广泛的推广使用价值，建议在日粮中添加和龙麦饭石１．５－２．０％为宜。     

紫草等中草药对粤黄雏公鸡去势效果的观察

在粤黄雏公鸡的日粮中添加了不同剂量（试验Ⅰ组０７５％、试验Ⅱ组１５０％、试验Ⅲ组３００％）的紫草等中草药提取物。在雏公鸡生长的第６、８周龄时，试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组体重显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜００５和Ｐ＜００１），１０周龄时各组体重无显著差异（Ｐ＞００５）。在第８、１０周龄时，各试验组鸡的睾丸重、睾丸指数和血清睾酮水平均显著（Ｐ＜００５）或极显著（Ｐ＜００１）地低于对照组鸡的数值。添加中草药还极显著抑制鸡冠和肉髯的发育，并显著提高了胸肌中粗蛋白含量，但对腿肌粗蛋白含量、胸腿肌中水分和粗脂肪含量无显著影响。上述结果提示本试验所用紫草等中草药提取物具有促进粤黄雏公鸡生长、抑制性腺和冠髯长育、降低血清睾酮水平及改善肉质的作用，表现很强的去势效果     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

锌对镉·汞复合污染下豌豆幼苗生长的影响

以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。