栽培稻与普通野生稻BC_1群体分子连锁图的构建和株高的QTL分析

本研究用江西东乡普野和桂朝 2号的 115株 BC1群体 ,构建了一个长度为 1418.2 c M、包含 12 0个RFL P标记的遗传图谱 ,标记间的平均距离为 11.8c M。该图谱除第 1染色体短臂上的标记的顺序与日本水稻基因组计划发表的图谱不同外 ,其他染色体上相对应的标记的顺序及标记之间的遗传距离基本一致。该图谱为定位栽、野之间重要的分类性状和农艺性状以及进一步研究野生稻进化到栽培稻的分子进化机理奠定了基础。利用该图谱 ,对控制株高的 QTL s分析结果表明 ,控制株高有 6个 QTL s,他们分别位于第 1,3,4 ,5 ,8和 9染色体上 ,其中位于第 1染色体 C95 5— R1613间为 1个主效基因 ,并对主效基因的来源进行了讨论。最后作者提出 ,在野生稻驯化为栽培稻的过程中 ,株高由高变矮是微效基因突变与主效基因突变相结合并通过长期积累而成的     

水稻品种Acc8558抗白叶枯病的抗性基因定位

以高抗白叶枯病水稻品种 Acc8558和高感品种 H359为亲本 ,采用单粒传方法建立一个重组自交系群体 ,利用该群体构建了一张包含 2 2 5个分子标记的连锁图 .1996、1997年对该群体连续 2 a进行了白叶枯病抗性鉴定 ,并对白叶枯病抗性基因进行了定位分析 .结果表明 ,白叶枯病的抗性由 1对主效基因控制 ,且存在一些微效的修饰基因 .该主效基因位于第 5号染色体的 R830与 P2 2 / M17- 4两标记之间 ,距 R830和 P2 2 / M17- 4的距离分别约为 4 .8c M和 6 .1c M     

利用F2及其衍生群体定位陆地棉产量和纤维品质性状QTLs

以陆地棉(Gossypiumhirsutum L.)丰产品种中棉所35和优质品种渝棉1号杂交产生的F2群体为材料,利用SSR标记构建了包含46个连锁群和303个位点的连锁图谱.该图覆盖2 543.6 c M,约占四倍体棉花基因组的57.2%,标记间平均距离为8.4 c M.应用MQM作图法分析F2及其衍生群体家系的产量和纤维品质性状,共得到25个产量和23个纤维品质性状QTLs,其中1个QTL(qFS07-1)在3个环境下检测到,2个QTLs(qFS20-1和qFS21-1)在2个环境下检测到.在检测到的QTLs中,22个分布在A亚组,26个分布在D亚组.     

冷水胁迫下水稻分蘖期耐冷性状QTL定位研究

以黑龙江地区高产优质水稻品种东农422和耐冷性强水稻品种空育131为亲本,构建F2 3代180个家系为作图群体.在分蘖期17℃人工冷水胁迫下,进行水稻耐冷性鉴定.以SSR标记构建分子连锁图谱为基础,根据微卫星标记间的距离和顺序绘制一个包含75个SSR标记的遗传连锁图谱.构建的连锁图谱总共覆盖水稻基因组约1351.7 cM,标记间平均距离为19.04 cM.对水稻分蘖期的苗高、分蘖数、地上部生长量、叶绿素含量及其冷水反应指数(CRI)进行数量性状基因座(QTLs)的定位研究.结果表明,上述性状经冷水胁迫后,在F3家系群中均表现为单峰的连续分布,推断分蘖期耐冷性是由主效基因和微效基因共同控制的数量性状.共检测到与冷水胁迫下分蘖期苗高、分蘖数、地上部生长量和叶绿素含量及其冷水反应指数相关的QTL 21个,分布于第2、3、5、6、7、8和12条染色体上.     

利用AFLP构建棉花遗传图谱及纤维品质性状QTL分析

利用AFLP分子标记技术,以陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)品种中棉所8号与海岛棉(Gossypium barbadense L.)品种Pima90杂交产生的F2群体为材料,构建了包含11个连锁群和86个标记位点(31个标记位点前人未曾报道)的连锁图谱,图谱总长562.4 c M,约占棉花基因组的12.5%,标记间平均距离为6.5 c M。该图谱有5个连锁群被定位到相应的染色体上,6个连锁群未定位于染色体上。应用复合区间作图法分析F2单株和F2∶3家系的纤维品质性状,检测到11个与纤维品质有关的QTL,包括5个纤维长度(FL)、3个整齐度(FU)、1个马克隆值(FM)、2个伸长率(FE)的QTL,分别解释表型变异的17.7%~38.3%、16.3%~24.2%、24.7%、22.2%~46.5%。     

水稻sd-l基因分子标记的建立

水稻半矮生品种对改良株型 ,提高干物质生产能力有良好的效果 ,同时表现高度的抗倒伏性 ,因而对世界各稻作地区的增产起着极为主要的作用。我们发现水稻半矮生性基因 sd- l与不同的微效基因共同作用 ,可以使水稻株高这一性状有不同的表现。因而适当的株高成为理想株形和超高产育种的一个重要方面。在我们及其他研究者的 RFL P分子标记研究中 ,已经将 sd- l基因定位到第一染色体上 ,与 RFLP标记 C86和 C1 91 A分别相距 4.4c M和 9.0 1 c M,而与 RG1 0 9紧密连锁 ,为将 sd- l分子标记方便地用于育种计划 ,我们开始建立基于 PCR的 sd- …     

水稻叶片相对含水量性状的QTL定位分析

水稻耐旱性较复杂,在干旱胁迫下,叶片相对含水量的性状可以作为品种参考依据。本文利用耐旱性好的籼稻品种“绿旱1号”与粳稻品种“日本晴”构建杂交 F2群体,进行叶片相对含水量的 QTL定位分析,结果表明：在第4、6染色体上找到2个 QTL位点,分别位于标记在4-27M与4-23M之间和6-3M和RM276之间,对表型变异的贡献率范围为4.81%～6.43%。     

水稻叶片相对含水量性状的QTL定位分析（英文）

水稻耐旱性较复杂,在干旱胁迫下,叶片相对含水量的性状可以作为品种参考依据。本文利用耐旱性好的籼稻品种"绿旱1号"与粳稻品种"日本晴"构建杂交F2群体,进行叶片相对含水量的QTL定位分析,结果表明:在第4、6染色体上找到2个QTL位点,分别位于标记在4-27M与4-23M之间和6-3M和RM276之间,对表型变异的贡献率范围为4.81%~6.43%。     

基于ISSR图谱构建华中利川和华东苏杭莼菜品种的分子身份证

采用ISSR分子标记技术获得华中利川莼菜和华东苏杭莼菜品种间的DNA指纹图谱,以构建其分子身份证。利用莼菜基因组DNA的ISSR扩增带型多态性分析数据,对居群间UPGMA聚类分析显示6个莼菜居群形成华中利川和华东苏杭2个分支。个体间UPGMA聚类分析也显示华中利川3个居群的23个莼菜个体聚类成一个分支,而华东苏杭3个居群的23个个体聚类成另一分支。其中,3条核心ISSR引物(P817、P825、P845)扩增产生的指纹图谱,可用于构建苏杭莼菜和利川莼菜2个地域性品种特异的分子身份证。研究结果表明:ISSR标记用于鉴别华中利川和华东苏杭莼菜品种种质资源是有效的,同时揭示了地理位置的隔离及气候地带的差异化与它们在分子水平上的分化是一致的;采用多种分子标记联合构建不同莼菜品种的分子身份证数据库,并与传统性状特征相结合,将有利于更准确地鉴定莼菜品种资源。     

用2个不同来源的DNA探针构建水稻RFLP连锁图谱

基于籼稻品种圭６３０与粳稻品种台湾粳杂交产生的一个包含１１１个株系的加倍单倍体（ＤＨ）群体,构建了一个水稻ＲＦＬＰ连锁图谱,该图谱（记为ＤＨ图谱）含有１７５个ＲＦＬＰ座位,全长１２２４．６ｃＭ,相邻标记间平均距离７．０ｃＭ,用于ＲＦＬＰ分析的探针选自分别由日本水稻基因组计划（ＲＧＰ）和美国康耐尔大学（ＣＵ）构建的２个水稻图谱,９个染色体区域发现明显的偏分离,但ＤＨ图谱与ＲＧＰ和ＣＵ图谱之间仍表现出     

Molecular Mapping QTLs for Gel Consistency in Rice

A population of 152 recombinant inbred lines (RIIs) derived from a cross between CT9993, a japonica rice with hard consistency (GC) and Khoa Dawk Mali105 (KDML 105 ), a famous Thai rice(Oryza sativa L. ) with medium GC, was used for GC quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analysis. Three linkage maps were constructed with RFLP, AFLP and microsatellite (SSLP) markers. The first one consists of 83 RFLP markers with 17.53 cM of an average distance between markers. The second one consists of 83 RFLP and 69 AFLP markers with 13.22 cM average distance between markers and the third one consists of 83 RFLP, 69 AFLP and 15 SSLP markers, and has an average distance of 12.98 cM between markers. Based on these three maps, QTLs conferring GC were analyzed. The results show that GC is mainly controlled by two linked loci,which are located at the two flanks of RFLP marker R2170 on chromosome 3. The distance between the two linked QTLs is 25 cM and the two QTLs were determined by a LOD scores larger than 16.0. The number of minor QTIs controlling GC varies from 4- 9 in the three different linkage maps.     

Construction of Genetic Linkage Map Based on SSR Markers in Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)

Molecular genetic maps of crop species can be used in a variety of ways in breeding and genomic research such as identification and mapping of genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for morphological, physiological and economic traits of crop species. However, a comprehensive genetic linkage map for cultivated peanut has not yet been developed due to the extremely low frequency of DNA polymorphism in cultivated peanut. In this study, 142 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between Yueyou 13 and Zhenzhuhei were used as mapping population in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). A total 652 pairs of genomic-SSR primer and 392 pairs of EST-SSR primer were used to detect the polymorphisms between the two parents. 141 SSR primer pairs, 127 genomic-SSR and 14 EST-SSR ones, which can be used to detect polymorphisms between the two parents, were selected to analyze the RILs population. Thus, a linkage genetic map which consists of 131 SSR loci in 20 linkage groups, with a coverage of 679 cM and an average of 6.12 cM of inter-maker distance was constructed. The putative functions of 12 EST-SSR markers located on the map were analyzed. Eleven showed homology to gene sequences deposited in GenBank. This is the first report of construction of a comprehensive genetic map with SSR markers in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The map presented here will provide a genetic framework for mapping the qualitative and quantitative trait in peanut.     

基于EST-SSR标记甘薯连锁图谱构建及淀粉性状的QTL定位

【目的】利用分子标记技术,构建甘薯遗传连锁图谱,并分析甘薯淀粉含量性状的QTL位点,为高淀粉含量甘薯种质资源利用及甘薯分子标记辅助育种提供理论和实践依据。【方法】以高淀粉含量品种万薯5号为母本、低淀粉含量品种商丘52-7为父本建立杂交群体,利用EST-SSR标记,采用"双假测交"策略和运用Join Map4.0软件,分别构建双亲遗传连锁图谱,并结合F1(2012、2013年)群体表型数据采用区间作图法对淀粉含量性状进行QTL检测。【结果】利用1 679对EST-SSR引物筛选出的1 045对多态性引物检测F1群体的标记基因型,获得了1 418个标记位点。分别对上述获得的父母本多态性标记进行遗传连锁分析,在LOD≥5.0情况下,分别构建父母本的连锁遗传图谱。采用642个标记的多态性位点构建母本连锁群74个,其中,215个标记位点位于连锁图谱上,占标记多态性位点总数的33.5%。每个连锁群上有2—11个标记位点,连锁群长度在0.6—129.4 cM,图谱总长为3 826.07 c M,标记间平均距离为17.80 c M。属于父本的776个标记位点构建了80个连锁群,共有252个标记位点构建在连锁图谱上,占标记总数的32.5%,每个连锁群上有2—24个标记位点,连锁群长度在2.0—156.8 c M,图谱总长为3 955.0 cM,标记间平均距离为15.7 c M。以F1杂交群体构建的遗传连锁图谱,结合2012年、2013年2个环境,利用QTL作图软件MapQTL5.0,采用区间作图法进行分析,共检测到17个与淀粉含量性状相关的QTL,贡献率在8.4%—40.5%。其中qWsc-1、qWsc-2、qWsc-3 3个QTL位于母本万薯5号连锁群上,且在2年环境中均可检测到;14个QTL位于父本商丘52-7连锁群上,qSsc-1、qSsc-2、qSsc-3、qSsc-4、qSsc-8、qSsc-10、qSsc-11、qSsc-12是在2个环境均检测到的QTL。qSsc-5、qSsc-6、qSsc-7、qSsc-9、qSsc-13、qSsc-14是只在1个环境检测到的QTL。标记GDAAS0603在双亲中和2个环境中均同时检测到,这些环境稳定QTL可用于分子标记辅助选择。【结论】分别构建了亲本EST-SSR分子标记连锁群图谱,丰富了构建甘薯图谱的标记类型,定位了17个与淀粉含量相关的QTL位点。     

A genetic linkage map with 178 SSR and 1901 SNP markers constructed using a RIL population in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The construction of high density genetic linkage map provides a powerful tool to detect and map quantitative trait loci(QTLs) controlling agronomically important traits. In this study, simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers and Illumina 9K i Select single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) genechip were employed to construct one genetic linkage map of common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) using 191 recombinant inbred lines(RILs) derived from cross Yu 8679×Jing 411. This map included 1 901 SNP loci and 178 SSR loci, covering 1 659.9 c M and 1 000 marker bins, with an average interval distance of 1.66 c M. A, B and D genomes covered 719.1, 703.5 and 237.3 c M, with an average interval distance of 1.66, 1.45 and 2.9 c M, respectively. Notably, the genetic linkage map covered 20 chromosomes, with the exception of chromosome 5D. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that 1 754(92.27%) of 1 901 mapped SNP loci could be aligned to 1 215 distinct wheat unigenes, among which 1 184(97.4%) were located on o ne single chromosome, and the rest 31(2.6%) were located on 2 to 3 chromosomes. By performing in silico comparison, 214 chromosome deletion bin-mapped expressed sequence tags(ESTs), 1 043 Brachypodium genes and 1 033 rice genes were further added onto the genetic linkage map. This map not only integrated genetic and physical maps, SSR and SNP loci, respectively, but also provided the information of Brachypodium and rice genes corresponding to 1 754 SNP loci. Therefore, it will be a useful tool for comparative genomics analysis, fine mapping of QTL/gene controlling agronomically important traits and marker-assisted selection breeding in wheat.     

Construction of Genetic Linkage Map Based on SSR Markers in Peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.）

Molecular genetic maps of crop species can be used in a variety of ways in breeding and genomic research such as identification and mapping of genes and quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for morphological, physiological and economic traits of crop species. However, a comprehensive genetic linkage map for cultivated peanut has not yet been developed due to the extremely low frequency of DNA polymorphism in cultivated peanut. In this study, 142 recombinant inbred lines （RILs） derived from a cross between Yueyou 13 and Zhenzhuhei were used as mapping population in peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.）. A total 652 pairs of genomic-SSR primer and 392 pairs of EST-SSR primer were used to detect the polymorphisms between the two parents. 141 SSR primer pairs, 127 genomic-SSR and 14 EST-SSR ones, which can be used to detect polymorphisms between the two parents, were selected to analyze the RILs population. Thus, a linkage genetic map which consists of 131 SSR loci in 20 linkage groups, with a coverage of 679 cM and an average of 6.12 cM of inter-maker distance was constructed. The putative functions of 12 EST-SSR markers located on the map were analyzed. Eleven showed homology to gene sequences deposited in GenBank. This is the first report of construction of a comprehensive genetic map with SSR markers in peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.）. The map presented here will provide a genetic framework for mapping the qualitative and quantitative trait in peanut.     

玉米重组自交系苗期耐盐相关性状QTL的初步定位

[目的]对玉米重组自交系苗期耐盐相关性状进行QTL定位。[方法]以玉米黄早四与Mo17杂交的RIL-F7代171份材料为作图群体,构建其玉米的分子标记遗传图谱,并在此基础上开展对玉米耐盐相差性状的QTL分析。[结果]构建了一张包含81个SSR位点,覆盖了玉米基因组10条染色体,共1 428.3 cM,标记间平均间距为17.63 cM的分子遗传连锁图谱;共检测到6个QTL,分别位于第1、5、6号染色体上。[结论]该研究对深入认识玉米耐盐遗传机理,了解控制玉米耐盐性的基因数目及其在染色体上的位置以及对耐盐性的遗传效应,进行玉米耐盐性育种的分子标记辅助选择和基因克隆均具有极其重要意义。     

Identification of QTLs Related to Bolting in Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis(syn. Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis)

A genetic linkage map of Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis was constructed with 186 AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) markers by using a doubled-haploid (DH) population with 183 individuals. The individuals were derived from F1 which was developed by crossing a bolting resistant DH line Y-177-12 and an easy bolting DH line Y195-93a.AFLPs were generated by the use of restriction enzymes EcoR Ⅰ and Mse Ⅰ. The segregation of each marker and linkage was analyzed by using JoinMap version 3.0. Mapped markers were aligned in ten linkage groups which covered 887.8 cM with an average marker interval of 4.47 cM. Markers showing skewed segregation ratio were clustered in six LGs.Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped for bolting resistance by using MAPQTL 4.0 package. Four QTLs explaining from 7.0 to 9.4% of the total variation were detected, all of them increase bolting resistance. These mapped QTLs could be used to develop a marker assisted selection programme for bolting resistance breeding.     

利用水、旱稻DH系定位产量性状的QTL及其环境互作分析

 为研究水、旱栽培条件对水稻产量及其构成因素QTL表达的影响，以粳型陆稻IRAT109和粳型水稻越富杂交的116个株系的DH群体为材料，利用已构建的水稻分子连锁图（其中94个RFLP标记和71个SSR标记），在水田、旱田栽培条件下，定位了千粒重、结实率、有效穗数、穗粒数及单株产量等性状的QTL。结果表明，水田条件共检测到11个加性QTL和13对上位性QTL，旱田条件下检测到18个加性QTL和17对上位性QTL，其中控制千粒重的2个加性QTL和1对上位性QTL及控制有效穗数的1个加性QTL在水田、旱田条件下都检测到。 检测到11个控制产量性状QTL区域存在一因多效或紧密连锁,其中3个区域也是控制根系性状QTL的热点区。 发现8个加性QTL和8对上位性QTL对表型变异贡献率（以下简称贡献率）大于10％（其中4个加性QTL和5对上位性QTL为旱田条件下检测到），这些高贡献率QTL特别是旱田条件下的高贡献率QTL对旱稻产量性状分子育种具有一定的指导作用。     

Intron-Targeted Intron-Exon Splice Conjunction （IT-ISJ） Marker and Its Application in Construction of Upland Cotton Linkage Map

To develop a new DNA maker, which could be used in genetic diversity analysis and genetic map construction in plants, IT-ISJ （intron targeted intron-exon splice junction） primer combinations, which were designed according to the intronexon splice junction conserved sequences, were used to construct cotton genetic linkage map in the present study. 49 out of 704 IT-ISJ primer combinations showed polymorphism between upland cotton high quality cultivar Yumian 1 and multiple dominant gene line T586, and the polymorphic primer combinations accounted for 7.0% of total primer combinations. 49 IT-ISJ primer combinations were used to genotype 270 F2：7 recombinant inbred lines developed from （Yumian 1 × T586） F2, and 58 IT-ISJ loci were obtained. 58 IT-ISJ, together with 150 SSR and 8 morphological loci, were used to conduct linkage analysis, and a linkage map including 22 linkage groups and 113 loci （49 IT-ISJ, 62 SSR, and 2 morphological loci） was constructed. The linkage map covered 714.5 cM with an average interval of 6.3 cM between two markers, accounting for 16.1% of cotton genome. The present study demonstrated that the polymorphism of IT-ISJ marker is high, and it could be effectively applied in plant genetic map construction.