两种菊酯类农药对鲤血细胞的影响

采用对鲤肌肉注射不同浓度的高效反式氯氰菊酯和功夫菊酯,研究了两种菊酯类农药对鲤血细胞形态、红细胞渗透脆性的影响。结果显示:随两种农药攻毒浓度增大、时间延长,鲤血细胞异形率增大。低浓度(6、60μg/kg)中毒鲤成熟红细胞大小不一,核稍有畸形,淋巴细胞、单核细胞增多,核浆界限不清,有空泡,甚至伴有核溶解的白细胞;而高浓度(600、6 000μg/kg)中毒鲤血细胞中除伴有低浓度中毒症状,还出现了染色质模糊,部分白细胞核浆界限不清,甚至溶解,退化更明显。红细胞渗透脆性亦随攻毒浓度增大、时间延长而增高,且开始溶血点的变化幅度较完全溶血点大,表明最小抵抗值更易受环境因子影响。     

饲料中添加维生素E和二十二碳六烯酸对鲤鱼生长和抗病力的影响

以建鲤鱼种为研究对象,采用3×3双因子试验设计,在基础饲料中分中分别添加0、62.5、185.5 mg·kg-1维生素E(VE),每种维生素E水平分别添加0%、0.5%、1.5%二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)共制成9种试验饲料,探讨饲料中添加不同水平维生素E和DHA对建鲤生产性能、饲料利用和抗病力的影响.结果表明,维生素E的添加对各组特定生长率没有显著影响(p＞0.05).DHA的添加显著影响鲤鱼的特定生长率(P＜005),随DHA的添加,鲤鱼特定生长率显著高于对照组fP相似文献   

五倍子对鲤鱼细菌性败血症的药效试验初报

以0.5%和1.0%五倍子药饵饲喂鲤鱼,通过肝脏和血液指标的测定,研究五倍子对鲤鱼细菌性败血症的药效。结果表明:攻毒前饲喂药饵16d,防治组肝脏酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性升高(P<0.05);攻毒并给药14d,防治组和治疗组血清肌酐、尿酸、尿素氮含量,谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶活性均由8d时高于空白组(P<0.05)降低到正常值或与之基本接近(P>0.05);防治组和治疗组死亡率较对照组极显著降低(P<0.01),并且防治组明显低于治疗组(P<0.05),0.5%和1.0%药饵组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。因此,五倍子增强了鱼体非特异性免疫能力,对细菌性败血症有良好的预防和治疗作用。     

苦马豆素-BSA免疫山羊的血清相关酶评价

 【目的】通过评价SW-BSA免疫山羊的血清相关酶，探索SW-BSA免疫接种后对动物机体组织器官的保护作用。【方法】将24只山羊随机分为免疫对照组、免疫攻毒组和攻毒组，其中免疫对照组和免疫攻毒组接种SW-BSA，免疫攻毒组和攻毒组拌料饲喂10 g/kg BW/d甘肃棘豆草粉攻毒。【结果】血清GOT、GPT、LDH、AKP、BUN、AMA和抗体效价的检测结果表明，免疫攻毒组山羊较攻毒组山羊LDH活性升高延缓28 d，AKP活性升高延缓14 d，AMA活性降低延缓21 d，BUN活性升高延缓14 d，GOT活性升高延缓28 d。攻毒后免疫攻毒组山羊抗SW抗体水平降低，但在攻毒的第21天有一反弹，之后逐渐下降。【结论】这些酶活性延缓变化和抗体水平变化，说明在甘肃棘豆攻毒的前30 d内，SW-BSA能够有效地延缓SW对山羊肝脏、心脏和肾脏等组织器官的损伤。     

蛋氨酸羟基类似物对感染法氏囊病毒鸡的肝脏生化指标的影响

通过测定SPF白来航蛋鸡的肝脏体重比、肝脏生化指标和酶活指标,研究家禽在感染法氏囊病毒(IBDV)引起免疫抑制的情况下液态蛋氨酸羟基类似物(HMA)对肝脏的影响。试验选取50只21日龄SPF蛋鸡随机分为5个处理,分别为攻毒的蛋氨酸缺乏组、正常蛋氨酸组(MET组)、蛋氨酸羟基类似物组,和未攻毒对照的蛋氨酸组和蛋氨酸羟基类似物组,每个处理10个重复。试验期为21d。结果表明:未攻毒情况下和攻毒情况下HMA组相对于MET组肝脏体重比均降低,且攻毒时差异显著(P<0.05);与MET组相比,HMA组在未攻毒情况下,肝脏的蛋白浓度相对高而攻毒时相对低,HMA组的肝脏的抗氧化能力不足;在攻毒情况下,HMA组相对于MET组肝脏的谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、碱性磷酸酶(APK)的酶活力显著增加(P<0.05)。     

猪肺炎支原体对白细胞介素(IL-1β)的影响

为探讨猪肺炎支原体对免疫细胞因子IL-1β的影响,将8头60日龄的猪随机分为2组,每组4头,分别是空白对照组、攻毒组。攻毒前先进行血清抗原抗体凝集试验。攻毒组当天进行Mhp人工攻毒,剂量为5头份.头-1。分别于攻毒7d、14d、21d后采样处理,用ELISA检测白细胞介素(IL-1β)的含量。结果表明:攻毒组在三个时间点血清IL-1β含量都高于空白对照组。攻毒组在攻毒后14d血清IL-1β含量高于攻毒后7d血清IL-1β含量。攻毒组在攻毒14d后血清IL-1β含量高于攻毒后21d血清IL-1β含量。猪肺炎支原体使白细胞介素(IL-1β)的含量显著增强,可以通过检测IL-1β来判断是否患有猪肺炎支原体。     

不同接种途径对人工诱发鸡大肠杆菌病的影响

选择适宜的攻毒剂量和攻毒途径,诱发淮南麻黄鸡大肠杆菌病.将4周龄淮南麻黄鸡80羽随机平均分成4组,分别经滴口滴鼻、皮下注射、肌肉注射接种,用不同稀释度的大肠杆菌O1、O2、O78混合菌悬液攻毒,观察攻毒结果并统计死亡情况,同时设定空白对照组.结果表明,不同攻毒途径对致病性有明显影响,肌肉注射致病性最强,皮下注射次之,滴鼻滴口最弱.不同攻毒途径所需的攻毒剂量各不相同,肌肉注射所需的剂量较小,皮下注射所需的剂量较大,而滴鼻滴口所需的剂量更大且不易成功.还对不同攻毒途径致病性差异的原因进行了探讨.     

珍珠鸡对马立克氏病抗性的研究

1日龄珍珠鸡和黄鸡经腹腔用马立克氏病毒攻击.攻毒后的黄鸡作为阳性对照,未攻毒珍珠鸡作为阴性对照。隔离饲养10周,珍珠鸡对马立克氏病产生抵抗力:(a)攻毒珍珠鸡和未攻毒珍珠鸡在增重和饲料转化率上均无明显差异(p>0.05);(b)攻毒珍珠鸡未发病和死亡,黄鸡组死亡率为50%;(c)攻毒珍珠鸡未见到任何肉眼病变;(d)羽囊琼脂扩散沉淀试验表明,所有珍珠鸡均阴性,黄鸡组阳性率达100%。     

中药对急诊鸡感染IBDV后淋巴器官损伤度及血浆糖皮质激素（GC）浓度的影响

本试验选用150只1日龄京白904混合雏鸡随机分为三组，I组为给中药攻毒组，Ⅱ组为不给中药攻毒组，Ⅲ组为空白对照组。试验结果表明；感染IBDV后第3天至第6天，雏鸡淋巴器官损伤程度最严重。Ⅰ组淋巴器官损伤程度明显低于Ⅱ组，即比Ⅱ组低40％以上。血浆GC浓度在人工感染IBDV后第3天至第6天含量最高，以后逐渐下降，与攻毒前相比无显著差异性（P＞0．05），Ⅱ组雏鸡血浆GC浓度在感染后第3天急剧升高，与攻毒前相比有显著差异性（P＜0．05），这表明鸡对IBDV感染的抵抗力与血浆中GC水平呈负相关。     

中药对雏鸡感染IBDV后淋巴器官损伤度及血浆糖皮质激素(GC)浓度的影响

本试验选用150只1日龄京白904混合雏鸡随机分为三组。Ⅰ组为给中药攻毒组，Ⅱ组为不给中药攻毒组，Ⅲ组为空白对照组。试验结果表明：感染IBDV后第3天至第6天，雏鸡淋巴器官损伤程度最严重。Ⅰ组淋巴器官损伤程度明显低于Ⅱ组，即比Ⅱ组低40％以上。血浆GC浓度在人工感染IBDV后第3天至第6天含量最高，以后逐渐下降，与攻毒前相比无显著差异性（P＞0．05）。Ⅱ组雏鸡血浆GC浓度在感染后第3天急剧升高，与攻毒前相比有显著差异性（P＜0．05）。这表明鸡对IBDV感染的抵抗力与血浆中GC水平呈负相关。     

Drosophila melanogaster: Inheritance of a Deficiency of Alkaline Phosphatase in Larvae

A deficiency of the normally prominent alkaline phosphatase zone (by starch-gel electrophoresis) has been discovered in a newly investigated laboratory strain of Drosophila melonogaster. Mating experiments indicate that genetic control is by an allele of a previously described electrophoretic variation. Heterozygotes resulting from crosses of the deficient type and the fast electrophoretic variant show only the fast phenotype. In deficient x slow heterozygotes, however, there is a new band that does not correspond in electrophoretic mobility with any of the bands of other heterozygous or homozygous types. It is suggested that the allele responsible for the deficiency leads to the manufacture of an inactive subunit that is able to hybridize with the subunits of the slow electrophoretic form.     

Histone synthesis in vitro by cytoplasmic microsomes from HeLa cells

HeLa cell microsomes incorporate labeled amino acids in vitro into acid-soluble proteins which have the same electrophoretic mobility as histones isolated from tile purified HeLa cell nuclei. The capacity to Svnthesize histones in vitro is dependent on deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in the cells from which the microsonal fraction is prepared.     

RNA metabolism in tracheal epithelium: alteration in hamsters deficient in vitamin A

The electrophoretic pattern of RNA molecules that are synthesized in vitro in tracheal epithelium from hamsters deficient in vitamin A differs from that of RNA synthesized in normal, pair-fed control hamsters. There is less RNA of low electrophoretic mobility in the epithelial cells deficient in vitamin A. This alteration is reversed after the deficient animals have been treated with vitamin A.     

Separation of spores from diploid cells of yeast by stable-flow free-boundary electrophoresis

By the use of stable-flow free-boundary (Staflo) electrophoresis and the electrophoretic mobility difference between ascospores and diploid cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a mixture of the two can be separated into spore and diploid cell fractions. The spore fraction that is obtained can then be used for genetic analysis.     

Hybridization experiments: evidence of dissociation equilibrium in hemerythrin

Partial succinylation of hemerythrin alters its electrophoretic mobility even though it remains an octameric macromolecule. Mixtures of this modified protein and unmodified hemerythrin generate species of intermediate electrophoretic mobility. Such behavior provides strong evidence that the octameric macromolecule is in mobile equilibrium with monomeric subunits.     

Electrophoretic variation of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase

A specific method for starch-gel electrophoresis of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase has been developed. Electrophoresis of red-cell hemolyzate from normal subjects and subjects homozygous for the Duarte variant has shown that the Duarte variant has a slightly faster electrophoretic mobility than the normal enzyme under the various conditions used. Molecular-weight estimation on Sephadex G-200 indicates that this observed difference in electrophoreticmobility of the Duarte variant is not due to difference in molecular size. Both enzymes have a molecular weigh of approximately 85,000.     

Induction of altered c-src product during neural differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells

The expression of the cellular src gene product pp60c-src was examined in an embryonal carcinoma cell line that differentiates in vitro into neuronlike cells after being treated with retinoic acid. Quantitative and qualitative changes in c-src expression accompanied the events associated with neuronal differentiation. The levels of pp60c-src increased 8- to 20-fold during the period when the cells elaborated neuritic processes and expressed neuron-specific proteins. The electrophoretic mobility of pp60c-src induced in these cells was retarded in comparison with that in untreated cells or in treated cells before neurite elaboration. The shift in electrophoretic mobility was due to an alteration in the amino terminal 16,000 daltons of pp60c-src and similar to an alteration of c-src protein found in neural tissues and in pure primary cultures of neuronal cells. These results indicate that expression of pp60c-src induced by retinoic acid in these embryonal carcinoma cells mimics the expression of c-src in developing neurons. Therefore, this embryonal carcinoma cell line provides a model system to investigate the function of the src protein in neuronal differentiation.     

Externally suppressible proline quadruplet ccc U

Three (+1) frameshift mutations located at different genetic sites respond with high specificity to the same external suppressor. In each case, the suppressor restores small amounts of protein that is normal in electrophoretic mobility and heat stability. One of these proteins has been shown to have the wildtype amino acid sequence. The messenger RNA quadruplet CCCUappears to be common to all three frameshift sites and to be translated by the suppressor as proline. A likely suppressor agent is a proline transfer RNA with a quadruplet anticodon or its functional equivalent.     

Hexokinase isoenzymes in human erythrocytes

The electrophoretic mobility of hexokinase from human erythrocytes and other tissues was studied with a new method that depends on the fluorescence of reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate for detecting enzyme activity on starch gel. The hexokinase of cord-blood erythrocytes has slightly different electrophoretic properties from that of adult red cells. Type I enzyme is split into type I(A) and type I(F); the latter is more intense in cord blood; in hemolyzates of adult blood, the activity of the two bands is usually about equal. No type II enzyme was found in cord blood. The double type I band was present in red cells from adult rabbits.     

Mouse lysozyme production by a monocytoma: isolation and comparison with other lysozymes

A transplantable mouse tumor, GPC-11, produces large amounts of lysozyme. The tumor is a reticulum cell sarcoma, type A, and is a neoplasm of monocytes. The lysozyme was purified from mouse urine in quantities sufficient for structural analysis. Comparison of mouse lysozyme with lysozymes from; chicken egg white and patients with monocytic leukemia reveals similarities in size and electrophoretic mobility and, with human lysozyme, in functional properties; but considerable differences are found in antigenic characteristics and amino acid composition.