美丽乡村建设背景下传统村落的保护与发展——以大理白族自治州鹤庆县东登村为例

在美丽乡村建设的热潮下,传统村落正经历着快速城镇化的危机,面临空心化、格局破坏、景观衰退、文化丧失等问题。以大理白族自治州鹤庆县东登村为例,探究美丽乡村建设及快速城镇化背景下传统村落的保护发展策略,提出从乡村人居环境、乡村风貌、乡村产业、乡村文化四个方面实现乡村的"四美"。     

基于产业发展导向的美丽乡村景观规划实践探析——以惠州市大良村为例

探究乡土产业结构优化与乡村景观品质提升有机融合的美丽乡村发展路径，对美丽乡村建设具有十分重要的指导意义。随着城镇化的快速发展，传统村落景观受到了巨大的冲击，乡村问题的根源是乡村复合生态系统的失衡。本文以惠州市大良村为例，针对美丽乡村建设存在的问题，以产业发展为导向，从景观规划设计视角提出了乡村景观规划建设策略，以期为化解乡村生态保护和开发建设之间的矛盾提供新的规划建设思路。     

美丽乡村视域下传统村落景观改造策略研究

在美丽乡村建设和乡村振兴战略的大背景下,传统村落迎来发展新机遇,景观改造是改善农村风貌的关键步骤,是农村新业态形成的基础.目前,现有传统村落的景观改造出现了乡土历史建筑毁损失修、风格混乱不一、丧失地域原真性、艺术介入成分较少等问题.本文以丰富的田野调查资料和美丽乡村实地项目为依托,总结出在传统村落景观改造中应遵循保护为主、整体协调、提升色彩、空间美学等原则范式.结合国内外的理论成果和成功案例,提出融合产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明等理念的传统村落景观改造策略.对历史建筑进行功能置换延续传统文脉,系统规划各期改造项目保持风格协调,融合历史性和艺术性地域符号以保护原真性,增强村民村落保护开发参与能力以及改造中注重艺术体验和审美追求等,在改善传统村落物质空间环境的同时留住乡愁,实现传统村落的全面可持续发展.     

试论珠三角美丽乡村建设中村落风水林保护与优化

村落风水林是珠三角美丽乡村建设中的宝贵财富,也是美丽乡村建设中的地标。本文着眼于珠三角村落风水林的发展现状,分析村落风水林保护优化与珠三角美丽乡村建设的关系,分别从布局、结构、功能、管护等方面探索其保护和优化的策略,以期营造"村在林中、人在绿中"的宜居利居乐居的美丽乡村。     

海岛传统村落文化基因的景观表达——以舟山群岛为例

为改变现存古村落逐渐衰落、普遍呈现出空心化的现状,从文化地理学角度出发,并结合海岛地域特色,采用"景观基因法"研究海岛传统村落文化基因景观表达形式,从物质文化和非物质文化两个表达载体展开分析。通过对舟山群岛新区传统村落文化基因的提炼,提出适合海岛地域特色的传统村落保护策略和景观改造路径,为尽早实现"两美浙江"和舟山群岛新区"建设美丽乡村"提供一定理论支撑。     

休闲乡村发展模式

在美丽中国背景下出现了以休闲旅游理念建设农村的新模式。基于此,阐述休闲乡村的概念及分类特点,表明休闲乡村是一种将农村的生态资源、村落资源、文化民俗资源等有机结合,有效推动农村发展的新模式。     

温州市打造美丽乡村升级版的思路和举措

正2016年是"十三五"规划的开局之年,梳理总结"十二五"时期温州市美丽乡村建设的成果,借鉴各地经验,研究提出"十三五"时期美丽乡村建设的思路对策,对打造温州市美丽乡村升级版,进一步推进生态文明建设有重要意义。1.美丽乡村建设概况和成效"十二五"时期,温州市以"四美三宜两园"为目标,以城乡统筹综合改革为统领,从人居环境、基础设施和历史文化村落保护利用着手,深入实施"千村整治、百村示范"工程,历史文化村落保     

美丽乡村建设背景下传统村落保护和发展策略研究——以张家口市黄花坪村为例

立足于美丽乡村建设的时代背景,将张家口市传统村落黄花坪做为研究对象,针对其自身发展过程中存在的问题,从更新传统民居、完善基础设施、优化产业结构和提高保护意识四个方面探索贴近传统村落实际的保护与发展策略。     

美丽乡村建设与休闲农业发展的思考

建设幸福村居,打造美丽乡村,坚持把美丽乡村建设与休闲农业发展、农民增收和民生改善紧密结合起来,按照"科学规划布局美、村容整洁环境美、创业增收生活美、乡风文明身心美"的目标要求。依靠政策扶持、资金投入及各级支持,发展乡村休闲农业。突出培养具有地方特色的"名、特、优、新"产品,推进"一村一品"的生态农业,在充分发掘和保护古村落、古民居、古建筑、古树名木和民俗文化等历史文化的基础上,优化美化村庄人居环境,把历史文化底蕴深厚的传统农业村落培育成现代文明的休闲农业美丽乡村。     

杭州市临安区以全域景区化为抓手 打造新时代都市山乡大花园

正近年来,浙江省杭州市临安区对标全省"大花园"战略,不断深化"千万工程",巩固全省美丽乡村示范县创建成果,以全域景区化建设为抓手,高水平推进农村人居环境的提升,打造美丽乡村临安金名片。从规划建设转向总体运营以村落景区为载体推动美丽乡村新一轮转型升级,完成22个村落景区建设,重点打造10个示范型村落景区。在建设过程中,坚持"统一策划、统一规划、统一运营、统一     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。     

锌对镉·汞复合污染下豌豆幼苗生长的影响

以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。