Studies on the Compositional Properties of Main Miben Series Pumpkin Varieties in Southern China

Pumpkin is among the most popular agricultural products in Southern China. To determine the important analytical properties(dry matter, total soluble sugar,dissolvable polysaccharides, mineral content, electricity conductivity, soluble solid content, fruit weight, fat, protein, fiber, pectin, β-carotene and edible rate) of pumpkin in Southern China, this study investigated the physical and chemical properties and texture of raw and steamed pumpkins of 13 Miben series varieties. Miben pumpkins were frozen at-40 ℃ for 24 h, or at-4 ℃ for 24 h, or were steamed for 15 min in boiling water to investigate the effect of different treatments on the textural change, and to reveal the texture and sensory properties of the different varieties. A total of 13 pumpkin varieties of Miben series CP1578, CP2116, XM2-2,Baimi II, Guangmi I, Guangzhouluxia, Jintong, Laojinhanzaoshu, Quanguanjixiang,Newzuhe III, V pumpkin, Zaoshutianmi and Daguomiben were involved in this study.The results showed that the Miben series pumpkins had significant difference in physical properties. The editable rate of Miben series pumpkins was higher than77%. Chemical properties varied among different varieties. Textures of pumpkin flesh after different processes were different. In the sensory assessment of Miben pumpkins, the varieties with overall quality scores more than 50 were Guangmi I, Laojinhanzaoshu, V pumpkin and Daguomiben, indicating that the four varieties all had excellent properties.     

Regression Analysis of Nutrient Elements between Soil and Tobacco Leaves and Their Influences on Aroma Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between nutrient elements K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn and Fe in tobacco-planting soils and tobacco leaves from six main tobacco-producing areas, and to investigate the influences of these elements on chemical composition and aroma components in tobacco leaves. Results showed that there were certain relationship between contents of nutrient elements in tobac- co-planting soils and contents of corresponding elements in tobacco leaves; various elements exhibited different influences on the aroma quality of flue-cured tobacco. Based on the actual situation of nutrient contents in soils from different tobacco- producing areas, contents of various elements in tobacco leaves should be regulat- ed by soil fertilization and foliar spraying, thereby improving the aroma quality of flue-cured tobacco.     

Genetic Relationship Analysis of Ramie Accessions by RAPD Markers

Genetic relationship of 12 ramie varieties with different drought resistance was analysed by using RAPDI Twenty-five 10- mer random primers were used to amplify the total DNA of these varieties. The results ahowed that the amplified products of 12 ramie varieties could be obtained with 12 primers. The length of amplified products was 0.6- 5.15 kb. Ninety bands were identified in total, of which 11 bands were common in all 12 varieties and 79 bands were polymorphic. The polymorphic bands were 87.78% of the total amplified bands. According to the result of cluster analysis, 12 ramie varieties could be divided into two classes and three groups. It was found that high drought resistant varieties were clustered into different groups or subgroups in the same class, which shows near relationship among them.     

叶菜型甘薯蔓尖产量构成分析(英文)

Total yields of vine tip of seven varieties of Leaf-vegetable sweetpotato during 2006-2007 were investigated; proportions of the weights of leaf, leaf stalk and stem in total vine tip yield and their changes among varieties and during topping stages were studied. The results showed that vine tip yields of sweetpotato were significantly different among either varieties or topping stages; leaf yield accounted for about 51% of total vine yield, and changes in leaf yield among topping stages were higher than that among varieties; while yields of leaf stalk and stem each accounted for 25% of total vine tip yield, their changes among varieties were higher than those among topping stages. These results revealed the yield composition of vine tip of Leaf-vegetable sweetpotato, which provided scientific references for breeding and cultivating new Leaf-vegetable sweetpotato variety and its industrialization.     

Use of random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） analysis to detect jujube witches＇ broom phytoplasmas

Jujube witches＇ broom is a devastating disease of Ziziphusjujube that occurs in various jujube regions of China. Nucleic acid extracted from midribs of samples collected from three jujube varieties （＂Suanzao＂, ＂Lajiaozao＂ and ＂Langzao＂） from symptomatic and asymptomatic shoots were tested by random amplified polymorphic DNA analyses. Using 13 different 10 and 11-bp random primers the amplification of jujube DNA was achieved from all the samples; AMI4 primer provided amplification of specific DNA fragments of about 400 bp, only from samples collected from symptomatic plants. No genetic variations in these varieties were identified using the other 11 arbitrary primers; only with primer AL07 it was possible to differentiate ＂Langzao＂ from the other two varieties tested. All the experiments were repeated 2 times and the results were consistent. Compared with PCR analyses with phytoplasma-specific primers, RAPD techniques resulted to be an alternative rapid and sensitive method for detecting jujube phytoplasmas presence in different jujube varieties.     

Membrane-Potential Alteration During K＋ Uptake of Different Salt-Tolerant Wheat Varieties

K＋ is the most abundant cation in plant cells and plays an important role in many ways.K＋ uptake of plant has respect to its salt resistant capacity.There are two categories of channel transportation for plants to uptake K＋,one is through K＋ channels and the other is through nonselective cation channels（NSCCs）.The transmembrane localization of K＋ may change membrane potential（MP）.In this paper,three wheat varieties with different salt tolerance were selected and the MP was measured by microelectrode during K＋ uptake.The results showed that the effects of K＋ uptake on MP through K＋ channels or NSCCs were distinct.K＋ influx through K＋ channels led to MP hyperpolarization,while K＋ influx through NSCCs resulted in depolarization.Diverse MP alteration of wheat varieties with different salt tolerance was mainly due to NSCCs-mediated K＋ uptake.Compared with the salt-tolerant wheat,the MP hyperpolarization during K＋ uptake of saltsensitive wheat was much more evident,probably because of the cation outflux through NSCCs during this process.     

Evaluation of selenium and carotenoid concentrations of 200 foxtail millet accessions from China and their correlations with agronomic performance

As selenium and carotenoids are essential micronutrients, the determination of their concentrations in different varieties is important in the breeding of foxtail millet(Setaria italica L. P. Beauv.). To identify selenium- and carotenoid-enriched foxtail millet varieties and to analyze correlations between trace elements and agronomic traits, we measured the selenium and carotenoid concentrations of 200 Chinese accessions by high-performance liquid chromatography and atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Our analysis revealed that lutein concentration in 200 foxtail millet accessions followed normal distribution and average was 3.1 μg g~(–1). The mean value of zeaxanthin concentration in 200 accessions was 8.6 μg g~(–1). Lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations were higher in the foxtail millet from Liaoning than in varieties from other locations, with averages of 10.0 and 3.5 μg g~(–1), respectively. The average measured selenium concentration was 100.3 μg kg–1. The highest average selenium concentration, 110.3 μg kg~(–1), was found in varieties from Shanxi. Varieties from Inner Mongolia had the lowest average selenium concentration, 84.7 μg kg~(–1), which was significantly lower(P0.05) than that of Shanxi. Selenium concentrations of 23 varieties were higher than 117.9 μg kg~(–1), accounting for 11.5% of the total, thereby were considered to be enriched in selenium. In addition, we identified 29 lutein-enriched varieties(4.27 μg g~(–1)) and 30 zeaxanthin-enriched ones(12.63 μg g~(–1)), which corresponded to 14.5 and 15% of tested accessions, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that selenium concentration was significantly positively correlated with spikelet length(P0.01), while zeaxanthin concentration was significantly correlated with grass weight(P0.05) and spikelet length(P0.01). No correlation was found between lutein concentration and agronomic characters, selenium content or zeaxanthin content. Our results should contribute substantially to the selection of suitable varieties for the development of plants with desired levels of these nutritionally important elements. These results will significantly contribute towards selection of the most suitable varieties for obtaining plants with desired levels of these nutritionally important elements.     

Light Intensity Affects Pungency of Hot Pepper（Capsicum annuum L.） Fruits

This study was carried out both laboratory and field experiment to research the effects of three different light intensity on capsaicin content of hot pepper fruits during the growing stage, the varieties in the study were in different hot levels named No.4 Xiangyan (mid-hot) and No.3 Jingjianjiao (very hot). The study showed that capsaicin content increased accompanied with light intensity weakening. There was an inverse relationship between capsaicin content and peroxidase activity.     

Studies on the Root Characteristics of Maize Varieties of Different Eras

Experiment was conducted at the Gongzhuling Experimental Station of Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Province, China, during 2009-2010. Six representative varieties of maize (Baihe in the 1950s, Jidan 101 in the 1960s, Zhongdan 2 in the 1970s, Yedan 13 in the 1980s, Zhengdan 958 in the 1990s, and Xianyu 335 in the 2000s) were each planted under two different densities (52 500 and 82 500 plants ha-1) and two different nitrogen application levels (150 and 300 kg ha-1). Root characteristics and distribution among soil layers were studied by the field root digging method. The results showed that root mass increased with the process of the growth and development of the plant, and it peaked at kernel filling stage, and decreased at maturity due to the root senesces. Root mass of different maize varieties from the 1950s to 1980s had a trend of increase, while it decreased for the modern varieties. Root length and root surface areas had the similar changing trend. The study suggested that early maize varieties may have root redundancy, and reducing root redundancy may be a direction for variety improvement for high yield. Root characteristics were affected by nitrogen application level and density; modern varieties were more suitable for higher fertilizer application level and density conditions. Root characteristics distribution among soil layers decreased by an exponent equation, but the regression coefficients of different varieties were different. Though the root length density (RLD) of every soil layer of different varieties also decreased by an exponent equation, there were large variations of RLD in every part of a layer.     

Evaluation of Essential and Toxic Element Concentrations in Buckwheat by Experimental and Chemometric Approaches

The essential and toxic element concentrations in buckwheat were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer（ICP-OES）. The concentration data were subjected to common chemometrics analyses, including correlation analysis（CA）, principal component analysis（PCA） and hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA）, to gain better understanding of the differences among the tested samples. Our results indicated that the essential and toxic element concentrations were not different between Fagopyrum tataricum（L.） Gaertn and F. esculentum Moench. The element concentrations varied among buckwheat samples from different sources. Commercial tartary buckwheat tea contained several essential elements, thus, could be used as the source of essential elements. The detection of toxic heavy metals in commercial tartary buckwheat tea suggested that safety issue of such buckwheat products should be seriously concerned. Our results also revealed that the place of origin and the processing protocol of tartary buckwheat affected the element concentrations of the commercial form. The implications to the quality control and safety evaluation of buckwheat were extensively discussed.     

不同品种茶树矿质元素含量研究

1材料与方法 1．1材料供试材料（云南大叶种、蜀永1号、蜀永2号、四川种、福鼎大白茶、龙井43、早白尖石、58号）均采自四川省农业科学院茶叶研究所品种园。采摘标准为1芽3叶开展时采1芽2叶。全年春、夏、秋各采1次,共采样24只。采下的新梢,经自来水和去离子水冲洗去除表面尘埃,再蒸青固定。     

茶树不同品种矿质元素含量研究

本文对云南大叶种、龙井43号、早白尖-6号等8个茶树品种的17种矿质元素进行了分析测定。结果表明,P、K、Ba、Mn、Cu等9种元素品种间差异显著,而其它元素差异不显著。红茶品种的Cu和K含量一般较高,因此,在选育茶树品种时,要注重矿质元素含量指标。     

四川名茶矿质元素含量研究

1材料与方法 1．1材料以永川秀芽、万春银叶、巴山雀舌、蒙顶春露、龙湖翠、青城雪芽、雨城云雾、红岩迎春、鹤林仙茗、竹叶青、沫若香茗、宝顶茶、雨前茶13个四川省较有影响的名茶作为试料。这些名茶覆盖四川雅安、乐山、宜宾等13地、市、县茶叶主产区,并包含了历史名茶、恢复名茶及创新名茶3类,故具有一定的代表性;此外,另征集了13个普通绿茶样作对照。     

ICP-AES测定大叶茶种质资源的矿质元素

 采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)对38份大叶茶种质资源绿茶样和21份大叶种普通绿茶11种矿质元素(S,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,Mn,Na,Ni,Cu)进行了比较分析,相对标准偏差在1.56%～7.25%之间,方法简便可靠。结果显示：种质资源中S,P,Zn,Mn,Na,Ni的平均含量均低于普通绿茶,而K,Ca,Fe,Cu平均含量均高于普通绿茶;种质资源11种元素含量的变异系数在9.7%-48.9%之间,反映了茶树种质资源矿质元素多样性高;基于矿质元素的主成分聚类分析,可以清楚地将茶树种质资源分为野生型和栽培型两类。研究结果为茶树种质资源的化学分类,资源种质鉴别,新品种选育提供有益的参考。     

榛子叶片内矿质营养元素的动态变化

研究榛子叶片中7种矿质元素的动态变化,结果表明： 3种榛子中,欧洲榛和杂交榛各矿质营养元素的含量接近,而平榛中有K,Ca,Fe,Cu的含量明显低于其他2种。 3种榛子中矿质元素含量变化趋势相近。相关分析表明,Zn2+与Mg2+之间,Mn2+与Cu2+之间存在着拮抗关系,Mn2+与Ca2+之间,K+与Zn2+之间, K+与Mn2+之间存在协同的关系。     

番茄果实不同采收时间矿质元素变化分析

为比较分析番茄果实不同采收时间矿质元素的变化,以粉太郎和181两个番茄品种为材料,通过原子吸收光谱法和钼锑抗比色法测定不同采收时间番茄果实中钾(K)、磷(P)、镁(Mg)、钙(Ca)、铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、锌(Zn)8种矿质元素的含量,研究不同采收时间番茄果实矿质元素的变化趋势。结果表明:8种矿质元素含量在不同采收时间有显著差异,2个参试品种的K、Ca、Mg、Cu元素含量在整个采收期总体呈下降趋势,其中Cu元素下降趋势显著;2种果实的Fe元素含量在整个采收期均呈先上升后下降而后又上升的趋势,粉太郎果实在4月7日含量最高,181果实于4月28日达最高值。相关性分析结果表明,部分矿质元素间存在正相关性,粉太郎果实中Mg元素与K、Cu、Zn元素分别呈显著正相关,181果实中Mg元素与Ca、Cu元素分别呈极显著正相关。研究结果可为高品质番茄栽培和采收时间选择提供理论指导。     

原子吸收光谱法测定青云茶中Mn、Zn、Cu和Fe含量及溶出特性

[目的]探讨不同冲泡方式青云茶水中矿物元素含量的变化规律。[方法]以青云茶叶2 g,用45 ml沸高纯水冲泡5 min 3次,得出3道茶水,用原子吸收光谱法分别测定3道茶水中矿物元素含量;然后改变冲泡时间为10和20 min,测定3道茶水中矿物元素含量;再改变水温为80℃,冲泡20 min,测定3道茶水中矿物元素含量。[结果]云南省金平县青云茶含有丰富的矿物元素Mn、Fe、Zn、Cu,为品质优良茶叶,其茶水中矿物元素含量顺序为Mn>Zn>Cu>Fe。青云茶矿物元素含量以第1道茶水最高,且随冲泡次数的增加而减少。Mn、Zn、Cu元素含量随冲泡时间的增加而增高,Fe元素含量则随浸泡时间增加而减少。80~100℃的水对矿物元素溶出量的影响不大。[结论]用原子吸收光谱法能准确测定茶叶中的矿物元素含量,回收率在97.25%~102.50%,且方法简单、快捷,同一样品处理液可以连续测定多种矿物元素的含量。     

四川名茶矿质元素含量研究

分析了四川名茶矿质元素含量及特点。在所分析的18种元素中,四川名茶K、P、S、Ca、Mg元素含量较高(>1500 mg/kg),Ba、Cr、V、Co、Se含量较低(<10 mg/kg);与普通绿茶相比,四川名茶含有较高的K、Zn、P、Na、Ni、Cu、S、Se、Co元素,其高幅为0.38%~115.65%,而Mg、Mn、Al、Ca、V、Rb、Fe、Cr元素则为7.2%~46.67%;红岩迎春、永川秀芽和青城雪芽名茶含有较多的矿质元素,雨城云雾、雨前茶则相对较少。     

云南百合矿质元素的变异特征和性状的关系研究

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)对云南百合品种60份材料的15种矿质元素(S、P、K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、B、Mo、Sr、Ni、Al)进行测定与分析。结果表明,ICP-AES同时测定百合中15种元素含量的结果是令人满意的;不同百合品种间矿质元素中S、Na、Mg、Fe、Mn、Mo、Ni含量变异小(5%~13%),而P、K、Ca、Zn、Cu、B、Sr、Al含量变异大(17%~54%);在百合的15种矿质元素中,K和Na,Ca和Mo,Zn和Mn都达到极显著相关水平,而P和Mg,Cu和Sr也达到显著相关水平,其它矿质元素间的相关均未达到显著水平。文章为探讨利用矿质元素,对百合繁育材料进行快速、可靠筛选的可行性提供了大量有益的参考数据。     

小麦籽粒不同部位矿质元素组成及含量分析

以陇黑麦838(黑粒)、平凉44号、农大3753(黑粒)、农大5181、陇鉴108和陇育4号为试验材料,采用X-射线能谱仪测定小麦籽粒不同部位的部分矿质元素组成和相对含量。结果表明,小麦籽粒中除含有大量C、O外,皮层富含K、Ca、Fe,其次是Na、Mg、Cl和Cu。糊粉层富含K、Mg和Fe,其次是Si、Cl、Ca和Mn。胚乳层O含量最高,Cl、K、Ca和Fe次之,并含少量Na、Mg、和Se等元素。胚中Mg、Cl、K、Ca和Fe含量较高,Na、Mn、Cu和Se次之。黑粒小麦陇黑麦838和农大3753籽粒Ca、Fe、Zn和Se元素的相对含量高于普通小麦。总体来看,所有品种(系)糊粉层矿质元素含量最高,皮层和胚次之,胚乳最低。不同类型品种(系)籽粒各部位的矿质元素含量存在基因型差异,黑粒小麦矿质价值高于普通小麦。