低温和获能对猪精子细胞骨架微管蛋白和肌动蛋白表达量的影响

【目的】探究获能和低温冷冻对猪精子细胞骨架中微管蛋白和肌动蛋白表达量的影响。【方法】利用SDS-PAGE、Western blot技术,分析获能和低温冷冻(-80和-196℃)后猪精子总蛋白质种类以及猪精子细胞骨架微管蛋白和肌动蛋白表达量的变化。【结果】低温处理后,猪精子总蛋白质的种类与新鲜精子相比发生变化,而获能处理后几乎没有差异。低温冷冻导致猪精子细胞骨架微管蛋白和肌动蛋白的表达量较新鲜精子下降,且-196℃冷冻组肌动蛋白的表达量要略高于-80℃冷冻组,但二者微管蛋白的表达量基本没有差异。获能处理后猪精子肌动蛋白表达量略有下降,而微管蛋白表达量基本没有变化。【结论】低温冷冻处理对猪精子总蛋白质的种类以及猪精子细胞骨架微管蛋白和肌动蛋白的表达量有明显影响,而获能处理则影响较小。     

猪精子获能期间蛋白质磷酸化时间依赖性的上调

通过获能猪精子酪氨酸磷酸化蛋白分离和表达,来确定精子获能的最佳状态.将猪精子悬浮于改良的Tris缓冲液(mTBM)获能培养基中,在体积分数为5% CO2孵箱37 ℃培养,以考马斯亮蓝染液染色的方法来评价精子获能状态, 经过SDS-PAGE分离后,进行Western免疫印迹分析,检测获能猪精子间酪氨酸磷酸化蛋白的分布.有27,47 ku的2种蛋白发生酪氨酸磷酸化,其中27 ku的蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化水平自精子体外培养后呈递增趋势,而 47 ku的蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化水平在精子培养1.5 h时最高,后呈递减趋势,1.5 h时获能状态最佳.     

金雀异黄酮对冻融猪精子蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化及获能相关基因表达的影响

【目的】探究金雀异黄酮对冻融猪精子蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化及获能相关基因的影响,为丰富猪精子冷冻保存技术的理论基础及后续开展蛋白酪氨酸激酶抑制剂对冻融猪精子获能影响研究提供参考依据。【方法】采集猪精液后,设精液冷冻对照组(CK组)、100.0μmol/L金雀异黄酮冷冻处理组(G组)和鲜精组(F组),使用Western blotting、SDS-PAGE、免疫荧光、ELISA和实时荧光定量PCR等检测各组精子的蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化水平、精子不同部位蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化位点变化情况、蛋白激酶A(PKA)和蛋白激酶G(PKG)活性及黏附蛋白家族基因(AQN1、AQN3、AWN、PSP-Ⅰ和PSP-Ⅱ)和精子运动抑制因子(SPMI)基因mRNA的表达水平,分析金雀异黄酮对冻融猪精子的保护机制。【结果】与CK组相比,G组的32和69 kD蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化水平、顶体+顶体后区磷酸化位点、PKA活性显著降低(P0.05,下同);AWN基因相对表达量极显著升高(P0.01,下同),PSP-Ⅰ基因相对表达量显著降低,PSP-Ⅱ和SPMI基因相对表达量极显著降低。F组中未检测到32和69 kD蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化,而37和58 kD蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化水平和PKA活性显著降低;AQN1、AQN3和AWN基因相对表达量极显著升高,PSP-Ⅱ基因相对表达量显著降低,SPMI基因相对表达量极显著降低。【结论】金雀异黄酮既能降低冻融猪精子顶体+顶体后区蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化水平,且PKA活性降低可能与p32和p69蛋白表达量降低有关,又可有效提高冻融猪精子中AWN基因及有效降低PSP-Ⅰ、PSP-Ⅱ和SPMI基因的表达量,在一定程度上提高冻融猪精子质量。     

不同获能方法对冻融塔里木马鹿精子体外获能及其蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化的影响

为探讨不同获能方法对塔里木马鹿精子体外获能及其蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化水平的影响,冻融塔里木马鹿精子随机分为4组,用钙离子载体、肝素、咖啡因和 Percool 离心4种方法进行精子获能的诱导,利用金霉素（CTC）染色法评价精子获能状态,采用 SDS-PAGE 分离精子膜蛋白,进行 Western blotting 免疫印迹分析,检测酪氨酸磷酸化蛋白的表达水平.结果显示,冻融精子经4种精子获能方法处理后,肝素诱发的精子获能率显著高于钙离子载体组和 Percool 组（P ＜0．05）.钙离子载体组、肝素组和咖啡因组精子蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化水平高于 Percool 组和对照组.另外,冻融精子随着上游处理及肝素诱导获能的进行,检测到分子量分别为14,25~30,40,47,55 ku 的酪氨酸磷酸化蛋白,这些蛋白的酪氨酸磷酸化水平在获能60~120 min 期间相对较高,而且此时精子获能率及超激活运动精子比例也显著提高（P ＜0．05）.结果提示,肝素可以较好的诱导马鹿精子获能,马鹿精子获能与蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化相关.     

获能和冻融猪精子前顶体蛋白活化机制研究

利用SDS-PAGE和Western Blotting的方法,分析冻融和获能处理中猪精子前顶体蛋白的转化过程。结果表明,显示获能组精子荧光区域大于冻融组精子,而小于新鲜精子组;新鲜组精子出现大约45和35kDa分子量的条带,而冻融和获能组精子都同时出现大约45、35和28kDa分子量的条带。总之,冻融后顶体完整的精子和获能精子Proarosin都能正常活化成α-acrosin、β-acrosin和28kDa,这个途径可作为预测受精的指标。     

淡紫拟青霉产类植物生长素的研究

【目的】研究淡紫拟青霉PL-HN-16对植物生长的促进作用,以期能发现一种新的类植物生长素。【方法】以菜心种子为试验材料,用乙醚萃取PL-HN-16发酵液,对发酵液和萃取液分别进行生物活性测定;同时用硫酸铵分级沉淀发酵液中的蛋白,SDS-PAGE法分析有活性的蛋白组分。【结果】淡紫拟青霉发酵液32倍稀释处理对菜心种子生长有显著促进作用;经乙醚萃取后的发酵液依然有活性,乙醚萃取液则对菜心种子生长有显著抑制作用;45%和60%硫酸铵饱和度沉淀的蛋白对菜心种子的生长具有明显的促进作用。经SDS-PAGE分析,目的蛋白分子质量在28~45 ku,推测对植物生长具有主要活性作用的蛋白分子质量约为36 ku。【结论】淡紫拟青霉产生的类植物生长素为一种水溶性蛋白质,其分子质量约为36 ku。     

藏红花素对冻融牛精子获能参数、抗氧化及抗凋亡的影响

本研究的主要目的是评估藏红花素(crocin)对冻融牛精子获能参数、抗氧化及抗凋亡的影响。试验分对照组和藏红花素处理组(浓度分别为0.5、1、1.5和2 mmol/L),样本冻融处理后分别检测了获能参数、抗氧化相关基因及抗凋亡相关基因mRNA的表达。结果显示:1)0.5 mmol/L处理组冻融牛精子质量较佳,与对照组无显著差异而与其他处理组相比差异显著;(2)0.5 mmol/L处理组冻融牛精子获能处理后蛋白磷酸化水平显著高于其他处组(P0.05);3)0.5 mmol/L处理组冻融牛精子抗氧化相关基因CAT与GPX基因mRNA的表达量显著高于其它组(P0.05);4)0.5 mmol/L处理组冻融牛精子凋亡相关基因Caspase-3,TNF-α基因mRNA表达量显著低于其他组(P0.05)。结论:牛精子冻融前藏红花素处理显著改善冻融牛精子获能参数、抗氧化及抗凋亡能力,添加量0.5 mmol/L藏红花素效果最佳。     

HSP90蛋白表达量与牛精子抗冻性的关系

【目的】探索热应激蛋白90（HSP90）表达量与牛精液冷冻-解冻后品质的关系。【方法】采用假阴道法采集身体健康、年龄2～4岁的9头荷斯坦奶牛精液（编号1～9）,测定新鲜精液指标（活力、形态、活率和密度）,评定其品质,合格的精液样品经过冷冻解冻后检测其精子活率、质膜完整率和顶体完整率,并根据冻后品质将其分为HFTs(High freezing resistance teams)和LFTs（Low freezing resistance teams) 2组,对精子HSP90蛋白进行SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶（SDS-PAGE）电泳和Western blot检测,分析其表达量与精子抗冻性的关系。【结果】不同牛个体精液冻后品质相差较大。SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示,HFTs组的分子质量约为90 ku的蛋白表达量显著高于LFTs组（P＜0.05）,经Western blot分析,该蛋白为HSP90。HSP90蛋白表达量与冷冻-解冻后的牛精子品质呈明显正相关,其与精子活率、顶体完整率、质膜完整率的相关系数分别为0.364,0.447和0.402。【结论】HSP90蛋白表达量可以作为判断牛精子抗冻性的指标之一。     

冻融过程诱导精子凋亡及抗冻保护剂的研究进展

精子凋亡广泛存在于精液冻融过程，冷应激或氧化应激刺激及获能样变化均可引起精子凋亡。产生凋亡样变化的精子其结构、线粒体功能、膜电位、DNA完整性和参与凋亡反应的蛋白均发生变化，导致精子死亡率升高，活率下降。简述了冻融过程中精子凋亡的成因及抗冻保护剂的研究进展，以期为进一步提高冻融后的精子质量提供理论参考。     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌尿素酶的提取及特性研究

【目的】从猪血清7型胸膜肺炎放线杆菌中提取纯化尿素酶,并对其生物特性和理化特性进行研究。【方法】超声破碎放线杆菌粗提尿素酶,再采用硫酸铵盐析和Sephadex G-200凝胶过滤层析对该酶进行纯化,分析其活性及理化特性。【结果】最适于猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌尿素酶保持活性的pH为8.5,温度为45℃。在该条件下其比酶活约为96.253 U/mg;SDS-PAGE电泳显示,胸膜肺炎放线杆菌尿毒酶含分子质量为11,25和60 ku的亚单位。【结论】与传统方法相比,超声破壁和Sephadex G-200凝胶过滤层析纯化法简单快速,重复性好,测定尿素酶的特性稳定,能满足实验室检测的要求。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。     

锌对镉·汞复合污染下豌豆幼苗生长的影响

以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。