大豆总DNA直接导入法培育优势高蛋白玉米材料研究

利用外源总DNA转导的花粉管通道法和经我们发展的减压渗透法将大豆总DNA导入玉米自交系统48-2和S37，在743份后代材料中筛选出8份高蛋白含量变异材料，它们的蛋白质与受体相比提高20%以上。用种子蛋白SDS-PAGE、谷氨酸-草酰乙酸同工酶及RAPD等分析方法对变异材料及其受体进行了鉴定分析。同时也对此8份变异材料的自交后代进行了筛选和S37在遗传上存在明显的差异。在其自交后代中仍有部分株系保持了主蛋白含量特性。此外，48-2的变异材料的植株形态、花药颜色上有明显变化。上述结果初步证明高蛋白特性是可遗传的，这为选育高蛋白玉米新自交系提供了新材料，也为利用外源DNA直接导入技术创造玉米新种质开辟了一条行这有效的新途径。     

外源DNA导入番茄方法的研究

本文研究了外源DNA导入番茄的方法，研究结果表明采用子房注射法导入外源DNA比花粉管通道导入法更简便宜行。     

外源DNA导入黄瓜技术的研究

本文采用了了花粉管通道和子房注射法进行了外源DNA导入黄瓜的实验，并对这二种外源DNA导入方法的效果进行了评价。     

大豆自花授粉后外源DNA导入技术

以花生为DNA供体,以大豆为DNA受体。在大豆白花授粉后,采用液滴法和注射法导入花生DNA。在受体大豆植株后代中获得了大豆多种变异类型.本文较详细地介绍了大豆自花授粉后外源DNA的导入技术,并提出液滴法和注射法的具体操作细则。     

外源抗枯萎病棉DNA导入感病棉的抗性转移

我们从1978年开始进行外源DNA导入棉花的研究,已从外源海岛棉DNA导入陆地棉、中棉、棉属野生种以及苘麻DNA导入棉花等不同组合中得到了变异后代。1979年以来,我们用外源DNA导入的手段,又把抗病棉的抗病基因转移入高产、优质的感病棉品种中,转移率高达10~(-1)-10~(-2),並通过病圃筛选获得抗病、优质、高产的棉花新品种,同时探讨了在分子水平上的抗性转移规律。     

外源DNA导入普通小麦变异株系的性状及蛋白质分析

对外源ＤＮＡ导入普通小麦选出的三个变异株系进行了田间性状观察、种子蛋白质含量测定及电泳分析。结果表明，三个变异株系均获得ＤＮＡ供体鲁牧１号的抗病性状，以及抗旱、耐寒、耐盐碱等抗逆特性。表现为白粉病高抗到免疫；蛋白质含量明显高于受体，接近ＤＮＡ供体水平；种子蛋白质电泳图谱也与受体材料有明显差异。由此证明，通过外源ＤＮＡ导入技术，将一些优良野生遗传资源ＤＮＡ引入普通小麦，培育小麦新品种是可行的     

外源DNA导入转移烟草抗赤星病性状的研究

以烟草赤星病抗源材料净叶黄总ＤＮＡ为供体，感病材料ＮＣ８９为受体，通过涂抹柱头法和注射子房法进行了外源ＤＮＡ导入处理，在人工接种及自然发病条件下，对处理后代进行了赤星病抗性鉴定，结果约２％～４％的处理材料抗性较ＮＣ８９有所提高，个别植株已接近净叶黄。从中选取３株抗赤星病性状及农艺性状均表现较好的单株，自交收种后于次年在大田条件下对其后代（Ｄ２代）的抗性性状进行遗传稳定性分析，结果其中１个株系（ＴＮ     

野生稻等外源DNA导入宁夏水稻品种的初步研究

试验采用分子育种技术，将野生稻等外源DNA导入宁夏水稻品种，比较了不同方法的导入效果，结果表明：茎注射法导入的D0代结实率高，且种子饱满：花粉管通道法和复合导入法导入的结实率低，且种子发育较差而不饱满。在D1代复合导入法的群体中出现了3．7％的穗型变异，茎注射法导入的群体中出现了19．2％的高度不育穗。说明外源DNA导入在D1代就可发生变异。     

利用外源DNA导入技术培育向日葵育种新材料

采用氯仿－异戊醇－RNA酶法，从菊芋、罗马尼亚向日葵幼叶中提取总DNA，利用花粉管通道法和子房注射法导入向日葵品种“吉农92－1”、“吉农92－5”中，发现D1代及D2代在植株形态、种皮色、百粒重、好粒大小等性状上出现了新的变异类型。     

分子标记辅助选择改良圣稻13和圣稻14的条纹叶枯病抗性

【目的】利用分子标记辅助选择改良圣稻13、圣稻14的条纹叶枯病抗性,培育抗条纹叶枯病的粳稻新品种及新种质。【方法】以感病品种圣稻13、圣稻14为受体,以抗病品种镇稻88及高代抗病品系圣稻519为抗条纹叶枯病基因供体,采用自交改良和回交改良2种方法,利用与Stv-bi紧密连锁的分子标记H11-8、H11-12和H21进行辅助选择,结合条纹叶枯病田间抗性鉴定及农艺性状分析,将Stv-bi(或其等位基因)转移到圣稻13、圣稻14品种中,培育抗条纹叶枯病品种。【结果】通过2个自交混选群体的分子标记辅助选择获得多份稳定抗条纹叶枯病材料;通过回交改良,获得携带Stv-bi的圣稻13回交稳定品系E01、E13、R107等6个。【结论】利用分子标记辅助选择可显著提高选择效率和准确性,建立了抗条纹叶枯病分子标记辅助育种体系,为今后开展抗性育种提供了理论依据和材料基础。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

盐胁迫对葡萄苗期多胺和激素代谢的影响

【目的】 研究盐胁迫条件下,葡萄叶片中多胺含量、多胺氧化酶、多胺合成酶活性以及激素的动态变化,研究不同盐胁迫强度对多胺类物质及激素代谢的影响。【方法】 采用盆栽基质培养模拟盐胁迫环境,设置4个NaCl处理梯度:0 (CK)、1、2和3 g/kg。多胺和激素含量的测定采用高效液相色谱法,多胺合成及分解酶活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计比色法。【结果】 盐胁迫处理后,葡萄叶片中多胺含量和脱落酸含量较对照而言显著增加,玉米素含量显著降低,随胁迫时间的延长,Put、Spm、Spd、ABA以及PAO、DAO、ADC、ODC、SAMDC活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,在10 d及10 d后达到峰值。ZT呈逐渐下降的趋势,并随胁迫强度增大而减小;进行显著性分析后,叶片中多胺含量与Put、Spm、Spd含量呈极显著正相关,DAO、ADC、ODC活性与Put含量呈显著正相关,PAO与SAMDC活性与Spm和Spd含量也呈极显著正相关。【结论】 3种多胺经酶的合成代谢后和激素共同缓解葡萄苗所遭受到的盐胁迫,期间主要发生作用的是多胺合成酶,盐胁迫下多胺与激素含量之间的变化关系也十分密切。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托,采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标,按业务流程设计与实现的,包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题,建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

内脐蠕孢属、平脐蠕孢属和凸脐蠕孢属的研究

本文报道了平脐蠕孢属(Bipolaris)一个新种,一个新组合,5个新记录以及凸脐蠕孢属(Exserohilum)一个新记录。讨论了内脐蠕孢属(Drechslera)、平脐蠕孢属、凸脐蠕孢属与长蠕孢属(Helminthosporium)的关系,并就我国已报道的长蠕孢属真菌按Alcorn等~([1,3,4,5,24])人的意见,逐个进行了订正。