农杆菌介导烟草抗真菌β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因转化洋桔梗

为获得洋桔梗抗真菌病害新品种,本研究将烟草抗真菌β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因(Glu)与质粒p BI121重组,构建了植物表达载体p BI121-Glu,利用农杆菌介导法转化洋桔梗品种Double Mariachi Pink叶块,共获得21个卡那霉素抗性株系。对抗性株系进行PCR扩增,获得10个阳性株系。选取其中生长良好的5个株系进行RT-PCR检测,鉴定出3个株系(EG6、EG11和EG17)为转基因正常转录株系。EG6、EG11和EG17株系及非转基因对照株系的β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的平均活力分别为0.301 U、0.243 U、0.401 U及0.236 U,其中EG6和EG17株系的平均活力显著高于非转基因对照株系。洋桔梗离体叶片的抗灰霉病鉴定显示,EG17病斑面积(0.432 cm2)显著小于非转基因对照株系(2.156 cm2)。此外,EG17对灰霉病的抗性还表现为发病延迟、病斑面积扩大速度减慢等。     

转基因烟草植株的检测

对采用叶盘法以质粒PBLGC为介导转化烟草的3个品种。经Kan抗性筛选获得的119株转化的烟草再生植株分别以启动子CaMV35S、几丁质酶基因和β—1，3-葡聚糖酶基因的引物进行PCR检测，分别获得91、72、47株阳性植株。其中，同时具有几丁质酶基因和β-1，3-葡聚糖酶基因的植株有36株。对部分转化植株进行PCR—Southern杂交实验的结果表明，外源基因的转化频率与植物品种、外源基因片段的大小有关。又对4株转基因植株后代(T1)进行了PCR、PCR—Southern杂交，结果发现，几丁质酶基因和β-1，3-葡聚糖酶基因已经稳定地遗传给后代，但二者的遗传传递率不同，β—1，3-葡聚糖酶基因似乎比几丁质酶基因更易于传递。另外，对转化植株T0代几丁质酶活力检测结果表明，转基因植株中几丁质酶活力显著增强，含有几丁质酶基因和β-1，3-葡聚糖酶基因的植株内切几丁质酶活力最强。     

ACC合酶反义基因转化洋桔梗Double Mariachi Pink的研究

以洋桔梗(Eustoma graniflorum)品种Double Mariachi Pink为试验材料,在已建立的洋桔梗高频再生体系和高效稳定遗传转化体系的基础上,将PBI121 - ACC合酶反义基因片段(1008 bp)通过农杆菌介导法转化洋桔梗,通过高频再生获得116株抗性苗.再生抗性苗在生根培养基1/2MS+NAA0.1 mg/L+ Km 15 mg/L上生根筛选获得了55株正常生根的植株;对其中随机挑选的8个株系进行PCR鉴定和GUS表达检测,在增殖筛选培养基MS+6 -BA 0.1 mg/L+ NAA 0.05 mg/L +Km 30 mg/L+ Cb 100 mg/L上初步筛得到5个PCR阳性株系,其中4株GUS检测呈阳性;5个PCR阳性株系经PCR - Southern杂交鉴定得到1株阳性植株.将阳性株系出瓶移栽,其平均花期为24d.     

RNA干扰技术抑制洋桔梗ACC合酶基因的表达

为了延长洋桔梗的花期,本研究通过农杆菌介导法,以ACC合酶(ACS)基因干扰表达载体,对Double Mariachi Pink洋桔梗(Eustoma grandiflorum)的叶片外植体进行了转化。经过再生芽的筛选增殖培养,在含有卡那霉素Km(15 mg/L)再生根筛选培养基中得到了46株抗性苗,其中11株经GFP基因PCR鉴定为阳性。经进一步的GFP基因RT-PCR鉴定,3株表达为阳性,并且其中2株经GFP荧光检测呈阳性。提取荧光阳性植株RNA,逆转录后,进行了ACS荧光定量PCR。结果表明,与未转基因对照植株相比,转基因植株ACS的相对表达量平均下降了63.17%。花期统计结果表明,ACS干扰表达载体转化的洋桔梗植株花期比未转基因植株对照延长了17 d。     

基于花粉介导法转化的玉米自交系抗病植株的获得

【研究目的】将几丁质酶基因导入玉米自交系,获得抗玉米丝黑穗病的转基因植株。【方法】采用花粉介导法进行转化,获得的种子及后代植株检测方法包括：潮霉素抗性筛选、PCR扩增、Southern blot杂交分析以及田间抗病鉴定。【结果】通过转化获得种子43粒,对种子进行潮霉素抗性筛选得到9株抗潮霉素植株;经PCR检测,Southern blot杂交分析得到5株转基因植株。田间抗病鉴定结果显示,转基因植株或株系的丝黑穗病抗性提高1～2级。【结论】花粉介导法转化玉米自交系是获得抗病育种材料的一条快捷、有效的途径。     

籼型杂交水稻恢复系“752”抗除草剂转基因研究

用基因枪法对籼型杂交水稻恢复系“75 2”进行了bar基因的遗传转化 ,共获得可育的抗除草剂Basta的转基因株系 6个。PCR检测结果表明 ,抗性转基因植株表现为阳性 ,而非转化的对照表现为阴性 ,证明T0 代转基因水稻基因组中整合有bar基因。转基因植株的抗性能遗传至后代 ,在T1 代中观察到了抗、感分离现象     

抗真菌三价载体转化辣椒的研究

利用农杆菌介导法将抗真菌蛋白的葡聚糖酶(Glu)基因、几丁质酶(Chi)基因和萝卜抗真菌蛋白(Rs-AFP2)基因构建的三价表达载体(GCR)转化辣椒,经PCR、PCR-Southern blotting分子检测证实,外源基因已经整合到辣椒植株基因组DNA中.对辣椒离体子叶进行辣椒疫病病菌抗病性检测,证明转基因辣椒离体子叶对疫病有很强的抗性.     

抗真菌病害基因转化苹果的研究

利用抗真菌病害基因转化苹果主栽品种"嘎拉",以期提高其对真菌病害的抗性。通过对影响农杆菌介导苹果遗传转化因素的研究,建立了农杆菌介导的嘎拉叶片遗传转化体系。利用叶盘法转化受体材料,将-β1,3-葡聚糖酶基因及几丁质酶基因导入苹果中。对获得的"嘎拉"转化植株进行PCR检测,结果初步表明,外源基因已经整合到"嘎拉"苹果基因组中。     

转MnSOD基因仙客来植株的获得及其对高温胁迫的抗性

【目的】制备转MnSOD基因仙客来植株,检测其对高温胁迫的抗性。【方法】以仙客来组培苗的叶片为受体材料,采用根癌农杆菌介导法将MnSOD基因导入仙客来,对获得的抗性株系进行分子生物学检测,并测定转MnSOD基因仙客来组培苗在36℃高温胁迫下的SOD活性、MDA含量、细胞膜相对透性和可溶性蛋白含量。【结果】获得35个仙客来抗性株系,其中3个株系经GUS组织化学染色、PCR和Southern印迹检测表现为阳性,表明外源基因整合到仙客来基因组中。转基因仙客来的SOD活性始终高于非转基因植株,细胞膜透性和MDA含量上升的速度低于非转基因植株,可溶性蛋白含量高于非转基因植株。【结论】获得了转MnSOD基因仙客来植株,其对高温胁迫的抗性高于非转基因植株。     

转TaDREB3a基因大豆材料抗旱性鉴定

研究通过分子生物学方法证明TaDREB3a基因已整合至大豆基因组中,对T1～T3连续3代大豆植株作筛选鉴定并分析遗传稳定性,初步评价室内和田间抗旱表现。通过除草剂筛选获得T1代135株抗性植株,经PCR检测其中96株扩增出基因目的条带,获得15个阳性TaDREB3a过表达大豆T1代株系;T2代转基因大豆株系经PEG模拟干旱处理和PCR鉴定获得阳性TaDREB3a过表达大豆T2代株系共10个;T3代转基因大豆株系经PCR鉴定、半定量PCR鉴定、Bar基因试纸条检测、Southern blot分析、Western blot分析,获得6个转基因阳性株系,证实TaDREB3a基因已整合于大豆基因组,可转录完整目的mRNA,其中4个株系检测到目的蛋白表达。盆栽干旱试验显示,TaDREB3a过表达可改善转基因大豆干旱条件下生长状况,转基因植株株高和荚数明显优于对照组植株;大田干旱试验结果显示,TaDREB3a过表达株系提高大豆抗旱性、改善干旱条件下地上形态,减少产量损失。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

盐胁迫对葡萄苗期多胺和激素代谢的影响

【目的】 研究盐胁迫条件下,葡萄叶片中多胺含量、多胺氧化酶、多胺合成酶活性以及激素的动态变化,研究不同盐胁迫强度对多胺类物质及激素代谢的影响。【方法】 采用盆栽基质培养模拟盐胁迫环境,设置4个NaCl处理梯度:0 (CK)、1、2和3 g/kg。多胺和激素含量的测定采用高效液相色谱法,多胺合成及分解酶活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计比色法。【结果】 盐胁迫处理后,葡萄叶片中多胺含量和脱落酸含量较对照而言显著增加,玉米素含量显著降低,随胁迫时间的延长,Put、Spm、Spd、ABA以及PAO、DAO、ADC、ODC、SAMDC活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,在10 d及10 d后达到峰值。ZT呈逐渐下降的趋势,并随胁迫强度增大而减小;进行显著性分析后,叶片中多胺含量与Put、Spm、Spd含量呈极显著正相关,DAO、ADC、ODC活性与Put含量呈显著正相关,PAO与SAMDC活性与Spm和Spd含量也呈极显著正相关。【结论】 3种多胺经酶的合成代谢后和激素共同缓解葡萄苗所遭受到的盐胁迫,期间主要发生作用的是多胺合成酶,盐胁迫下多胺与激素含量之间的变化关系也十分密切。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托,采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标,按业务流程设计与实现的,包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题,建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

内脐蠕孢属、平脐蠕孢属和凸脐蠕孢属的研究

本文报道了平脐蠕孢属(Bipolaris)一个新种,一个新组合,5个新记录以及凸脐蠕孢属(Exserohilum)一个新记录。讨论了内脐蠕孢属(Drechslera)、平脐蠕孢属、凸脐蠕孢属与长蠕孢属(Helminthosporium)的关系,并就我国已报道的长蠕孢属真菌按Alcorn等~([1,3,4,5,24])人的意见,逐个进行了订正。