重庆市卵圆型栀子的栀子苷含量测定与分析

以重庆市卵圆型栀子为试材,对其不同类型、果型和叶型的栀子苷含量进行了测定与分析.结果表明,不同类型卵圆型栀子的栀子苷含量呈显著差异,阔叶大果型含量最高,狭叶小果型含量最低;大果型卵圆型栀子的栀子苷含量显著高于中果、小果型;阔叶型卵圆型栀子的栀子苷含量显著高于狭叶型.群体栀子苷含量高于国家药典标准,但部分狭叶中果和狭叶小果型低于药典标准.     

Comparative analysis on grain quality and yield of different panicle weight indica-japonica hybrid rice(Oryza sativa L.) cultivars

Indica-japonica hybrid rice(Oryza sativa L.) cultivars showed high yield potential and poor tasting quality when compared with common japonica rice cultivars. Large panicle is a prominent factor of high yield for indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars, and the panicle weight varies greatly among different indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars. It is important to research on yield and grain quality of different panicle weight indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars. In this study, two different panicle types indica-japonica hybrid cultivars were used to research on the relation of yield and grain quality. The yields of two heavy panicle weights indica-japonica hybrid cultivars were significantly higher than that of two medium panicle weight rice cultivars. The cooking and eating quality and starch properties of different panicle type cultivars were evaluated. Yongyou 6715(medium panicle) and Yongyou 1852(heavy panicle) got the relatively higher cooking and eating quality. Rice cultivars with medium panicle weight had more large starch granules and higher relative crystallinity than cultivars with heavy panicle weight. Transition temperature and retrogradation enthalpy(ΔHret) of medium panicle type cultivars were significantly higher than that of heavy panicle type cultivars. There was no significant difference in amylose content among different panicle type cultivars. Protein content of heavy panicle type cultivar was higher than that of medium panicle type cultivar, and protein content is the main factor affect cooking and eating quality in this study. The cultivar Yongyou 6715 got the highest taste value with the lowest protein content. Thus, it is suggested that the emphasis on improving rice cooking and eating quality of indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars is how to reduce the protein content in rice grain. According to the results of this study, medium panicle type with high grain weight is the desired panicle type for high quality indica-japonica hybrid rice breeding.     

Comparison of grain yield and quality of different types of japonica rice cultivars in the northern Jiangsu plain,China

In recent years, an increasing number of different types of japonica rice cultivars have been released in the southern rice region of China. The grain yield and quality of these new cultivars showed significant differences in large scale planting. However, the causes of the differences remain little known. Therefore, three typical types of japonica rice cultivars were used in this study to investigate their grain yield and quality. A scanning calorimeter(DSC), X-ray powder diffractometer(XRD), rapid viscosity analyzer(RVA) and taste analyzer were used to evaluate the cooking and eating properties. The results showed that the yield of non-soft hybrid japonica rice cultivars was significantly higher than that of non-soft inbred japonica rice cultivars and soft inbred japonica rice cultivars. Soft inbred japonica rice cultivars had a low amylose content and moderate protein content, which are the main reasons for the superior cooking and eating quality. In addition, the relative crystallinity of soft inbred japonica rice cultivars was significantly higher than that of non-soft inbred and non-soft hybrid japonica rice cultivars, which is considered the major factor resulting in higher transition temperature and gelatinization enthalpy(ΔHgel). Non-soft hybrid japonica rice cultivars had a higher number of large starch granules than soft inbred and non-soft inbred japonica rice cultivars. The setback value(SB) and breakdown value(BD), indirectly reflecting the cooking and eating quality of the three types of japonica rice cultivars, also confirmed that soft inbred japonica rice cultivars with a low SB value and a high BD value had better palatability than the other two types. This study provides guidance for future plantation of different types of japonica rice cultivars in large rice-producing areas.     

Studies on Single Cell Culture in vitro in Wheat--The variation of grain protein content and its fractions from regenerated plants

On the basis of previous studies dealing with the variation of major agronomic and yield characteristics of regenerated plants derived from single cell culture in vitro of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.Cultivar NE 7742),the grain protein content and its fractions from regenerated plants with stable agronomic characteristics were studied from 1992 to 1995.The results showed that the variation of grain protein content and its fractions in somaclones from single cell culture in vitro were very significant and the range was very wide (11.53-17.70%).Several types of variation were found in the studies,espercially the type with higher protein content than that of cultivar NE 7742(non-culture parent).Among them.-20.69% of lines the grain protein content was significantly higher than that of NE 7742 and combined with high yielding potential.The tendency of variation of the four protein fractions showed that the variation of albumin was not obvious and maintained the same level as NE7742,the content of gliadin increased in some somaclones and decreased in others.However,the percentages both globulin and glutenin tended to increase.The variation of total amount of structural protein and the ratio between globulin and glutenin tended to increase.the variation of total amount of structural protein and the ratio between globulin and albumm was mainly influenced by globulin under the condition of culture in vitro.The variation of total amount of storage protein and the ratio between gliadin and glutenin was mainly by glutenin.The results mentioned above bemonstrated that the induction and screening of somaclonal variation could be an effective way in wheat improvement in combining high protein content with high yield.     

Effect of Crossbreed on the Muscle Quality （Chemical Composition） in Yun- Ling Black Goats

Twenty castrated male goats, each of Yun-Ling Black goats （YLB goat）, N × YLB hybrid goats （Nubian ♂ ×Yun-Ling Black goats 9） and B × YLB hybrid goats （Boer ♂× Yun-Ling Black goats ♀）, were used to evaluate the effect of crossbreeding on the meat chemical composition in the YLB goats of China. After weaning of 90 days, all the experimental goats were reared on natural pasture when they were slaughtered at an age of 730 days. The longissimus dorsi （LD） and biceps femoris （BF） muscles were sampled from each carcass to determine chemical compositions. Both hybrid goats had higher protein content （P 〈 0.01） and lower fat content （P 〈 0.05） than the YLB goats in the two types of muscle. The inosinic acid contents of LD muscle for the YLB goats and the B × YLB hybrid goats were significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） than that for the N × YLB hybrid goats. The LD muscle from the YLB goats contained higher essential amino acid （P 〈 0.01）, total amino acid （P 〈 0.01）, and some individual amino acid （P 〈 0.05） than those from the hybrid goats. The concentration of unsaturated fatty acid （USFA） of LD muscle from the N × YLB hybrid goats was significantly higher than the other two goat breeds （P〈0.05） but did not differ between the other two goat breeds （P〉0.05）. The YLB goats had significantly higher （P〈0.05） concentrations of oleic acid （C18：1） and linolenic acid （C18：3） of LD muscle than the hybrid goats, had significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） proportion of mono-unsaturated （Sum for C 16：1 and C 18：1） than the B ×YLB hybrid goats, and tended to be higher than the N × YLB hybrid goats （P 〉 0.05）. In contrast, the proportion of poly-unsaturated in the YLB goats was significantly lower （P 〈 0.05） than that in the hybrid goats.     

Photosynthesis, Carbohydrate Storage and Remobilization During Grain Filling as Affected by Sulphur Application in Winter Wheat

Photosynthesis and carbohydrate storage and remobilization was investigated during grain filling of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Lumai 22) in sulphur application experiments where the available sulphur (S) content in the soil of 0-20 cm soil layer was 5.84 mg kg^-1. Two levels of S were applied as S0 (0 kg S ha^-1) and S1 (67.5 kg S ha^-1). The results showed that net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf of S1 treatment was significantly higher than S0 treatment, and it increased gradually from anthesis to 35 DAA. Sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) activity and sucrose content of S1 treatment were significantly higher than those of S0 treatment. The contents of total soluble sugar, sucrose, fructose, glucose, DP3 and DP≥4 fructan in stem and sheath of S1 treatment were significantly higher than those of S0 treatment also. The amount of total soluble sugar and fructans remobilization from stem and sheath and the starch accumulating rate in grain of S1 treatment was significantly higher than those of S0 treatment. It is suggested that sulphur application increase photosynthate remobilization from stem and sheath to grain at later filling stage.     

吉林西部土壤微量营养元素有效量及其影响因素

通过对吉林西部3个工作区土样的微量营养元素全量、有效量以及土壤pH值和有机质含量的测定,分析了土壤微量营养元素有效量特征及其影响因素结果表明,吉林西部有效B基本不缺乏;有效Mn含量极丰富;有效Cu含量农安极丰富,明显高于其它2区,大安有效Cu含量样点间差异较大;土壤有效Zn基本不缺乏;有效Mo严重缺乏,且地区差异性较大;吉林西部有效Fe含量极丰富.土壤有效Mn、Cu和Fe含量受全量控制;B、Zn 元素有效量受土壤pH值的制约;土壤有机质则与有效Mn和Fe呈极显著正相关. Abstract： Based on the assay of the total content and available content of the trace nutrient elements and the soil pH and organic matter of the soil samples,the characteristic of the available content of the trace nutrient elements and their affecting factors are studied.The results show that the available B in western Jilin is in a middle level,the content in Nong'an is higher than that in the others;the available Mn is extremely abundant;the available Cu in Nong'an is obviously higher than other areas,and the content in Da'an differs greatly;the available Zn is in a middle level;the severe shortage of available Mo differs between different areas;and the available Fe is extremely abundant.The available Mn,Cu and Fe have significantly positive correlation with their total content;the available B has significantly positive correlation with pH,and Zn has obviously negative correlation with pH;the available Mn and Fe had significantly positive correlation with soil organic matter.     

Effects of Pesticide Applications on the Biochemical Properties of Transgenic cry 2A Rice and the Life History Parameters of Nilaparvata lugens Stl (Homptera: Delphacidae)

Effects of transgenic Bt rice on non-target pests following pesticide applications plays an important role in evaluating the ecological safety of transgenic rice. Changes of the life history parameters of laboratory population of Nilaparvata lugens feeding on transgenic Bt rice T2A-1 and its parental line cv. MH63 as the control, and the contents of oxalic acid and soluble sugar following three pesticides （triazophos, jinggangmycin and chlorantraniliprole） treatments were investigated in this paper. Results showed that the population parameters of N. lugens and the physiological and biochemical parameters of rice did not differ significantly between T2A-1 and MH63 without pesticide application. But, the emergence rate （ER）, the nymphal number of next generation （NN）, and the index of population trend （IP） on T2A-1 treated with 10 mg L^-1 of triazophos were significantly higher than those on MH63, respectively, while the hatchability （HB） on T2A-1 treated with the three pesticides were obviously lower than those on MH 63. Furthermore, the content of oxalic acid in MH63 treated with 20 mg L^-1 triazophos and, 40 and 80 mg L^-1 chlorantraniliprole was significantly higher than that in T2A-1, while the content of soluble sugar in T2A-1 treated with 400 mg L^-1 jinggangmycin was significantly higher than that in MH63. The results above indicated that triazophos in a low dose could cause a more favor of T2A-1 to population growth of N. lugens compared with MH 63.     

Characteristics of Rice Plant with Heavy Panicle

Using 15 indica rice varieties with different panicle weight, some ideal plant type characteristics in heavy panicle type of hybrid rice （HPT） and their relation to yield and its components were studied. Results showed that the leaf area index （LAI） of the HPT varieties was lower than that of medium panicle type （MPT） and light panicle type （LPT） varieties, but its decreasing rate of LAI and efficient LAI after heading was slower and had much higher percentage of efficient LAI, specific leaf weight, and ratio of grain to leaf area （cm^2） in comparison with the MPT and the LPT varieties. The length, width, thickness, and area of top three leaves of the HPT varieties were significantly larger than those of the MPT and the LPT varieties, and these components of top three leaves were significantly and positively correlated with the number of spikelets and filled grains, grain weight per panicle, and grain yield. The flag leaf in HPT varieties was erect with sorrow leaf angle, and their leaf angle of 2nd and 3rd leaf from top increased in sequence. The plant height of the HPT varieties was higher than that of the MPT and the LPT varieties, and their leaf site of top three leaves also increased in sequence. Therefore, HPT varieties as an ideal plant type could increase the utilization efficiency of sunlight energy. The ideal plant type characteristics and their adjuncts for the HPT varieties are proposed in this article.     

缙云山不同森林植被下土壤理化性状研究

采用野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法对缙云山不同森林植被下土壤理化性状进行研究.结果表明,不同森林植被覆盖对土壤理化性状有较大的影响.阔叶林下土壤的孔隙度最大,为60.85%±19.04%,针叶林下土壤的孔隙度最小,为52.34%±12.37%.阔叶林下土壤中的碱解氮、速效钾含量明显高于针叶林与针阔混交林;速效磷含量在0～5 cm土层由大到小顺序是阔叶林.针阔混交林,针叶林,但在5～40 cm土层由大到小的顺序却是针叶林,阔叶林,针阔混交林.三种森林植被下土壤有机碳含量随着土层的加深呈现下降的趋势,不同森林植被间土壤有机碳舍量由大到小顺序是阔叶,.针叶林,针阔混交林.

Abstract：

The physico-chemical properties of the soils under coniferous forests, mixed forests and broad-leaved forests in the Jinyun mountains were studied by means of field survey and laboratory analysis.Max-imum soil porosity of about 60.85%±19.04% was noticed in broad-leaved forests while minimum soil po-rosity of about52.34%±12.37% was found in coniferous forests.Alkali-hydrolyzable N and available K were higher in broad-leaved forests than in conferred forests and mixed forests.Available P content ap-peared in the sequence of broad-leaved forests > mixed forests > coniferous forests in the 0～5 cm soil layer and in the sequence of coniferous forests > broad-leaved forests > mixed forests in the 5～40 cm soil layer.Soil organic carbon (SOC) tended to decrease with increasing soil depth and appeared in the se-quence of broad-leaved forests > coniferous forests > mixed forests.     

我国土壤铁锰结核研究进展

铁锰结核是土壤成土过程中的产物。我国近年来对土壤铁锰结核的物理性状、内部结构、元素的地球化学特征、锰矿物类型的鉴定进行了系统研究,并分析了其形成原因及形成时代,同时对铁锰结核所引起的土壤环境效应进行了初步研究。今后一段时期铁锰结核的主要研究方向是深化土壤铁锰结核形成机制、铁锰结核的空间比较性研究以及铁锰结核与土壤环境的相关性研究。     

哺乳动物显微受精研究进展

全面系统地总结了哺乳动物显微受精的发展历史和现状，从注射部位、精子状态、精子发生、卵子状态、卵子激活等方面阐述了影响显微受精的主要因素，并指出了在我国开展显微受精的重要性和必要性。     

盘锦冬季日光温室小气候特征研究

为了进一步提高设施农业气象服务水平,对盘锦地区冬季日光温室小气候变化规律进行了分析。结果表明：不同天气条件下日光温室各月气温日变化趋势相似,均呈“单峰”曲线型。晴天和多云天气日光温室内相对湿度昼高夜低;阴天和雨雪天日光温室内相对湿度变化比较平稳。不同天气条件下冬季日光温室室内总辐射最大值出现月份不同,有无草帘对温室内总辐射值影响较大。     

相思树种的体外繁殖及基因工程研究进展

该文从茎尖的培养、器官发生和体细胞胚胎发生3个方面详细综述了国内外近30年来相思树体外繁殖的研究进展,并分析总结了相思树基因工程育种的研究近况,从而提出了相思树体外繁殖及基因工程研究所存在的问题及发展趋势.认为只有在阐明相思树体外再生的生化、生理机制的基础上,才能对其体外繁殖进行有效的控制,进而促进更多、更有价值的林木基因工程新品种的培育.      

我国苜蓿抗霜霉病的研究进展

介绍了霜霉病的症状和发生规律及病原菌的生物学特性，提出苜蓿霜霉病的防治更侧重于“防”，更依赖于科学的田间管理与草地利用等综合防治措施，即牧草混播、合理施肥、合理利用、搞好田间卫生、种子处理，最后指出了苜蓿育种工作中存在的主要问题。     

试管开花研究进展

植物试管开花的研究越来越受关注,本文主要从不同外植体、植物激素、营养水平和环境因素4个方面说明对植物试管开花的影响及其研究进展。     

新辟山地桃园化学除草试验

对适宜新辟桃园的除草剂品种进行了比较,筛选并研究了合理的混用技术。在所选的５ 种药剂中,克芜踪的速效性最好,但持效期短。用２０％ 克芜踪３ ０００ｍ ｌ／ｈｍ ２ 喷施,药后１０天,杂草平均株防效和鲜重防效达９１．１％ 和９６．２％ ;药后１５ 天,杂草开始复生,防效下降;药后６０ 天株防效和鲜重防效降至３５．４％ 和６７．７％ 。草甘膦系列的除草净度高、防效持久,但药效发挥较缓慢。用４１％ 农达５ ２５０ｍ ｌ／ｈｍ ２,药后２０ 天株防效和鲜重防效达９０．７％ 和９３．１％ ;药后６０ 天株防效和鲜重防效仍达９４．０％ 和９３．７％ 。克芜踪、草甘膦系列除草剂与禾耐斯（乙草胺）混配,能互补长短,提高药效。混用后,克芜踪防效提高２％ ～８％ ;农达、草甘膦防效提高２％ ～５％ 。人工锄草株防效和鲜重防效仅为７０．６％ 和８４．１％ ,且山地表土层松动后易造成水肥流失。     

江淮地区小麦肥料效应试验研究

试验结果表明:江淮地区N、P、K的施肥配比为1∶0.5∶0.5时,小麦增产又增效。     

我国苜蓿褐斑病研究进展

苜蓿是农牧业发展中不可缺少的牧草之一。苜蓿褐斑病是由苜蓿假盘菌引起的一种最常见的世界性豆科牧草病害,对它的研究多数集中于褐斑病的田间病情调查与病原菌的鉴定。近年来,由于生物技术的迅速发展,国内的研究者开始对褐斑病进行一些比较深入的研究,本文对苜蓿褐斑病的研究进展做一介绍,不仅指出了存在的问题,同时还提出了一些建议,以供我国有关的科技人员和生产参考。     

天津市6～7月份植保动态

6月份 做好夏蝗、一代玉米螟、一代二化螟的防治工作. (1)6月上旬是夏蝗防治的最佳适期,在蝗情侦察准确的基础上,进行及时防治可确保蝗虫不起飞危害.各区县除了国有荒地为区县植保站进行蝗虫监测及防治外,农田蝗虫监测及防治由农民自觉进行,若发生蝗情应及时向当地植保部门汇报和咨询,以取得支持和帮助.