不同类别白菜傅立叶变换红外光谱判别研究

[目的]利用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）技术对不同类别的白菜进行判别区分分析.[方法]将不同类别的白菜打浆处理,经冷冻真空干燥后结合FTIR技术对白菜溴化钾压片扫描,对中红外光谱数据进行DA聚类判别分析,并对模拟甲醛白菜样品做预测判别分析.[结果]试验得出,30个普通白菜、78个绿色白菜及30个模拟甲醛处理白菜建模样品能有效地聚类分布在不同区域;预测4个模拟甲醛处理的白菜样品都能准确判别分布在甲醛白菜范围内,准确率超过95％.[结论]利用FTIR技术结合光谱数据的DA判别分析,能较准确地对普通白菜、绿色白菜、模拟甲醛处理白菜进行区分分析,并对抽样验证甲醛白菜的类别进行准确预测判别.     

鱼类及其他脊椎动物神经递质含量的比较研究

采用高效液相色谱法测定了变温动物(鱼、蛙、鳖)和恒温动物(鸡、狗、牛)脑和脊髓中多巴胺(DA)和5-羟色胺(5-HT)的含量。结果表明:(1)变温动物和恒温动物脑和脊髓中DA和5-HT含量存在较大差异。变温动物脑和脊髓中DA含量分别为(0.228±0.014)μg/g和(0.155±0.003)μg/g,5-HT含量分别为(0.465±0.139)μg/g和(0.104±0.004)μg/g;恒温动物脑和脊髓中DA含量分别为(0.258±0.015)μg/g和(0.236±0.018)μg/g;脑和脊髓中5-HT为(1.020±0.166)μg/g和(0.712±0.344)μg/g。(2)湖泊与池塘的鲢脑中DA含量分别为(0.197±0.018)μg/g和(0.073±0.012)μg/g,血液中肾上腺素(Ad)含量分别为(0.065±0.013)μg/g和(0.025±0.007)μg/g。这说明DA和Ad在鱼类环境应激中有重要作用。(3)从鱼类经鸟类到哺乳类纵向比较,其神经递质的含量是不同的。以进化论和全息论的观点来看,其中可能蕴藏着生物医药潜力。     

紫外诱变对绿僵菌素生产的影响

利用金龟子绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae var.ansopliae MaQ10 菌株作为出发菌株,应用紫外线(UV)诱变其分生孢子和原生质体,分别测定了40个突变株的绿僵菌素产量.结果表明,出发菌株MaQ10的绿僵菌素A和B(DA和DB)产量分别为(106.81±9.55)和(29.53±2.70)μg/mL,分生孢子突变株的DA和DB平均产量分别为(45.05±7.77)和(10.83±1.05)μg/mL,原生质体突变株的DA和DB平均产量分别为(68.97±6.07)和(11.80±1.35)μg/mL;绿僵菌素产量最高的分生孢子突变株是 08 菌株,其DA达到(158.29±3.85)μg/mL,比出发菌株增产48.21%;产量最高的原生质体突变株是24菌株,其DA和DB产量分别达到(146.95±12.28)和(36.91±5.37)μg/mL,比出发菌株分别增产37.59%和25.11%.分生孢子诱变的DA和DB正突变率分别为15.00%和0,负突变率分别达到85.00%和97.50%;原生质体诱变的DA和DB正突变率分别为17.50%和5.00%,负突变率分别为70.50%和95.50%.原生质体诱变效果优于分生孢子诱变效果.另外,紫外线诱变不会改变DA与DB产量的正相关性.     

Influence of Dietary Isoflavonoids on Stability of Egg Yolk Lipids

An experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary tea polyphenol (TP) and daidzein (DA) on lipid stability of egg yolk. Two-hundred and seventy 27-week-old Hisex Brown laying hens were divided into nine groups, fed a diet supplemented with 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg kg-1 TP and 5, 10, 20, 40 mg kg- 1 DA respectively for a period of 8 weeks ad libitum. The dietary addition of TP and DA both could reduce egg yolk LPO content significantly at the end of 4-week experiment (P ＜ 0.05) and keep egg yolk lipid stable at the supplemental dose of 10 mg kg- 1 diet respectively. A significant liner reduction in egg yolk LPO content was found with the increasing of dietary TP and DA. The egg yolk LPO content was decreased by 23.1 and 27.0% (P＜ 0.05) with the supplementation of TP and DA respectively at 40 mg kg-1 diet. The LPO contents in liver, plasma and egg yolk were decreased significantly with the dietary addition of TP or DA respectively ( P ＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference between the effects of TP and DA on improvement of layers‘ antioxidative capacity. The dietary TP and DA both could improve the bird‘s antioxidative level directly irrelevant to SOD and GSH-Px actiVities.     

甲醛与重金属二元混合体系对发光细菌的联合毒性

以甲醛及4种重金属Cd(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)为研究对象,以费氏弧菌为受试生物,分别测定5种物质的单一急性毒性及甲醛与重金属二元混合体系的联合毒性,并利用DA模型和IA模型对二元混合体系的联合毒性进行预测及验证。结果表明,依据EC50大小判定5种物质的急性毒性大小顺序为Pb(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、甲醛、Cd(Ⅱ)。DA模型和IA模型都可以较好地预测混合体系"甲醛+Cd(Ⅱ)"、"甲醛+Cu(Ⅱ)"、"甲醛+Pb(Ⅱ)"对发光细菌的联合毒性效应,IA模型预测效果比DA模型更好;对于混合体系"甲醛+Zn(Ⅱ)"的联合毒性,两种模型的预测都不准确。     

硅肥和接种纹枯病菌对水稻膜脂过氧化和防御酶活性的影响

在群体水培条件下,探讨施硅肥和接种纹枯病菌对水稻叶片丙二醛(M DA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响。结果表明:未接菌条件下,硅肥能提高POD、CAT的活性,降低SOD活性,M DA含量略有上升;接菌处理使M DA含量、CAT和POD活性升高,SOD活性降低;接菌和施硅肥处理使SOD活性下降,第4天达最小值,但其活性仍高于接菌未施硅肥处理,其POD、CAT活性第4天达最大值,M DA含量第3、4天达最大值;施硅肥后接菌叶片的上位叶片的SOD、CAT和POD活性与接菌叶片无明显差异。施硅肥能显著降低水稻植株的纹枯病病情指数,提高其对纹枯病的抗病能力,相对防治效果达25.8%。     

Effects of Destruxin A on Hemocytes Morphology of Bombyx mori

Destruxin A (DA), a kind of cyclo-hexadepsipeptide isolated from entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae, is an inhibitor of insect’s immunity. But its mechanism has not been clarified yet. In this study, the effects of DA on morphologic changes of in vivo and in vitro hemocytes of silkworm, Bombyx mori, were investigated by means of inverted phase contrast microscopy (IPCM), fluorescence microscopy (FCM) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The results indicated that DA was cytotoxic to granulohemocytes (GR) and plasmatocytes (PL). The LC 50 values of DA against in vitro GR and PL of silkworm were 68.77 and 84.11 μg mL-1, respectively. However, the hemocytes in vivo were more susceptible to DA, although at the extremely low dose of 10 μL of 12.5 μg mL-1 for each insect (i.e., 0.036 μg g-1 body weight, or approximately 0.25 μg mL-1 hemolymph), DA could induce obviously morphologic alterations of hemocytes in vivo. The results imply that there might be some factors in silkworm’s hemolymph, which influence the interaction of DA and hemocytes.     

社会隔离对雌性小鼠动情周期及中枢ERα和TH免疫活性表达的影响

雌激素受体(ERα)和多巴胺(DA)可参与雌性动物动情周期调节,故本研究通过酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)标记DA神经元,探讨了社会隔离对雌性动情周期及ERα和DA的影响。成年雌性ICR小鼠社会隔离10 d后,检测其动情周期变化及动情期和动情间期中枢ERα-IR和TH-IR神经元表达。结果发现,社会隔离延长了雌鼠的动情前期和动情期(P0.05),但对动情后期和动情间期没有影响;社会隔离和动情周期均会显著影响终纹床核(BNST)、内侧视前区(MPOA)和下丘脑弓状核(AR)的ERα-IR神经元表达(P0.05),并对AR的ERα-IR表达和中脑腹侧被盖区(VTA)的TH-IR神经元表达有交互影响(P0.05),表现为社会隔离减少动情期AR的ERα-IR表达(P0.05),增加动情期和动情间期TH-IR表达(P0.05),且对动情期的影响更明显。提示社会隔离会干扰雌鼠的动情周期,ERα和DA在特定脑区的变化对此具有重要调制作用。     

多巴胺对鸡新城疫疫苗抗体效价的影响

将180只10日龄公鸡随机均分成9组,用新城疫LaSota弱毒疫苗(ND)点眼滴鼻免疫的同时,3个实验组分别肌肉注射高、中、低剂量的多巴胺激动剂和拮抗剂溶液,注射1次/d,连续注射3次,对照组注射生理盐水。各组分别于免疫后7、14、21、28 d翼下静脉采血,分离血清,用微量血凝抑制(HI)测定新城疫抗体效价。结果表明,多巴胺(DA)受体激动剂中剂量组的HI抗体效价明显高于对照组,且呈现一直上升趋势;多巴胺(DA)受体拮抗剂的高剂量组抗体效价明显低于对照组,且呈现一直下降趋势;表明DA对新城疫疫苗的抗体效价有明显的调节作用。     

菲律宾芒果和蔬菜的农药残留超标

据菲律宾农业部(DA)的官员透露,菲律宾芒果承包商和蔬菜种植者使用农药超标。2006年9月12日,在菲律宾达沃市的高利润商业作物区,DA协调者Roman Armenio说,