Study on the Relationship between, the Moisture Content of Brown Rice and Milling Characteristics

An experiment about rice milling was made to study on the relationship between the different moisture content of brown rice and the energy consumption, the broken rice rate, the crack rate and the head rice yield. It could be concluded that the head rice yield increased at first falls and then along with the raise of moisture content and it could reach the maximum 70.78% when moisture content was 15.5%; the energy consumption of rice milling decreased along with the increase of moisture contents; the broken rice rate fell at first and then increased along with the raise of moisture contents and it could reach the minimum 4.28% when the moisture content was 15.5%.     

Study on the Effect of Moisture Conditioned for Brown Rice on Milling Characteristic

The effect of moisture conditioned for brown rice （moisture content of 1.45%） on milling characteristic was studied in this paper. Milling experiments were conducted for the brown rice, which were conditioned under different amount of humidification and duration. Software SAS was used to analyze the effect of amount of humidification and duration on the head rice yield and energy consumption of milled brown rice. The reasonable parameters including amount of humidification of 1.45% and duration of 60-90 rain were obtained, which decreased energy consumption by 30% and increased head rice yield by 10%. Therefore, the method of moisture conditioned can improve milling quality of stored paddy due to the hardness and crisp of paddy reduced.     

Study of the Protective Effects in PEPC Transgenic Rice

The diurnal course of chlorophyll fluorescence parameter and active oxygen metabolism of flag leaves in PEPC transgenic and untransformed rice Kitaake were studied. The results showed that the photosynthetic rate under high light intensity has been increased by 50% and photoinhibition of photosynthesis in PEPC transgenic was alleviated after the introduction of PEPC gene from maize into rice. It was demonstrated that the increment of photosynthesis in PEPC transgenic was related to the introduction of PEPC gene using specific inhibitor of PEPC. Photoinhibition of photosynthesis in different genotypes exists at noon under natural condition. PEPC transgenic rice exhibited a less decrease in Fv/Fm, a less photoinhibition and a higher efficiency of light energy conversion to chemical energy and lower thermal energy dissipation.These results provided the physiological basis on the mechanism of tolerance to photoinhibition and rice breeding with high photosynthetic efficiency.     

新育成反向核不育水稻FHS开花习性观察(英文)

[Objective] This study was to use reverse genic male sterile FHS better in field production. [Method] Low energy nitrogen ion beam was taken as a mutation source to conduct mutagenic treatment for indica rice 99-02 and the mutant FHS with special fertility that was isolated from their offspring. Some characteristics such as flowering habit and stigma exsertion rate of FHS were observed in this experiment. [Result] The reverse genic sterile rice FHS had an obvious peak flowering stage from 10:00 to 10:30, while the second peak flowering was from August 5 to August 10. Compared with PA64S, FHS flowered early and its flowering time was concentrated, showing that it is for seed propagation. The stigma exsertion rate of FHS was 85.8% and low exsertion rate was good for the purity of seed. [Conclusion] The reverse genic sterile rice FHS had good value in use, besides, it could also be used as comparison material for studying fertility alternation mechanism of photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile rice.     

Principal Component Analysis of Cooked Rice Texture Qualities

Texture qualities of cooked rice are comprised of many indexes with the complex relationship, so it is difficult to analyze and evaluate cooked rice. In this paper, the related indexes of texture properties were conversed into the independent indexes of principal component based on the principal component analysis method. The results showed that the rice kernel types influenced the meanings of principal components indexes. For long and short rice, the first principal component was comprehensive index. But the second principal component was springiness for the short rice, while it was adhesiveness for long rice. Therefore, the first principal component can be used to express the quality of cooked rice with a few of indexes, and the rice type can be recognized according to the second principal component.     

Performance of Fatty Liver Development in Response to Brown Rice and Corn-Based Diets in Overfed Landes Geese （Anser anser）

The effect of brown rice and corn-based diets on fatty liver weight, carcass traits, lipids accumulation and liver composition of Landes geese (Anser anser) after feeding the same amount of each diet was investigated. After 2 weeks overfeeding,besides body weight and body weight gain increased significantly, the fatty liver weights were increased dramatically from 94.67 to 554.67 and 754.00 g in corn treatment and rice treatment, respectively, and the accumulation lipids in adipose tissues reached up to or close to 2 folds of initial weight in both treatments. Liver weight was greater in brown rice group than in corn group (P＜0.05). Compared to before overfeeding, triacylglycerols (TG) in geese fatty liver increased dramatically and predominated (from 9.08% to close to or more than 90% of hepatic lipids), whereas phospholipids (PL) and cholesteryl esters (CE) decreased sharply in both treatments (P＜O.05). However, the percentages of lipids, TG and PL in fatty liver were higher in brown rice treatment than in corn treatment, and that of CE was lower (P＜O.05). It indicates that overfeeding chiefly results in lipids accumulation in goose fatty liver and adipose tissues. Brown rice-based diet induces greater fatty liver, and brown rice is one of high quality overfeeding ingredients instead of corn.     

Automated detection and identification of white-backed planthoppers in paddy fields using image processing

A survey of the population densities of rice planthoppers is important for forecasting decisions and efficient control. Traditional manual surveying of rice planthoppers is time-consuming, fatiguing, and subjective. A new three-layer detection method was proposed to detect and identify white-backed planthoppers(WBPHs, Sogatella furcifera(Horváth)) and their developmental stages using image processing. In the first two detection layers, we used an Ada Boost classifier that was trained on a histogram of oriented gradient(HOG) features and a support vector machine(SVM) classifier that was trained on Gabor and Local Binary Pattern(LBP) features to detect WBPHs and remove impurities. We achieved a detection rate of 85.6% and a false detection rate of 10.2%. In the third detection layer, a SVM classifier that was trained on the HOG features was used to identify the different developmental stages of the WBPHs, and we achieved an identification rate of 73.1%, a false identification rate of 23.3%, and a 5.6% false detection rate for the images without WBPHs. The proposed three-layer detection method is feasible and effective for the identification of different developmental stages of planthoppers on rice plants in paddy fields.     

The Comparison in Tissue Culture Ability of Mature Embryo in Different Cultivars of Rice

In order to study the regeneration technology of mature embryos in different rice varieties,nine japonica,nine indica and eleven hybrid rice varieties of two line or three line or superiority combinations were selected as explants to study the callus induction,differentiation and regeneration rates on different media.The higher callus induction （61.7-89.2%） was observed in japonica rice,when cytokinin was added at lower concentration （0.3 mg L-1 6-BA） in M8 basal medium,supplemented with 30 g L-1 sucrose,8 g L-1 agar and 2 mg L-1 2,4-D.Further,the addition of two cytokinins （2 mg L-1 6-BA,0.5 mg L-1 KT） and 1 mg L-1 NAA in the M8 basal supplemented medium resulted in 9.1-100% of the callus induction in indica rice.The percent callus induction in hybrid rice varieties was 40-86.3% when addition of 1 mg L-1 6-BA and 1 mg L-1 KT was added,and the cytokinins was required by the japonica and indica rice varieties in the M8 basal supplemented medium.It was observed that when the 0.5 mg L-1 2,4-D and 1 mg L-1 6-BA were added in japonica rice,and 0.2 mg L-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg L-1 6-BA were added in indica and hybrid rice in the MS different media,the regeneration rates were 9.2-59.5%,3.6-87.5% and 17.2-43.2% for japonica,indica and hybrid rice,respectively.Thus,the regeneration technology with higher output is established in the mature embryos of similar rice varieties.     

Effect of Lactic Acid Bacterial Inoculants on Rice Straw Silage

The trail was designed to study on technique aspects of ensiling rice straw （RS） appended amounts of lactobacillus. There were two groups according to silage ways, baled silage （BS） and chopped silage （CS）, in which lactobacillus was added at levels of 10, 15 and 20 mg·kg^-1, respectively and the mixtures were placed into a packed polyethylene bags and stored at room temperature for 45 days. The results showed that lactobacillus had remarkable effect on fermentation characteristics of RS. The quality of the silage was improved with the lactobacillus addition. In the experiment the optimal quality of rice straw silage （RSS） can be obtained when lactobacillus was added with 15 or 20 mg·kg^-1 level. The effect of different silage methods was very remarkable to the silage quality of same material. The quality of CS was better than that of long silage, at the same time, BS was feasible on condition of eligible level of lactic acid bacteria.     

Multi–objective Function Optimization for Environmental Control of a Greenhouse Based on a RBF and NSGA-Ⅱ

To better meet the needs of crop growth and achieve energy savings and efficiency enhancements,constructing a reliable environmental model to optimize greenhouse decision parameters is an important problem to be solved.In this work,a radial-basis function (RBF) neural network was used to mine the potential changes of a greenhouse environment,a temperature error model was established,a multi-objective optimization function of energy consumption was constructed and the corresponding decision parameters were optimized by using a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with an elite strategy (NSGA-II).The simulation results showed that RBF could clarify the nonlinear relationship among the greenhouse environment variables and decision parameters and the greenhouse temperature.The NSGA-II could well search for the Pareto solution for the objective functions.The experimental results showed that after 40 min of combined control of sunshades and sprays,the temperature was reduced from 31℃ to 25℃,and the power consumption was 0.5 MJ.Compared with the three days of July 24,July 25 and July 26,2017,the energy consumption of the controlled production greenhouse was reduced by 37.5%,9.1% and 28.5%,respectively.     

糙米的含水率与其碾米性能的影响规律研究

文章以不同含水率的糙米为试样进行碾米加工试验,研究糙米的含水率对精米率、碾米加工的能耗、裂纹率及碎米率的影响规律。研究证实:糙米加工的整精米率随糙米含水率的增加而呈现先增后降的变化规律,在含水率增至15.5%时精米率达到最大值70.78%;磨米加工能耗随糙米水分含量的增加而单调减小;裂纹率随糙米含水率的增加而减小;碎米率随糙米含水率增加的变化规律为先降后增,在含水率15.5%时达到最小值4.28%。     

糙米加湿调质工艺参数对其力学指标影响规律的研究

以糙米(含水率13.3%)为原料,研究糙米加湿调质各工艺参数对其力学指标的影响规律。以糙米初始含水率、一次加湿量、均质时间为试验参数,以糙米的力学特性为考核指标,采用二次旋转正交组合试验方法设计试验,用Reda软件包处理试验数据,得出了各试验参数对其力学指标影响关系的回归方程,分析了各试验因素对力学指标的影响,证实了糙米的力学指标与碾米能耗的密切相关性。     

不同糙米调质工艺对整精米率的影响

为解决五常稻花香大米由于粒型较长且贮藏后水分降低所导致在加工过程中产生碎米率过大的问题。将采用加湿调质工艺，以糙米初始含水率、润糙时间、加湿量为单因素研究对整精米率的影响。在此基础上通过二次回归正交旋转组合设计，利用Origin软件建立整精米率的数学模型，优化试验数据。在糙米初始含水率为14．9％，单次加水量为1．55％，润糙时间为110min条件下，整精米率为67．68％。与未加湿调质的相比较，整精米率提高了约12％。     

糙米加湿调质参数对籽粒抗压强度的影响

糙米加湿调质的主要目的是降低碾白能耗、提高整精米率,而糙米的力学强度影响碾米能耗和碎米的发生。为了研究加湿调质处理对糙米力学性能的影响,采用三因素五水平二次旋转正交组合试验设计,建立糙米籽粒挤压破坏力的数学模型,分析各参数对挤压破坏力的影响规律。结果表明,糙米加湿调质的3个参数对糙米籽粒挤压破坏力的影响均接近线性变化,加湿调质处理降低了糙米籽粒的抗压强度。     

含水率对稻米籽粒剪切特性的影响研究

稻米籽粒的剪切特性指标可以作为稻米品质评价的指标之一,本文通过试验获得了稻米籽粒剪切特性的力学指标包括硬度、破坏能、破坏力及破坏应力等,并研究了含水率对稻米籽粒剪切特性的影响,通过多项式回归建立了剪切特性指标与含水率之间关系的回归方程,为水稻品质育种,评定和控制水稻的最后质量提供新的方法和新的研究手段.     

冷冻处理对糙米水分迁移以及微观结构的影响

以糙米为原料,采用低场核磁和扫描电镜研究冷冻处理对糙米水分迁移和微观结构的影响。低场核磁结果表明,冷冻处理后,糙米结合水横向弛豫时间和质子密度达到稳定时的时间为未冷冻处理糙米的1/3;扫描电镜实验结果证实冷冻后糙米表面有裂痕产生且糙米内部淀粉颗粒之间缝隙增大,说明冷冻处理增加了糙米的吸水速率。     

发芽糙米的干燥特性研究

为探讨干燥条件对发芽糙米含水率变化的影响,应用薄层干燥试验台,研究干燥温度、表现风速以及相对湿度对发芽糙米含水率变化的影响。利用Matlab软件和Excel软件处理试验数据,建立了相关的薄层干燥数学模型。结果表明,干燥温度和表现风速对发芽糙米含水率变化影响显著,而相对湿度对其影响较小;依据试验数据建立的薄层干燥数学模型可以描述和预测发芽糙米干燥过程中水分的变化规律,其相关系数为0.9854。试验结果可以为研究发芽糙米干燥过程中水分变化规律提供理论依据。     

稻米含水率对其弹性模量的影响

稻米籽粒由于尺寸小、形状不规则,难以制成标准试件,因此,不便于采用常规方法测其弹性模量。文章拟采用赫兹理论的修整模型及相应的数据处理方法,测定稻米籽粒的弹性模量,并研究稻米籽粒含水率对其弹性模量的影响。