果蔬冷藏车太阳能半导体冷藏系统的设计

太阳能半导体冷藏系统用半导体制冷片制冷,用于果蔬冷藏车上冷藏水果、蔬菜。文中介绍了半导体制冷器的结构和温度控制电路、太阳能半导体冷藏系统的设计,为果蔬冷藏车的太阳能半导体冷藏系统的开发及其应用提供了基本结构和原理。     

鱼蟹稻田飞虫捕食装置风光互补供能系统的研究

针对鱼蟹稻田飞虫捕食装置的离网型户外供能需求的问题，着重研究该装置的供能系统方案。基于户外供能合理性要求，采用小型风力发电机和太阳能电池板自主互补发电来进行能源供应；对小型风力发电机和太阳能电池板分别进行Matlab/Simulink建模，着重对叶轮的风能利用系数、叶尖速比和桨距角的相关性进行量化分析，利用单因素分析法对太阳能电池板进行分析；在桨距角确定的条件下，适当取值叶尖速比，能够获得最大风能利用系数。同时，在不同温度和辐射的条件下，太阳能电池板能够取得功率曲线的峰值，为风光互补的最大功率获取提供理论上的支持。针对离网型风光互补系统能源的合理化利用，提出混合供能的能量管理策略，符合该装置的供能需求，对户外同类型装置供能设计提供一定的参考。     

Hybrid nanorod-polymer solar cells

We demonstrate that semiconductor nanorods can be used to fabricate readily processed and efficient hybrid solar cells together with polymers. By controlling nanorod length, we can change the distance on which electrons are transported directly through the thin film device. Tuning the band gap by altering the nanorod radius enabled us to optimize the overlap between the absorption spectrum of the cell and the solar emission spectrum. A photovoltaic device consisting of 7-nanometer by 60-nanometer CdSe nanorods and the conjugated polymer poly-3(hexylthiophene) was assembled from solution with an external quantum efficiency of over 54% and a monochromatic power conversion efficiency of 6.9% under 0.1 milliwatt per square centimeter illumination at 515 nanometers. Under Air Mass (A.M.) 1.5 Global solar conditions, we obtained a power conversion efficiency of 1.7%.     

Hydrogen-evolving solar cells

Sunlight is directly converted to chemical energy in hydrogen-evolving photoelectrochemical cells with semiconductor electrodes. Their Gibbs free energy efficiency of solar-to-hydrogen conversion, 13.3 percent, exceeds the solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency of green plants and approaches the solar-to-electrical conversion efficiency of the best p-n junction cells. In hydrogen-evolving photoelectrodes, electron-hole pairs photogenerated in the semiconductor are separated at electrical microcontacts between the semiconductor and group VIII metal catalyst islands. Conversion is efficient when the island diameters are small relative to the wave-lengths of sunlight exciting the semiconductor; when the island spacings are smaller than the diffusion length of electrons at the semiconductor surface; when the height of the potential energy barriers that separate the photogenerated electrons from holes at the semiconductor surface is raised by hydrogen alloying of the islands; when radiationless recombination of electron-hole pairs at the semiconductor-solution interface between the islands is suppressed by controlling the semiconductor surface chemistry; and when the semiconductor has an appropriate band gap (1.0 to 1.8 electron volts) for efficient solar conversion.     

柴达木光伏发电地区逐时太阳辐射预报方法研究

本文利用2005～2009年柴达木盆地10个气象站的日照、地面温度等常规气象资料以及刚察和格尔木的辐射资料,分析了柴达木盆地影响太阳能光伏发电高影响天气的环流形势与影响系统。从天气学和统计学方面进行了研究,探索出了实用的预报指标和预报方法,建立了柴达木盆地太阳能光伏地区逐时太阳辐射动态预报方法和预报服务系统。     

Advanced technology paths to global climate stability: energy for a greenhouse planet

Stabilizing the carbon dioxide-induced component of climate change is an energy problem. Establishment of a course toward such stabilization will require the development within the coming decades of primary energy sources that do not emit carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, in addition to efforts to reduce end-use energy demand. Mid-century primary power requirements that are free of carbon dioxide emissions could be several times what we now derive from fossil fuels (approximately 10(13) watts), even with improvements in energy efficiency. Here we survey possible future energy sources, evaluated for their capability to supply massive amounts of carbon emission-free energy and for their potential for large-scale commercialization. Possible candidates for primary energy sources include terrestrial solar and wind energy, solar power satellites, biomass, nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, fission-fusion hybrids, and fossil fuels from which carbon has been sequestered. Non-primary power technologies that could contribute to climate stabilization include efficiency improvements, hydrogen production, storage and transport, superconducting global electric grids, and geoengineering. All of these approaches currently have severe deficiencies that limit their ability to stabilize global climate. We conclude that a broad range of intensive research and development is urgently needed to produce technological options that can allow both climate stabilization and economic development.     

High-efficiency organic solar concentrators for photovoltaics

The cost of photovoltaic power can be reduced with organic solar concentrators. These are planar waveguides with a thin-film organic coating on the face and inorganic solar cells attached to the edges. Light is absorbed by the coating and reemitted into waveguide modes for collection by the solar cells. We report single- and tandem-waveguide organic solar concentrators with quantum efficiencies exceeding 50% and projected power conversion efficiencies as high as 6.8%. The exploitation of near-field energy transfer, solid-state solvation, and phosphorescence enables 10-fold increases in the power obtained from photovoltaic cells, without the need for solar tracking.     

输气管道阴极保护的理想电源——TEG

ＴＥＧ即热电发生器，以天然气为燃料，可满足边远无电地区输气管道阴极保护直流用电需要。ＴＥＧ供电范围在３０￣３０００Ｗ，特点是安全可靠，无需人员管理，是一种可与太阳能电池相竞争的新型电源，目前已在世界广为应用。     

东北农户屋顶太阳能发电系统设计

为了提高太阳能发电的效率和太阳能发电系统的自动化程度,根据东北农户的特点,设计了可以自动追踪日光的太阳能发电自动控制系统。设计共分为三大部分,分别为太阳能发电系统、向光追日控制系统、自动清理系统。详细介绍了太阳能发电系统的基本组成和工作原理,给出了具体的设计方案。该系统自动化程度较高,并且满足了东北农户的能源需求,具有广泛推广的价值。     

木材联合干燥系统中太阳能集热器的应用研究

太阳能-热泵除湿木材联合干燥系统中,PK1570型空气集热器的采光面积为75.53m~2,在北京地区4～11月,天气晴好、无大风时,集热器的供风温度可达到40～70℃,平均供热量14～25kw,风机的电耗为2.5kw,利用太阳能的节能率≥20％。1989年8月,仅用太阳能干燥5cm厚、15m~3的红松,在12d内,含水率由31％降到14.4％,能耗为19.6kw·h/m~3,,成本为21.9元/m~3。     

太阳能新风系统在北方农村地区的应用研究

我国太阳能资源丰富,尤其是我国北方地区,日照时间长、日照强度强,相对其他地区的太阳能利用有很大的优势,可以利用太阳能生产生活热水、采暖、干燥等。目前太阳能热水系统在我国应用十分广泛,尤其是农村地区,几乎每家都装有真空管式热水集热器,但是太阳能空气集热器作为采暖方式应用较少。我国北方地区冬季以晴朗天气居多,但是温度较低,一般需要进行建筑的供热,太阳能集热器采暖基于自身的优势将成为未来采暖的趋势。该文介绍了我国太阳资源的分布情况,描述了北方采暖的现状,提出将太阳能集热器应用在北方采暖系统中,尤其是在农村地区应用具有实际意义,并通过试验验证了其推广的可行性。     

热泵型太阳能密集烤房烘烤节能途径探讨

为了探索节能减排的烤烟烘烤模式,2009-2010年,在贵州省黔西南州兴义市修建了2栋热泵太阳能密集烤房,并进行了烤烟烘烤节能试验.每栋烤房可装鲜烟叶3 500 kg,烘烤烟叶质量与普通密集烤房相当.使用热泵烘烤烟叶(CK),每千克干烟叶耗电3.08 kW·h,能耗成本为1.40元.使用热泵并利用太阳能作为辅助能源,则...     

Heavily doped semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots

Doping of semiconductors by impurity atoms enabled their widespread technological application in microelectronics and optoelectronics. However, doping has proven elusive for strongly confined colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals because of the synthetic challenge of how to introduce single impurities, as well as a lack of fundamental understanding of this heavily doped limit under strong quantum confinement. We developed a method to dope semiconductor nanocrystals with metal impurities, enabling control of the band gap and Fermi energy. A combination of optical measurements, scanning tunneling spectroscopy, and theory revealed the emergence of a confined impurity band and band-tailing. Our method yields n- and p-doped semiconductor nanocrystals, which have potential applications in solar cells, thin-film transistors, and optoelectronic devices.     

开关磁阻风光互补发电系统最大功率输出研究

针对风能和太阳能等新能源的间歇性、可变等不稳定性特征,利用风能和太阳能的资源互补特性,将风能和太阳能通过转化、储存、控制等手段,形成稳定的电力输出。研究太阳能光伏发电系统和开关磁阻风力发电系统最大功率跟踪策略, 提出一种适应天气变化较快的基于输出电压控制的最大功率点跟踪算法,结合蓄电池的智能控制策略,实现智能风光动态互补。MATLAB仿真实验验证了该控制方法的可行性和有效性。     

纳雍县王家寨镇家猫村农村能源利用现状调查分析

选择王家寨镇家猫村作为研究区域,通过入户访谈,发放调查问卷等方式,整理分析了家猫村人均使用农村能源的数量、结构、来源以及用途。调查数据显示,原煤和柴薪是家猫村农村经济发展的主要能源;沼气、电力、太阳能等清洁能源只占农村能源的10%左右;非法开采原煤和砍伐柴薪对岩溶地区环境的破坏十分严重;落后的牲畜喂养方式和粗放型能源消费是浪费农村能源的主要原因。     

风光互补供电系统在嵌入式环境监测系统中的应用设计

提出一种适用于环境因子检测装置的太阳能和风能混合供电系统的设计,包括能量转换、充电控制和能量存储部分.实现了太阳能与风能的有效利用以及供电和能量存储部分两者之间的自动切换.并对设计方案做了实际性能测试.     

太阳能技术在建筑节能中的应用

就太阳能在节能建筑中采暖、空调和热水系统的热利用进行了阐述.     

风光互补发电系统在转地饲养蜂场中的应用研究

在蜂群转地饲养中,由于场地条件的限制,蜂农的生产、生活难以获取现有交流市电的支持,经过实地蜂场调研,目前蜂农多数使用光伏组件收集太阳能作为能提供源。蜂农在户外难免遇到连续阴雨或者多云天气,无法为蓄电池充电,现有装置就无法满足蜂农的要求。针对这种现状,以风光互补发电系统作为切入点,针对转地饲养蜂农供电问题进行研究,将风力发电与太阳能发电结合起来,弥补连续阴雨天供电不可靠的缺陷,同时能够保证用户均衡充足的用电需求,为蜂农野外养蜂作业提供新的技术理论参考。     

Power, fresh water, and food from cold, deep sea water

Many times more solar heat energy accumulates in the vast volume of warm tropic seas than that produced by all of our power plants. The looming energy crisis causes a renewal of interest in utilizing this stored solar heat to give, in addition to electric power, vast quantities of fresh water. Warm surface water, when evaporated, generates steam, to power a turbine, then fresh water when the steam is condensed by the cold water. A great increase in revenues over that from power and fresh water is shown by a substantial mariculture pilot plant. Deep sea water contains large quantities of nutrients. These feed algae which feed shellfish, ultimately shrimps and lobsters, in shallow ponds. Wastes grow seaweed of value; and combined revenues from desalination, power generation, and mariculture will give substantial profit.     

Arrangement of Multirow Solar Collector Array on Limited Roof Width

At the limited roof north-south (N-S) width of a building, for the array with multirow collectors based on no shading at winter solstice noon and sloped at latitude, this paper studied the shading and the radiant energy striking on solar collector array. Based on Kunming solar radiation data, the annual and monthly solar radiant energy striking on multi-array collectors was analyzed and estimated, from no shading to partial shading by adding 1-3 collector row, at the slopes of 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 35° and 40°, respectively. The results showed that properly increasing the row number by reducing the slope of collectors was reasonable in order to get more annual radiant energy. Adding 1 row at 10 ° of slope was economical for Kunming, based on the 5-row array at 25°. And adding collector row by 20% at 10° of slope could increase the radiant energy striking on the array by 19%.