辣木组织培养和快繁技术研究

采用正交实验设计L9(34),以MS培养基,分别加入不同质量浓度的6-BA、NAA、ZT和蔗糖进行辣木丛生芽增殖诱导;采用正交实验设计L9(34),以不同基本培养基,不同质量浓度的IBA、NAA进行辣木组培苗不定根诱导。结果表明,MS+蔗糖30 g/L+6-BA 1 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L+琼脂7 g/L为辣木诱导丛生芽较佳的启动培养基,丛生芽诱导率可达100%;MS+蔗糖30g/L+ZT 0.5 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+琼脂7 g/L,为辣木丛生芽增殖较佳的培养基,增殖系数为6.17;1/2MS+IBA 0.2 mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L,为辣木丛生芽生根较佳的培养基,不定根诱导率可达100%。     

辣木组织培养技术初步研究

[目的]初步研究辣木组织培养技术。[方法]以辣木种子为外植体,通过组织培养诱导不定芽,形成完整的组培再生植株,并研究辣木诱导、增殖和生根的适宜培养基和培养条件。[结果]最佳外植体诱导培养基为1/2MS+6-BA0.80 mg/L+NAA0.40 mg/L+益培灵0.10 g/L,萌芽率为95%;最佳增殖培养基为MS+6-BA0.30 mg/L+NAA0.02 mg/L+益培灵0.05 g/L,增殖个数为6.4个;最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA0.30 mg/L+ABT1号0.015 mg/L+益培灵0.03 g/L,生根率可达95%,根长为5.21 cm。[结论]辣木组培快繁技术有助于解决良种缺乏的问题,并为种质资源开发利用提供技术支撑。     

黑色马铃薯的组织培养及快繁技术研究

[目的]研究黑色马铃薯的组织培养及快繁技术。[方法]以黑金刚马铃薯的块茎为外植体,于附加不同激素配的MS培养基中诱导愈伤组织、不定芽和不定根,探讨增殖培养和植株再生的条件。[结果]适宜块茎外植体愈伤组织诱导的培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA+0.5 mg/L GA,诱导率可达95%以上;适宜丛生芽诱导的培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA,诱导率达92%以上;1/2MS培养基易于诱导生根,部分外植体可产生紫黑色小块茎,生根率达100%。[结论]该研究可为人工规模化生产黑色马铃薯种苗提供技术资料。     

不同激素水平对金线莲组织培养的影响

以金线莲的茎片、带节茎段和不定芽为外植体,研究不同植物生长激素组合和浓度配比对福建金线莲原球茎诱导、丛生芽诱导及幼苗生根壮苗的影响.结果表明:适合原球茎诱导的培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+2,4-D 0.2 mg/L+ZT 0.2 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂7g/L,诱导率达81％;适合丛生芽增殖的培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+TDZ 0.2 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂7g/L,丛生芽诱导增殖效果最佳,90 d时增殖倍数达23倍;适合不定芽生根的培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+IBA 4.0 mg/L+6-BA 0.1 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂7g/L+AC 3 g/L+香蕉汁100g/L.     

土田七茎尖离体快繁技术研究

以土田七茎尖为外植体,研究不同无机盐浓度和植物生长调节剂对芽诱导、增殖及生根培养的影响。结果表明,适宜的芽诱导培养基为MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA+30 g/L蔗糖,平均每个茎尖长出2.84个芽;芽增殖最佳培养基为MS+3.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA+30 g/L蔗糖,3 0 d的增殖系数为4.32;3/4MS~MS无机盐浓度可以满足生根培养的要求,培养基MS+0.6 mg/L NAA+30 g/L蔗糖,生根率100%,平均每株生根9.74条。     

“六月红”早熟芋快速繁殖技术研究

采用六月红早熟芋的茎尖为外植体进行组织培养。结果表明:最佳分化培养基为MS+6-BA1.0mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L,丛芽分化率为70.8%;最佳增殖培养基为MS+NAA 0.2mg/L+6-BA 0.5mg/L,增殖系数达7.6;生根培养基为MS+6-BA 0.1mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+蔗糖20g/L,生根率100%,生根培养采用液体培养基,可以降低生产成本。5%的蔗糖有利微型芋的形成。     

金线莲不同外植体组织培养成苗技术探讨

以金线莲的顶芽、中部茎段和基部茎段为外植体,研究金线莲组织培养快繁成苗技术。结果表明,初代培养阶段在MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L培养基中,以顶芽为外植体,诱导率、增殖倍数最高;芽苗增殖阶段,在MS+6-BA 1.5~2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L培养基中,3种外植体的芽苗增殖倍数都较高,其中顶芽增殖倍数达到7.5倍;细弱芽苗在MS+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+10%马铃薯+2%蛋白胨培养基中可长势健壮;最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+2%活性炭+10%香蕉泥。     

非洲菊茎尖离体培养技术研究

以非洲菊品种‘F53’的茎尖作为外植体进行离体培养技术研究,为建立以茎尖为外植体的非洲菊高频、高效、稳定的工厂化育苗技术体系奠定基础。结果表明,适宜于不定芽诱导的培养基为MS+6-BA2mg/L+NAA1mg/L+KT0.5mg/L+蔗糖25g/L;增殖培养基为MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+KT0.5mg/L+蔗糖20g/L;最适生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA0.1mg/L+蔗糖15g/L。     

野生贵州地宝兰无菌播种及根状茎繁育技术研究

[目的]研究以贵州地宝兰种子为外植体进行无菌播种快繁技术体系,筛选出各个阶段较优的培养基,以提高繁育系数。[方法]以贵州地宝兰种子为外植体,通过无菌播种获得大量根状茎,经过根状茎增殖培养、诱导芽分化、生根壮苗培养等不同培养基试验,分别筛选出贵州地宝兰最适合各阶段成长的培养基。[结果]适宜贵州地宝兰种子萌发的培养基为:1.0 g/L Hyponex1+1.0 g/L Hyponex2+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L ZT+100.0 mg/L CM+20.0 g/L蔗糖+1.0 g/L AC。适宜原球茎的增殖培养基为:B5+0.5 mg/L NAA+100.0 g/L马铃薯+30.0 g/L蔗糖。适宜诱导根状茎分化培养基为:B5+0.5 mg/L NAA+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+100.0 g/L香蕉汁+25.0 g/L蔗糖+1.0 g/L AC。适宜生根壮苗培养基为:B5+1.0 mg/L NAA+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+100.0 g/L香蕉汁+25.0 g/L蔗糖+1.5 g/L AC,pH 5.4~5.8。[结论]该研究为珍稀濒危贵州地宝兰野生种群恢复种植试验提供了重要的种苗资源,也为今后该快速繁育技术提供了参考数据。     

辣木组织培养及高频率植株再生

[目的]为辣木组培快繁及规模化育苗提供技术参考.[方法]以优选辣木无菌苗的真叶为材料,采用组织培养技术对其诱导、增殖、生根等问题进行研究.[结果]新鲜种子去壳后用0.1％升汞处理6 min的消毒效果最好,成功率达85％.辣木无菌苗真叶不定芽诱导及增殖最佳培养基分别为:MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+KT0.1 mg/L+2,4-D 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L、MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.03 mg/L NAA,丛生芽明显.辣木组培苗最佳生根培养基为MS+0.5mg/L IBA,生根率可达100％,炼苗移栽后成活率达98％以上.[结论]辣木外植体的离体培养表明,不同的激素组合及其浓度对辣木外植体诱导效果差别大,各种激素经过优化配合,可以获得更高的诱导率,本研究为辣木的无菌快繁奠定应用基础,并为辣木基因工程育种等研究提供技术参考.     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

盐胁迫对葡萄苗期多胺和激素代谢的影响

【目的】 研究盐胁迫条件下,葡萄叶片中多胺含量、多胺氧化酶、多胺合成酶活性以及激素的动态变化,研究不同盐胁迫强度对多胺类物质及激素代谢的影响。【方法】 采用盆栽基质培养模拟盐胁迫环境,设置4个NaCl处理梯度:0 (CK)、1、2和3 g/kg。多胺和激素含量的测定采用高效液相色谱法,多胺合成及分解酶活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计比色法。【结果】 盐胁迫处理后,葡萄叶片中多胺含量和脱落酸含量较对照而言显著增加,玉米素含量显著降低,随胁迫时间的延长,Put、Spm、Spd、ABA以及PAO、DAO、ADC、ODC、SAMDC活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,在10 d及10 d后达到峰值。ZT呈逐渐下降的趋势,并随胁迫强度增大而减小;进行显著性分析后,叶片中多胺含量与Put、Spm、Spd含量呈极显著正相关,DAO、ADC、ODC活性与Put含量呈显著正相关,PAO与SAMDC活性与Spm和Spd含量也呈极显著正相关。【结论】 3种多胺经酶的合成代谢后和激素共同缓解葡萄苗所遭受到的盐胁迫,期间主要发生作用的是多胺合成酶,盐胁迫下多胺与激素含量之间的变化关系也十分密切。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托,采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标,按业务流程设计与实现的,包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题,建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

内脐蠕孢属、平脐蠕孢属和凸脐蠕孢属的研究

本文报道了平脐蠕孢属(Bipolaris)一个新种,一个新组合,5个新记录以及凸脐蠕孢属(Exserohilum)一个新记录。讨论了内脐蠕孢属(Drechslera)、平脐蠕孢属、凸脐蠕孢属与长蠕孢属(Helminthosporium)的关系,并就我国已报道的长蠕孢属真菌按Alcorn等~([1,3,4,5,24])人的意见,逐个进行了订正。