生物制剂降解氯嘧磺隆残留对水稻根系及产量性状的影响

采用小区试验模拟不同水平氯嘧磺隆残留条件下,不同生物制剂用量对水稻根系及产量性状的影响。试验结果表明:较低浓度的氯嘧磺隆即可对水稻产生药害。生物制剂能够显著降解≤0.5mg/kg残留氯嘧磺隆,修复污染土壤,促进水稻根系生长,增加水稻穗粒数、每穴穗数,提高产量。当氯嘧磺隆为6mg/kg时,生物制剂已不能降解其残留药害。对各项指标进行综合判断可知:生物制剂最佳经济施用量为30kg/hm~2。     

一株氯嘧磺隆高效降解菌分离鉴定及降解条件优化

采用富集培养方法从氯嘧磺隆生产单位排污口处污泥中分离得到一株能降解氯嘧磺隆细菌,命名为D310-5。通过对该菌株形态特征观察,生理生化特性和16S r DNA序列分析,将菌株D310-5鉴定为肠杆菌属(Enterobacter sp.)。采用响应面分析方法探究底物浓度、温度、p H和培养时间对菌株D310-5降解氯嘧磺隆影响,优化菌株D310-5对氯嘧磺隆降解条件。结果表明,菌株D310-5最佳降解条件为底物浓度101.57 mg·L-1,温度30.25℃,p H 6.63,培养时间5 d。在最佳条件下,菌株D310-5对氯嘧磺隆降解率为87.57%。     

可降解甲嘧磺隆微生物的筛选及降解作用的初步研究

本研究通过富集培养技术筛选得到了19株可降解甲嘧磺隆的微生物。利用液体培养法就不同微生物菌株对甲嘧磺隆的降解能力进行了测定,结果表明,以JH3、JH2、JH10、SH3菌株的降解效果较好,其中以JH3菌株对甲嘧磺隆的降解能力最强。在此基础上,对JH3菌株的降解作用条件进行了筛选,发现JH3菌株对甲嘧磺隆降解的最适培养基为基础培养基Ⅲ,降解率高达88.66%;研究发现,在基础培养基Ⅲ中,JH3菌株对含有高浓度甲嘧磺隆的单位时间的降解量高于低浓度甲嘧磺隆。     

氯嘧磺隆高效降解菌的分离、鉴定及其降解特性

从氯嘧磺隆驯化的土壤中分离大豆田除草剂氯嘧磺隆的高效降解细菌1株.通过生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列分析,将该菌株鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),命名为B1菌株.通过对该菌株的特性进行研究,结果表明:菌株B1的最适生长温度为35～37℃,pH值6～7,最适培养基装液量为50mL.在37℃,无机盐培养基中120r/min振摇96h,对10mg/L氯嘧磺隆的降解率达80%.     

一株吡嘧磺隆降解菌DF12的筛选、鉴定和降解特性研究

从湖南瑞泽农药厂污水池中筛选到1株吡嘧磺隆降解菌DF12,经形态学、生理生化及16S rDNA鉴定为恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida),该菌在100 mL三角瓶中摇瓶体积70 mL、接种量2.0%(OD600=0.80)、pH7.0条件下对吡嘧磺隆降解率可达74.78%。     

氯嘧磺隆高效降解菌2N3的生长特性研究

本文对氯嘧磺隆高效降解菌2N3的生长特性进行了研究。结果表明:供试碳氮源中,葡萄糖为碳源时,5×10-3g/L氯嘧磺隆96 h时降解完全;蛋白胨为氮源时,氯嘧磺隆96h时的降解率仅为5%,因此葡萄糖为最优碳源;同时在2N3最优生长环境正交试验中,当葡萄糖添加浓度5%,接菌量1%,氯化钠0.2%,通气量100 mL条件下,培养18 h时2N3生长量最大。     

氯嘧磺隆残留及其生物降解对水稻生长的影响

采用小区试验研究在不同水平氯嘧磺隆残留条件下,不同生物制剂(PGPR)用量对水稻根系及产量性状的影响.试验结果表明,较低浓度的氯嘧磺隆即可对水稻产生药害;生物制剂能够显著降解≤0.5 mg·kg-1残留氯嘧磺隆,修复污染土壤,促进水稻根系生长,增加水稻穗粒数、每穴穗数,提高产量;当氯嘧磺隆为6 mg·kg-1时,生物制剂已不能降解其残留药害;对各项指标进行综合判断,可知生物制剂最佳施用量为30 kg·hm-2.     

施除草剂后下茬忌种哪些作物

除草剂的使用,技术性非常强,在选择除草剂时如不慎重,往往给下季作物带来药害,严重的造成颗粒无收。为此,特介绍一些对后茬作物有药害的除草剂,以便在使用除草剂当中注意。1.前茬用过普施特(味草烟、咪唑乙烟酸)、氯嘧磺隆(豆草隆、豆磺隆)、甲磺隆(每亩有效成份超过0.5克)、绿     

如何预防和解救甜菜除草剂残留药害

1影响种植甜菜的除草剂及间隔期能造成甜菜药害的长残留除草剂有咪唑乙烟酸、莠去津、烟嘧磺隆、唑嘧磺草胺、氯嘧磺隆、嗪草酮、甲氧咪草烟、氟磺胺草醚、甲磺隆、绿磺隆、二氯喹啉酸、西玛津、氯吡嘧磺隆、氯酯磺草胺、灭草喹、     

明党参内生菌对苯磺隆的生物降解作用

寻找能够高效降解磺酰脲类除草剂苯磺隆的新型菌株,为生物降解苯磺隆提供微生物资源。对明党参内生菌进行分离、培养与纯化,从筛选得到的多株内生菌株出发,采用富集培养法筛选苯磺隆降解菌。采用紫外分光光度计法和高效液相色谱法测定苯磺隆的含量,计算苯磺隆的降解率。结果表明,从29株明党参内生细菌中筛选出8株能降解磺酰脲类除草剂苯磺隆的菌株,通过复筛得到高效降解苯磺隆菌株PMG3,其降解率为89.07%,并经鉴定为芽孢杆菌属。PMG3比以往筛选出的苯磺隆降解菌降解效率都要高,为利用中草药内生菌对受农药苯磺隆污染的土壤进行原位修复提供理论依据和现实意义。     

Preliminary Studies on Chlorimuron Degradation in Soil by Effective Microogranisms

A wheat (Triticum aestivum L) bioassay method was used for preliminary determination of chlorimuron degradation in soil by EM (effective microorganisms). Under the conditions of this study, chlorimuron half-life was greater than 30-50 days in soil containing different initial concentrations of chlorimuron. After adding EM, chlorimuron degradation half-life ranged from 10-15 days, which was about 15-30 days shorter than without EM. Chlorimuron degradation was not significantly affected by EM populations applied at 50-200 mL·kg-1. Both monopotassium phosphate and urea enhanced the ability of EM to degrade chlorimuron, but brown sugar had no significant effect.     

Site-Specific Weed Control in Maize,Sugar Beet,Winter Wheat,and Winter Barley

A four-year study of site-specific weed control is presented in this paper. Weed seedling distribution was sampled and mapped prior to and after post-emergence herbicide application in four fields planted with maize, sugar beets, winter wheat and winter barley, rotating on one site. Herbicides and other weed control strategies were applied site-specifically according to the spatial variation of weed populations. Different decision algorithms were used for chemical weed control methods in each crop. A weed treatment map was created to direct location and dosage of herbicide application. The sprayer was coupled with a differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). The solenoid valves of the sprayer were opened automatically when the tractor entered a weed patch characterized in the weed treatment map. For site specific herbicide application, a patch sprayer was developed that allowed variable rate application and the selective control of each section of the spray boom.     

50%乙·二·扑乳油播后苗前土壤封闭防除大豆田杂草田间药效试验

50%乙·二·扑乳油播后苗前土壤封闭对大豆田杂草有较好的防治效果,对单、双子叶杂草均有较高防效,45d株总防效为76.58%～89.63%,鲜重总防效为76.89%～90.22%,随使用剂量增加,药效逐渐提高,以420g/667m2(处理4)防效最高,而且对大豆出苗及生长发育无不良影响,增产幅度为11.05%～22.68%。     

10%乙羧氟草醚乳油防除夏花生田杂草的研究

试验结果表明 :10 %乙羧氟草醚乳油 75 0～ 90 0ml/hm2 药后 2 0天对杂草的防效为 83 .82 %～ 95 .5 9% ;药后 40天对杂草的防效为 89.92 %～ 94.96% ,鲜重防效为 90 .94%～ 99.10 % ;花生增产 12 .11%～ 15 .70 % ,比对照药剂 2 5 %灭草松乳油 15 0 0ml/hm2 增产作用 ( 7.40 % )明显。     

草甘膦铵盐可溶性粒剂防除柑桔园杂草药效试验

针对南方果园杂草进行了75.7%草甘膦铵盐SG一年大田药效实验。75.7%草甘膦铵盐SG(Glyphosate)是由浙江龙游绿得农药化工有限公司研发和生产。试验于2005年7月在华南农业大学柑橘园进行,采用每公顷有效用量分别为1135.5、1704.0、2271.0、3406.5g(ai)的4个处理,对照药剂75.7%飞达草甘膦SG(市售)处理为1704.0g(ai)/hm2,另设空白对照,共六个处理,每个处理4个重复。小区面积30m2,试验采用随机区组。试验结果表明:各个处理杂草防效均达到97%以上,并且在试验所选用的4个剂量中,以处理药剂为3406.5g(ai)/hm2时除草效果最好;药后15d即达到杀草高峰;灭草谱广,75.7%草甘膦铵盐SG能够迅速有效地灭除禾本科、菊科、苋科中绝大部分杂草,仅发现对鸭跖草和火炭母效果不理想;试验期间柑桔生长正常。     

广西桑树苗圃适用除草剂品种的筛选试验

针对广西当地主栽桑树品种“桂桑优12号”,选用5种苗前除草剂、6种苗后除草剂,分别在桑树播后苗前土壤喷雾施药和桑苗2叶1心期茎叶喷雾施药,研究这些除草剂对杂草的防效及对桑苗的安全性.结果表明:在试验剂量范围内,二甲戊乐灵、高效氟吡甲禾灵、灭草松、混剂A、混剂B对桑苗安全;唑嘧磺草胺对桑苗生长有轻微药害,造成桑苗叶色黄化、叶片枯斑、生长略受抑制;2甲4氯钠造成桑苗叶色淡化,萎蔫以至植株倒伏,生长受到一定抑制,但能较快恢复.乙草胺、丁草胺、异丙甲草胺、苯噻酰草胺均影响桑苗的出苗,造成子叶畸型,以丁草胺的症状最轻;二甲戊乐灵、混剂A、混剂B的杀草谱广,防效显著.     

Weed Detection Using Canopy Reflection

For site-specific application of herbicides, automatic detection and evaluation of weeds is desirable. Since reflectance of crop, weeds and soil differs in the visual and near infrared wavelengths, there is potential for using reflection measurements at different wavelengths to distinguish between them. Reflectance spectra of crop and weed canopies were used to evaluate the possibilities of weed detection with reflection measurements in laboratory circumstances. Sugarbeet and maize and 7 weed species were included in the measurements. Classification into crop and weeds was possible in laboratory tests, using a limited number of wavelength band ratios. Crop and weed spectra could be separated with more than 97% correct classification. Field measurements of crop and weed reflection were conducted for testing spectral weed detection. Canopy reflection was measured with a line spectrograph in the wavelength range from 480 to 820 nm (visual to near infrared) with ambient light. The discriminant model uses a limited number of narrow wavelength bands. Over 90% of crop and weed spectra can be identified correctly, when the discriminant model is specific to the prevailing light conditions.     

骠马防除麦田杂草的施用技术

在同等条件下,麦田施用骠马防除杂草,效果优于绿麦隆。试验结果表明,骠马在低用量的药效表现温和,高用量时杀草迅速彻底。使用69克/升骠马水状乳油时,最佳用量为每亩40—50毫升,一般较不施药增产20%—30%,较施用绿麦隆增产10%左右。施用骠马,对小麦前期分蘖有抑制作用,对后期分蘖成穗有促进作用。不同类型小麦品种对骠马的反应不敏感。     

Modelling Wild-Oat Density in Terms of Soil Factors: A Machine Learning Approach

In crop fields, weed density varies spatially in non-random patterns. Initial knowledge of weed distribution would greatly improve weed management for Precision Agriculture operations. Site properties could be correlated to weed distribution, since the former vary among crop fields and also certain factors such as soil texture or nitrogen may condition the weed growth. This paper presents a method, based on artificial intelligence techniques, for inducing a model that appropriately predicts the heterogeneous distribution of wild-oat (Avena sterilis L.) in terms of some environmental variables. From several experiments, distinct rule sets have been found by applying a genetic algorithm to carry out the automatic learning process. The best rule set extracted was able to explain about 88% of weed variability.     

添加不同喷雾助剂对早熟棉区除草剂减量增效的影响

【目的】研究除草剂中添加喷雾助剂对其减量增效影响,为减少田间除草剂用量提供理论支撑。【方法】采用田间小区试验,土壤处理除草剂50%丙炔氟草胺WP和33%二甲戊灵EC的用量分别减少20%、30%后,分别添加激健、安融乐、迈丝、增效王等4种喷雾助剂,与常规用量除草剂比较效果和安全性。【结果】除草剂用量减少20%和30%后分别添加4种喷雾助剂对棉花安全。施药后第30 d,除草剂减量20%、30%后分别添加4种喷雾助剂的处理对杂草的防效显著低于常规剂量处理。施药后第45 d,除草剂减量20%、30%后添加4种喷雾助剂对杂草的防效与常规剂量处理无显著差异。施药后第60 d,除草剂减量20%后分别添加激健、安融乐、增效王等处理对杂草的防效与常规剂量处理无显著差异,除草剂减量30%后添加4种喷雾助剂对杂草的防除效果比常规剂量差,常规剂量处理对杂草的防效为90.08%。除草剂减量20%后添加4种喷雾助剂对杂草的鲜质量防效在98.2%以上,高于常规用量。【结论】除草剂50%丙炔氟草胺WP和33%二甲戊灵EC用量减量20%后添加激健、安融乐、增效王等3种喷雾助剂对棉田杂草防除效果与常规用量相当,且对棉花生长发育安全。