小麦多环境试验中适应性和稳定性参数估计法的比较

1984～1986年进行2年7点的小麦多点品种比较试验。1986～1988年进行2年1点的多栽培处理环境的品种比较试验,采用4种方法,估计产量稳定性参数和品种适应性参数,根据统计结果,对4种参数估计法作了讨论。认为对环境资料,如何进行更好地统计分析还须作更多的探讨,标准差比数(a_1)作为产量稳定性参数,更为简便、直观。     

部分高粱杂交种及其亲本的产量稳定性分析

研究农作物品种产量的稳定性,一直是人们十分关注的课题。经过多年多点试验后,按Eberhart-Russell(1966)模式计算和分析供试新品种(杂交种)的产量稳定性参数b和S~2d,将能全面评价品种的适应范围和稳定性。回归系数b用于说明品种对环境的反应能力,回归离差S~2d用于说明品种的稳定性。本文目的在于用这种方法估测国内外一些有希望的高粱杂交种及其亲本单株产量的稳定性参数,评价它们的适应性和稳定性,并探讨该法应用中的问题。     

潞玉13玉米杂交种丰产性、稳产性及适应性分析

根据2002～2003年山西省春播玉米中晚熟组(二)区域试验汇总资料,采用主效应值、变异系数、标准差比数、回归系数及高稳系数等多种方法对潞玉13玉米杂交种进行了分析。结果表明:该品种是一个产量潜力大、丰产性好、稳定性强、适应性广,适合在山西春播玉米中晚熟区以及国内相应生态区域大面积生产应用的优良玉米杂交种。     

潞玉13号玉米杂交种丰产性、稳产性及适应性分析

根据2002-2003年山西省春播玉米中晚熟组(二)区域试验汇总资料,采用主效应值、变异系数、标准差比数、回归系数及高稳系数等多种方法对潞玉13号玉米杂交种进行了分析.结果表明:该品种是一个产量潜力大、丰产性好、稳定性强、适应性广,适合在山西春播玉米中晚熟区以及国内相应生态区域大面积生产应用的优良玉米杂交种.     

辽宁省高粱主要产区品种生态型的研究——I.高粱品种产量稳定性的初步分析

本研究的目的是研究品种遗传型与环境之间的相互关系,探讨品种产量稳定性的鉴定方法,分析和比较产量稳定性在不同环境条件下的适应性。为合理利用品种,进行品种选育和品种区划等提供依据。利用Eberhart和Russell(1966)提出的两个参数——回归系数(b_i)和线性回归离差(S~2d_i)来测定遗传型的稳定性。     

南方三省黄麻品种丰产性稳定性测定及其分析方法的探讨

用Duncan、Finlay-Wikinson、Eberhart-Russell的方法和模式分析长江流域地区1980～1983年黄麻区域试验中9个品种的丰产性和稳定性。结果表明,参试品种间产量和稳定性参数都有相当大的差异和不同的适应性。为提高区域试验分析的准确性,应把Bartlett方差同质性检验列为联合方差分析的一个基本检验步骤。其联合方差分析的数学模型以选用混合模型即品种效应为固定模型,地点、年份效应为随机模型较为确切。用两种不同模式和方法估算品种稳定性,Eberhart较之Finlay的方法为佳,其定义和标准更符合生产实际。产量与稳定性参数回归系数b之间并无明显相关性。     

稳定性参数和高稳系数在糯玉米品种高产稳定性评价中的应用

以变异系数(CV)、回归系数(b)、稳定性参数(ai)、高稳系数(HSC)为评价指标,对2013年广西省糯玉米区域试验(春季数据)的16个糯玉米品种进行高产稳产性分析。结果表明,参试品种的高稳系数(HSC)位次与增产位次大体相同,且与产量呈极显著正相关,同时与标准差(S)呈轻度负相关;其中,以庆甜糯2号、佳糯26、京科糯929的高产稳产性能较好。同时,结果还表明高稳系数法兼顾了稳定性参数的稳定性及平均产量的高产性,能较真实的反应品种的高产稳产性。     

基于高稳系数法的棉花品种(组合)产量分析

采用传统分析法和高稳系数法对2011年湖北省棉花区域试验10个参试品种(组合)的丰产性和稳产性进行了分析,研究了参试品种(组合)的平均产量(x-)、标准差(S)、变异系数(CV)、回归系数(b)和高稳系数(HSC).结果表明,HSC与x呈显著正相关,HSC与S呈负相关但不显著、HSC与CV呈显著负相关,b与x-相关性不强,b与S、CV呈极显著正相关.参试品种(组合)的标准差、变异系数、回归系数与产量稳定性有关,与产量高低无关,而产量平均值只能反映产量高低而与产量稳定性无关,高稳系数能综合表示参试品种(组合)的高产稳产性.     

杂交油菜油研817的丰产稳产性及其生态适应性

为了探明杂交油菜新品种油研817的丰产稳产性及其生态适应性,为其大面积推广应用提供科学依据,采用多年多点产量联合方差分析、高稳系数法和环境指数法3种方法分析油研817的丰产稳产性及适应性.结果表明:油研817新品种在长江上游生态区的产量和HSC值高于对照品种和其他同步试验品种;两年的回归系数(b)与对照相当(1年b＞1、1年b＜1),适应度高于对照.结论:油研817的丰产稳定性好,适应性广;在有利环境条件下具有较高增产潜力,在条件较差的环境中稳产性好,适宜在长江上游生态区大面积推广种植.     

GS郑农16小麦丰产性、稳产性、适应性及品质稳定性分析

以2001~2004年河南省区试和黄淮南片冬麦区区域试验的结果为依据,通过产量、变异系数、回归系数对该品种和对照品种的丰产性、稳产性、适应性进行分析比较,并以黄淮区试取样分析结果为依据,对郑农16的品质稳定性进行分析。结果表明,郑农16属于丰产、稳产性较强的优质强筋品种,有较强的适应性、抗逆性和品质稳定性。其平均产量与豫麦18相当,变异系数比豫麦18稍大,产量与环境的回归系数大于1,适宜于黄淮南片各优质麦适应区中高水肥地种植。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

盐胁迫对葡萄苗期多胺和激素代谢的影响

【目的】 研究盐胁迫条件下,葡萄叶片中多胺含量、多胺氧化酶、多胺合成酶活性以及激素的动态变化,研究不同盐胁迫强度对多胺类物质及激素代谢的影响。【方法】 采用盆栽基质培养模拟盐胁迫环境,设置4个NaCl处理梯度:0 (CK)、1、2和3 g/kg。多胺和激素含量的测定采用高效液相色谱法,多胺合成及分解酶活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计比色法。【结果】 盐胁迫处理后,葡萄叶片中多胺含量和脱落酸含量较对照而言显著增加,玉米素含量显著降低,随胁迫时间的延长,Put、Spm、Spd、ABA以及PAO、DAO、ADC、ODC、SAMDC活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,在10 d及10 d后达到峰值。ZT呈逐渐下降的趋势,并随胁迫强度增大而减小;进行显著性分析后,叶片中多胺含量与Put、Spm、Spd含量呈极显著正相关,DAO、ADC、ODC活性与Put含量呈显著正相关,PAO与SAMDC活性与Spm和Spd含量也呈极显著正相关。【结论】 3种多胺经酶的合成代谢后和激素共同缓解葡萄苗所遭受到的盐胁迫,期间主要发生作用的是多胺合成酶,盐胁迫下多胺与激素含量之间的变化关系也十分密切。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托,采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标,按业务流程设计与实现的,包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题,建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

内脐蠕孢属、平脐蠕孢属和凸脐蠕孢属的研究

本文报道了平脐蠕孢属(Bipolaris)一个新种,一个新组合,5个新记录以及凸脐蠕孢属(Exserohilum)一个新记录。讨论了内脐蠕孢属(Drechslera)、平脐蠕孢属、凸脐蠕孢属与长蠕孢属(Helminthosporium)的关系,并就我国已报道的长蠕孢属真菌按Alcorn等~([1,3,4,5,24])人的意见,逐个进行了订正。