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1.
微波真空干燥过程中木材内的水分迁移机理   总被引:9,自引:3,他引:9  
该文以马尾松木材为研究对象,对微波真空干燥过程中木材内部的含水率分布进行了研究,首次阐述了微波真空干燥过程中木材内部的水分迁移机理.研究结果表明:在微波真空干燥过程中,木材内部的含水率分布比较均匀,在厚度方向没有明显的整体性含水率梯度,特别是在干燥的后期,木材内部的含水率分布更加均匀;当含水率在纤维饱和点(FSP)以上时,木材中的自由水和水蒸气在压力梯度的作用下以渗透流的形式在木材内部迁移;当含水率在FSP以下时,木材中的水分在压力梯度的作用下以水蒸气的形式向木材表面迁移;因热扩散、含水率梯度引起的水分迁移可以忽略不计.   相似文献   

2.
核磁共振技术在分析木材微波干燥过程中水分移动的应用   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
在马尾松木材微波干燥水分迁移试验中,利用核磁共振技术测量微波干燥过程中T2弛豫时间和MRI成像图,以及各干燥阶段温度和压力分布,分析了水分含量变化和迁移动力。结果表明,木材含水率在纤维饱和点以上时,水分移动的主要驱动力应该是温度引起的水蒸汽压力梯度,它使木材中水分以蒸汽的形式排出,相对来讲含水率梯度则影响较小,干燥过程呈现等速干燥。在纤维饱和点以下时,微波干燥过程水分移动的主要驱动力为水蒸汽压力梯度,木材内含水率浓度梯度对水分移动也具有一定的影响。  相似文献   

3.
马尾松木材浮压干燥过程中的传质传热特性   总被引:2,自引:5,他引:2  
该文阐述了在真空状态且浮压条件下马尾松的干燥过程特性,揭示了加热温度、木材含水率、真空度及真空度变化频率对木材表面水分蒸发强度的影响.实验证实,提高温度、真空度和加快真空度变化频率都有利于加快木材内水分的迁移.真空频率加快时,木材内的温度场变化也加快,干燥时间明显缩短.此外,当外界压力不变时,木材表面水分蒸发强度随含水率的提高而增强,纤维饱和点以下更有明显的区别.  相似文献   

4.
本文以榆木(Elm)为试材,利用低场核磁共振技术,通过分析试件在各含水率阶段的分层含水率和横向弛豫时间T2,研究经微波干燥木材中水分的状态和迁移规律.研究表明:初含水率为50%的试件存在3种状态水,分别是结合水和存在于不同位置的两种自由水.含水率干燥到纤维饱和点以上时,主要进行自由水移动和向结合水的转化过程,自由水的T2值减小,结合水的T2值增大,厚度方向存在内高外低的含水率梯度场;当含水率干燥到20%以下时,不存在自由水,结合水的T2值随着含水率的降低而减小,木材内水分分布相对均匀,随着微波功率的增加,出现内层含水率低于表层的情况.  相似文献   

5.
用非稳态法在一定的实验条件下测定了人工林杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata板材的水分扩散系数,并且探讨了干燥介质温度、初含水率和纹理方向等对杉木板材水分扩散系数的影响。结果表明,干燥介质温度越高,扩散系数越大;初含水率越高,扩散系数越大,在纤维饱和点附近迭最大。当木材含水率在纤维饱和点以下时,杉木板材水分扩散系数都随着初含水率的增加而增大;当木材含水率在纤维饱和点以上时,扩散系数基本保持恒定;杉木板材的纵向水分扩散系数远大于横南水分扩散系数,其比值为5~7;杉木板材的径向水分扩散系数略大于弦向水分扩散系数,其比值为1.0~1.5。表3参11  相似文献   

6.
木材真空-浮压干燥过程中吸着水迁移特性分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
该文以马尾松为试验材料 ,通过对水分扩散系数和浮压系数的试验研究 ,总结出木材在真空 浮压干燥过程中吸着水迁移的基本规律 .试验分析表明 ,真空 浮压干燥过程中 ,含水率梯度不是水分移动的主要驱动力 .在纤维饱和点以下时 ,木材内部吸着水的迁移可分为 :水蒸汽压力梯度下的扩散迁移和由于干燥介质压力的波动而引起的浮动压力下的迁移两个部分 .由数据分析可见 ,当介质温度一定时 ,木材水分扩散系数随绝对压力的减小和压力变化速率的加大而增加 ,且压力变化速率对扩散系数的影响大于绝对压力的影响  相似文献   

7.
研究了竹材热压干燥过程中的水分迁移特性.结果表明:在整个干燥过程中,前期含水率降低较快,后期含水率降低较慢.竹材平均干燥速度与次表层竹材的干燥速度相近;在含水率较高的干燥初期,水分迁移的阻力在竹材表面,水分迁移主要靠毛细管张力作用;在含水率较低的干燥后期.水分迁移的阻力在竹材内部.水分迁移主要以扩散方式进行,干燥速度取决于木材内部水分移动的速度.竹材热压干燥过程中的水分移动.主要受温度梯度和含水率梯度的共同作用.  相似文献   

8.
张佳薇  姜滨  张娜  崔莉 《安徽农业科学》2013,(32):12624-12626
[目的]研究木材纤维饱和点近区段含水率预测模型。[方法]电阻法测量木材纤维饱和点近区段含水率会出现测量值突然偏离真值的现象,即出现测量“盲点”。在研究检测原理的基础上,提出利用支持向量机方法对已测木材含水率、温度和湿度数据进行训练建模,通过模型预测得出纤维饱和点近区段含水率数值。[结果]支持向量机方法建立的模型能够预测木材纤维饱和点近区段含水率数值,模型泛化能力强,预测精度高,而且只需要少量样本数据就可以实现预测,很好地解决了电阻法在测量过程中的“盲点”问题。[结论]支持向量机预测模型提高了木材干燥过程中全量程含水率的检测精度,对木材干燥过程的含水率建模具有一定研究意义。  相似文献   

9.
对断面120 mm×120 mm的落叶松含髓心方材进行高频-对流联合加热干燥,通过控制双热源匹配获得木材横断面上的不同温度梯度,检测不同温度梯度干燥过程中木材的干燥速率、开裂、含水率分布、应变等变化,进而解析温度梯度对干燥速率、应力及质量等的影响。研究结果表明:(1)通过调节高频-对流双热源匹配(高频加热和停歇的时间),可控制木材干燥过程中的温度梯度及其变化范围。(2)试材正向(内高外低)温度梯度适当增大,其干燥速度加快,终含水率分布均匀。(3)正向温度梯度对减小木材芯表层含水率差的作用,体现在干燥过程的中后期,且作用效果随温度梯度增大而增强。(4)干燥前期,表层产生较大拉应变,中间及芯层则产生压应变,且拉、压应变皆随温度梯度增大而增大。干燥中期,中间层由前期的压应变转为拉应变,其随温度梯度的增大而减小;干燥中后期,表层及中间层产生压应变,芯层产生拉应变,其均随温度梯度的增大而增大;干燥后期,温度梯度对试材各层应变的影响不大。  相似文献   

10.
为研究微波真空等高强度干燥过程中,温度梯度对木材中水分迁移的影响程度,该文通过试验测定了封闭马尾松木材试件在短期温度梯度作用下,木材内部温度场和含水率场的分布,含水率梯度与温度梯度比值的大小(dM/dT)及其影响因素. 试验结果表明:在短期温度梯度的作用下,木材内部的水分会从热端向冷端迁移,使冷端的木材含水率高于热端,形成方向相反的温度梯度场和含水率梯度场,且dM/dT在0.9%/℃以下;木材内温度、初始含水率和作用时间是影响dM/dT的重要因素;随着木材温度和初始含水率的增加,木材中的dM/dT越大;随着作用时间的延长,木材中的dM/dT增加.   相似文献   

11.
Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
本文介绍了Web2.0的知识和背景,对Web2.0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述,同时对其作出了前景展望。  相似文献   

12.
The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ (PCV-2). Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups: control group (n = 3), piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone (PCV-2, n = 3), and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group (PCV-2 + KLH, n = 3). Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 + KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 + KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 + KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group (P〈0.05 and P〈0.01). The proliferation index (PI) was 0.17_+0.01, 0.12_+0.01 and 0.12_+0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 + KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o  相似文献   

13.
迟贵富  张昱  李亮  钟子琳 《安徽农业科学》2009,37(12):5585-5587
以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托,采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标,按业务流程设计与实现的,包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题,建立了区域性通用模式。  相似文献   

14.
Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model (MGM(1,n)), as the expansion and complement of GM(1,1) model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM(1,n) model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model (MGM(1 ,n,q)) was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model (MGM(1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM(1,n) model, and the MGM(1,n) model was better than MGM(1,1) model.  相似文献   

15.
Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.  相似文献   

16.
不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理(N0P0K0)的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小(P<0.05)。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。  相似文献   

17.
选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。  相似文献   

18.
Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.  相似文献   

19.
以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)粗酶液。然后用Sephadex(葡聚糖凝胶)G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素(包括pH值、温度、抑制剂)进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。  相似文献   

20.
郁达  王立新  郁建锋  杨珍  杜兰芳 《安徽农业科学》2010,38(32):18300-18302
以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。  相似文献   

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