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为帮助我国小麦研究人员全面了解秆锈菌新小种-Ug99 及其对我国小麦生产的潜在威胁,呼吁加强 Ug99 及其变异小种传播与扩散的监控,加强抗病种质创新和持久性耐病新品种选育,提前预防 Ug99 的危害。对 Ug99 小种变异、致病力、分布扩散以及小麦及其亲缘种属抗病基因发掘、连锁分子标记筛选,抗性育种策略与进展,中国 Ug99 研究现状进行了总结,由此不难看出,Ug99 是容易发生小种变异、毒力极强、扩展速度较快的秆锈菌新小种,极有可能对世界小麦生产带来的全球性危害。应该加强小麦及其亲缘种属新抗病基因的发掘与利用和持久性耐病新品种的培育,控制和预防 Ug99 及其变异小种的危害。 相似文献
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抗病基因Sr22不仅抗国内流行的主要小麦秆锈病生理小种,而且对新型秆锈菌生理小种Ug99(TTK-SK)及其变异种TTKST和TTTKS具有很好的抗性。利用与抗病基因Sr22紧密连锁的SSR引物Xc-fa2019,对从国内外搜集的抗Ug99的小麦种质以及黑龙江省主栽小麦品种进行SSR分子检测。结果表明:从国内外引进的58份抗Ug99小麦种质中未检测到抗病基因Sr22;黑龙江省18份主栽春小麦品种中有3份材料中含有抗病基因Sr22,占检测材料的4%。表明抗病基因Sr22在黑龙江省主栽小麦品种中占有一定的比例,今后要继续加强Sr22在小麦抗病育种中的应用。 相似文献
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小麦锈病曾是历史上对小麦危害最严重的病害.现在,病原体发生了很大变化的秆锈病和条锈病又给小麦生产造成了极大威胁.秆锈病新的有毒形式被标识为Ug99,能够快速传播和变异.全球大部分商业小麦品种都容易受Ug99感染;不仅如此,新的、侵略性更大的条锈病也正在大面积肆虐,关键的抗体墓因遭到破坏和种植品种的遗传均一性加速了条锈病的流行.虽然全球正在抵御杆锈病威胁并已经获得了成功,但是遏制条锈病还迫切需要努力.应对小麦锈病带来的挑战将需要继续和持续的投资. 相似文献
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为了分析抗秆锈病小种Ug99的基因在青海审定小麦和新合成的人工小麦中的分布状况,采用6个抗Ug99基因(Sr33、Sr36、Sr39、Sr40、Sr42、Sr43)的分子标记对青海省审定的66个小麦品种及86份人工合成小麦材料进行检测。结果表明:在青海审定的66个小麦品种中,有4个品种含Sr33,占检测品种数的6.06%;1个品种含Sr39,占检测品种数的1.52%;5个品种含Sr40,占检测品种数的7.58%;4个品种含Sr42,占检测品种数的6.06%;3个品种含Sr43,占检测品种数的4.55%;同时含有2个抗性基因的品种仅有2个,占检测品种数的3.03%。在86份合成小麦材料中,有38份材料含Sr33,占检测材料的44.19%;31份材料含Sr39,占检测材料的36.05%;9份材料含Sr40,占检测材料的10.47%;3份材料含Sr42,占检测材料的3.49%;6份材料含Sr43,占检测材料的6.98%;同时含有2种抗性基因的材料有17份,占检测材料的19.77%。在66个小麦品种和86份人工合成小麦材料均未检测出Sr36。人工合成小麦提供Ug99抗病基因资源,对改良普通小麦Ug99抗病性具有潜在价值。 相似文献
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139份小麦品种(系)抗秆锈性测定及其Ug99 抗病基因分子检测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
【目的】云南省在中国小麦秆锈病的大区传播与病害流行中起着关键作用,一旦Ug99及其变异体入侵中国,极大可能会首先在本地区定植、增殖、向其他麦区传播,引起全国小麦秆锈病新的流行。因此,论文旨在分析云南省主要生产后备品种及CIMMYT抗Ug99的材料对中国小麦秆锈菌小种的抗性及含有Ug99抗病基因情况,为抗病品种布局提供指导。【方法】于2013年10月至2014年3月在沈阳农业大学植物植保学院玻璃温室中,将119份云南省小麦品种(系)、20份经国外穿梭鉴定抗Ug99的材料及感病对照小密穗分别在直径为10 cm泥盆中播种,小麦一叶一心时,用中国小麦秆锈菌流行小种21C3HTTTM、34MRGQM和1个经有性过程的新小种34C3RTGQM进行喷粉接种、保湿箱保湿并在15-26℃(夜/昼)的温室环境里孵育。约两周后,当感病品种小密穗充分发病时,按照0-4级标准调查记载侵染型:(0-2+级记为抗病、3--4记为感病),对供试小麦品种(系)的抗秆锈性进行评价。同时,分别剪取各个未接种的供试材料幼叶组织进行基因组DNA提取、利用文献报道的4个抗Ug99基因的分子标记(Sr22、Sr25、Sr26和Sr28)进行PCR扩增、2.0%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳及聚丙烯酰胺电泳对目标抗病基因进行分子检测。【结果】在119份云南省小麦材料中,有42份材料对参试小麦秆锈菌小种表现出差异性抗性(占35.3%),其中表现免疫-近免疫的有6份(5%),表现高抗-中抗的有36份(30.3%)。剩余77份材料均表现感病,其中高度感病的有42份(占35.2%),中度感病的有35份(占29.4%),而20份抗Ug99的种质中对全部参试小种表现中度和高度感病的材料也各有2份(均占10%)。对全部139份小麦材料用4个抗病基因进行分子标记检测表明,有2份CIMMYT的材料被检出含Sr25、1份材料含有Sr26、1份材料含有Sr28。有12份云南省小麦品种(系)被检出含有Sr28,但没有检测出含有另3个抗性基因的材料。【结论】云南省小麦品种(系)对中国小麦秆锈菌小种的抗秆锈性水平不高,而部分抗Ug99的CIMMYT材料对中国小麦秆锈菌也表现了不同程度感病。云南省小麦品种(系)中检测出12份材料含有Sr28被认为是国内鲜见报道的Ug99抗性材料。 相似文献
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《农业科学学报》2014,13(2):229-232
<正>Cereal crops,including wheat,barley,oats,rye,etc.,are the major sources of calories and proteins for most of the people in the world as well as in China.Cereal rusts and powdery mildews are very important diseases occurred on the cereal crops,which caused yield losses at 5-10%in general and even more than30%while severe epidemics occurred.In recent years,with the global climate change,change of cultivation system and evolution of the pathogens,the world is facing great challenges caused by cereal diseases.For example,Ug99,a new threatening 相似文献
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Detection in 1999 of a new stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) race Ug99 in Uganda with broad virulence including the virulence for Sr31 and its migration to Kenya and Ethiopia has been recognized as a significant threat to local and world wheat production. All the Current Kenyan commercial varieties are susceptible to this race. This study was aimed at identifying suitable wheat varieties with resistance to Ug99 and replacing the susceptible commercial varieties through multi-locational testing and variety release. Thirty three lines were identified from a prescreen population of 104 lines and tested in 3 wheat growing regions in Kenya for two seasons in 2006 and 2007. The resulting four superior lines were evaluated under the National Performance Trial (NPT) where two lines which out-performed the best check variety were released as for commercial production. 'Robin' was the best line and out yielded the commercial variety by 27%. "Eaglel0" was the second best and was better significantly than the check variety. These two lines which combined both adult plant resistant gene Sr2 complex and other major genes are expected to have some durable resistance and may be used to replace the current susceptible commercial varieties grown in Kenya. 相似文献
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Progress Towards Genetics and Breeding for Minor Genes Based Resistance to Ug99 and Other Rusts in CIMMYT High-Yielding Spring Wheat 下载免费PDF全文
Ravi Prakash Singh Sybil Herrera-Foessel Julio Huerta-Espino Sukhwinder Singh Sridhar Bhavani Caixia Lan Bhoja Raj Basnet 《农业科学学报》2014,13(2):255-261
Wheat rusts continue to cause significant losses worldwide despite major efforts given to their genetic control. This is due to frequent evolution and selection of virulence in pathogen overcoming the deployed race-specific resistance genes. Although the life of effective race-specific resistance genes can be prolonged by using gene combinations, an alternative approach being implemented at CIMMYT is to deploy varieties that posses adult plant resistance (APR) based on combinations of minor, slow rusting genes. When present alone, the APR genes do not confer adequate resistance especially under high disease pressure; however, combinations of 4 or 5 minor genes usually result in "near-immunity" or a high level of resistance. Although only a few APR genes are catalogued, various APR QTLs are now known and could lead to further characterization of additional genes. Four characterized genes have pleiotropic effects in conferring partial APR to all 3 rusts and powdery mildew, thus simplifying the task of breeding wheat varieties that are resistant to multiple diseases. Significant progress was made recently in developing high-yielding wheat germplasm that possesses high levels of APR to all three rusts by implementing a Mexico- Kenya shuttle breeding scheme. Parents with APR to Ug99 were hybridized with high-yielding parents that had adequate to high levels of APR to leaf rust and yellow rust. Segregating populations and advanced lines from these crosses were selected under high rust pressures in Mexico (leaf rust and yellow rust) and Kenya (Ug99 stem rust and yellow rust) to identify high- yielding progenies that possess high to adequate APR to all three rusts. International distribution of these high-yielding wheats is underway through CIMMYT intemational yield trials and screening nurseries. It is expected that several wheat varieties with APR to three rusts will be released and grown in various countries in the near-future that will allow determining the durability of resistance. 相似文献
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<正>我国的教育,从小学,中学到大学都在讲授"政治经济学"的基本概念和理论。什么"经济基础""上层建筑","生产力""生产关系""作用力与反作用力"等等。这些, 相似文献
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