低温贮藏对兰州百合碳水化合物代谢的影响

[目的]为明确鳞茎的发育规律提供参考。[方法]以兰州百合(Liliumdavidii var. unicolor Hort.)为材料,经(6±0.5℃)低温贮藏67和101 d后种植,在其花蕾伸出顶端2￣3 cm时摘花蕾,以后定期检测在鳞茎发育过程中碳水化合物的变化。[结果]母鳞茎和新鳞茎经低温贮藏101 d处理的淀粉和总可溶性糖含量及蔗糖含量均高于贮藏67 d处理的。两种贮藏时间处理下,母鳞茎和新鳞茎的淀粉含量都持续上升。总可溶性糖含量在母鳞茎中升高,在67 d处理新鳞茎中下降,101 d处理的先升后降。67、101 d处理的母鳞茎和新鳞茎蔗糖含量变化趋势同总可溶性糖的基本一致,鳞茎淀粉酶活性都下降。[结论]贮藏处理的鳞茎内淀粉酶活性显著下降,淀粉含量增加,延长贮藏时间有利于鳞茎中淀粉的形成与积累。     

低温诱导对卷丹百合鳞茎生理生化指标的影响

[目的]为探究卷丹百合鳞茎解除休眠的机制提供必要的依据。[方法]以卷丹百合的鳞茎为材料,研究在4、8和12℃的3个低温处理下,在解除休眠过程中卷丹百合鳞茎生理变化。[结果]在45 d左右的冷藏期内,各冷藏处理的鳞茎淀粉含量明显下降,可溶性蛋白质含量却呈下降趋势,1个月左右后有明显的升高趋势;还原糖含量和总可溶性糖含量的则先上升后下降,冷藏37 d后达到最大值。还原糖含量变化的特点与百合鳞茎解除休眠有关。[结论]卷丹百合鳞茎解除休眠的最佳时间是冷诱导37 d。     

百合鳞茎低温解除休眠过程中的生理生化变化研究

对3个百合栽培品种鳞茎在低温解除休眠过程中的某些重要的生理生化指标进行了研究。结果表明，百合鳞茎在低温冷藏处理过程中，淀粉含量明显下降，可溶性糖含量上升，可溶性蛋白质含量呈下降趋势，但中间有明显的升高过程。不同品种和不同部位鳞片的淀粉、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白质的含量变化均有明显差异，变化幅度以中部和内部鳞片大于外部鳞片；‘黄宝贝’(Yellow Baby)的变化幅度大于‘达诺’(Ceb Dazzle)和‘卡萨布兰卡’(Casa Blanca)。低温冷藏37d至61d是鳞茎内生理生化变化最活跃的时期。     

贮藏温度对兰州百合生长及鳞茎碳水化合物代谢的影响

以兰州百合为材料,研究了百合种球经不同贮藏温度处理后,植株生长及鳞茎碳水化合物代谢的变化。结果表明:随着贮藏温度的降低,百合各个生育阶段均提前,总生育期缩短,同时百合株高和茎粗的生长加快,叶面积和鳞茎鲜重增加;母鳞茎和新鳞茎淀粉、总可溶性糖含量增加。蔗糖是百合鳞茎内糖分积累和转运的主要形态,其含量变化与总糖变化趋势基本一致。淀粉酶活性变化与淀粉含量变化趋势相反。结合鳞茎鲜重的变化可知,在本试验范围内,2℃贮藏百合种球101d有利于鳞茎发育。     

盆栽百合鳞茎发育与碳水化合物变化的关系

为深入探讨盆栽百合的鳞茎发育机制,对盆栽百合粉冠军(After eight)和橙色精灵(Tinydina)的鳞茎发育规律及鳞茎不同部位中淀粉、可溶性糖和蔗糖含量进行了研究。结果表明:现蕾后鳞茎中可溶性糖和蔗糖含量迅速下降;盛花后鳞茎干质量和鲜质量同时增加;叶半枯到叶全枯时新鳞茎中淀粉含量迅速上升,两品种增长幅度分别为41.9%和15.6%。因此,盛花期是粉冠军和橙色精灵百合鳞茎膨大的转折点,此时新鳞茎成为主要的"库";盆栽百合鳞茎发育存在后熟期。     

淀粉代谢及呼吸代谢对百合鳞茎破眠的影响

以细叶百合休眠鳞茎为试验材料,研究百合鳞茎低温冷藏过程中,淀粉代谢及呼吸代谢对鳞茎休眠的影响。结果表明,百合鳞茎中部鳞片细胞的淀粉粒数量及淀粉含量在低温冷藏过程中逐渐减少或降低。鳞茎冷藏过程中线粒体数量总体上呈逐渐上升的趋势,在冷藏36 d后线粒体发生缢裂现象。冷藏后期,圆球形线粒体数量大幅度增加,鳞茎冷藏12~24 d内呼吸速率下降,36~84 d内呼吸速率随冷藏时间的延长呈递增趋势。活跃的呼吸代谢及淀粉代谢为鳞茎破眠提供了能源保障。     

东方百合不同品种鳞茎冷藏期间形态和生理变化

以福建省山地自繁的3个东方百合栽培品种为试验材料,探讨了鳞茎在低温解除休眠过程中的芽伸长变化,以及不同部位淀粉和还原糖的变化规律。结果表明:东方百合鳞茎内的新芽在冷藏过程中不断伸长,OT百合的芽长为最长、其次为索蚌,最短的为西伯利亚;淀粉含量先是明显下降,54 d以后,淀粉含量变化比较平缓,并且都存在淀粉含量上升过程;还原糖含量先升高,到达峰值后下降。     

‘黄天霸’百合鳞茎低温解除休眠过程中形态和生理的变化

研究了4℃冷藏过程OT百合(Lilium hybrids)品种‘黄天霸’(‘Manissa’)鳞茎形态及相关生理生化指标的变化,结果表明:49 d后顶芽生长点距鳞茎顶端小于1 cm,淀粉含量明显下降,可溶性糖、蔗糖和还原性糖含量呈上升趋势(在第49天出现峰值);ABA含量在贮藏初期略有上升,第35天开始明显下降;IAA含量的变化则与ABA相反;GA3与ZR含量的变化规律不明显;激素含量之间比值均在29-35 d明显上升.表明‘黄天霸’百合鳞茎4℃解除休眠的合适时间为49 d,冷藏后29-35 d为其打破休眠的关键时期.     

东方百合种球''siberia''低温贮藏过程中的形态和生理变化研究

对东方百合"西伯利亚siberia"种球在-1℃低温处理下解除休眠过程中的形态和某些重要的生理生化指标进行了研究。结果表明,百合"siberia"种球内的顶芽在冷藏过程中不断伸长,52 d后芽生长点距种球端部的距离小于1 cm。在冷藏处理过程中,淀粉含量明显下降,可溶性糖和还原糖含量上升。低温冷藏至52 d时可溶性糖和还原糖含量达到最大值,后出现下降趋势,52~86 d变化趋势平缓,糖分含量的转折点可能与种球内生长点的萌发有关。     

百合种球大小对不同发育阶段鳞茎中糖和淀粉含量及淀粉酶活性的影响

以兰州百合与亚洲系精粹百合鳞茎为试材，研究不同规格鳞茎发育过程中糖和淀粉含量及淀粉酶活性的变化。结果表明：较小规格鳞茎淀粉积累始期与高峰期分别比较大规格鳞茎提前约10d。兰州百合鳞茎A[φ=（6．4±0．6）cm]可溶性糖的积累比鳞茎B[Φ=（4．9±0．3）cm]提前10d，而精粹百合鳞茎C[φ=（6．0±0．5）cm]比鳞茎D[Φ=（4．3±0．5）cm]提前20d。精粹百合萌发阶段总可溶性糖的下降幅度大于兰州百合。百合鳞茎中的α-淀粉酶活性显著高于β-淀粉酶活性，并且较大鳞茎的淀粉酶活性高于较小鳞茎。采收期不同，不同规格的百合鳞茎内部的碳水化合物含量水平有较大差异。兰州百合鳞茎A淀粉含量在植株半枯期达到最大值（30.39％），鳞茎B花后60d淀粉含量达最大值（37．87％）。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

锌对镉·汞复合污染下豌豆幼苗生长的影响

以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。