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The Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants is abbreviated as UPOV. The Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants has 1961/1972 Act ,1978 Act and 1991 Act. China is member of UPOV and its regulations of protection of new varieties of plants conform to 1978 Act. At present, there is big debate whether China accedes to 1991 Act. This paper mainly discussed advantages and possibilities that China accedes to 1991 Act, and concluded that it is highly desirable that China should consider acceding to 1991 Act in order to contribute to development of system on protection of new varieties of plants.  相似文献   

3.
As great progress has been made in the field of protection of new plant varieties, more attention is paid to the standardization of DUS (Distinctness, Unifor- mity, and Stability) test procedure. For further studies of tropical plants as their im- portance in agriculture and germplasm, protection of coconut becomes more signifi- cant and thus DUS test technique of coconut is needed. In this essay, we analyzed the status quo of the DUS test guidelines by International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV proj.3) and national DUS test guidelines in Chi- na, and provided some suggestions or promotions for improving the guidelines of DUS test in coconut.  相似文献   

4.
《华南农业大学学报》2006,27(4):F0003-F0003
Sponsored by South China Agricultural University, Journal of South China Agricultural University publishes a wide range of papers in Agricultural Sciences. Featuring in the Plant Protection Section for publishing regular articles, Journal of South China Agricultural University maintains a leading position in publishing papers in agricultural sciences in China. It is one of China's core journals in comprehensive agricultural sciences and in agricultural plant protection, and also the award - winning journal for many times. It is abstracted and indexed in more than 30 digest journals and databases.  相似文献   

5.
A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library is an invaluable resource tool to initiate tea plant genomics research, and the preparation of high molecular weight (HMW) genomic DNA is a crucial first step for constructing a BAC Library. In order to construct a BAC library for enhancing tea plant genomics research, a new method for the preparation of tea pant high molecular weight (HMW) genomic DNA must be developed due to young tea plant leaves and shoots are notably rich in both tea polyphenols and tea polysaccharides. In this paper, a modified method for preparing high quality tea plant HMW genomi~ DNA was optimized, and the quality of tea plant genomic DNA was evaluated. The results were as follows: Critical indicators of HMW DNA preparation were the appearance of the smooth nuclei in solution (as opposed to sticky-gummy) before agarose plug solidification, non-dark colored nuclei plugs after lysis with an SDS/proteinase K solution, and the quality and quantity of HMW DNA fragments after restriction enzyme digestion. Importantly, 1% dissolved PVP-40 and 1% un-dissolved PVP-40 during the nuclei extraction steps, in conjunction with the removal of PVP-40 from the plug washing and nuclei lysis steps, were critical for achieving HWM tea plant DNA suitable for BAC library construction. Additionally, a third PFGE fraction selection step to eliminate contaminating small DNA fragments. The modifications provided parameters that may have prevented deleterious interactions from tea polyphenols and tea polysaccharides. The HMW genomic DNA produced by this new modified method has been used to successfully construct a large-insert tea plant BAC library, and thus may be suitable for BAC library construction from other plant species that contain similarly interfering compounds.  相似文献   

6.
Besides the natural selection, the crops cultivated today have experienced two episodes of strong artificial selection, domestic and modern breeding. Domestication led to giant genetic structure differentiation between cultivars and their wild species, while modern breeding made further genetic structure differentiation between the modern varieties and the landraces. In a population, diversity of the loci under strong selection is significantly lower than that of other loci. At the same time, diversity in the genomic regions flanking these selected loci also declines in the process of selection. This phenomenon is called hitchhiking effects or selection sweep in genetics. Genomic regions with selection sweep (haplotype block) could be detected after draft genome scanning (genome typing) with molecular markers in a number of released varieties or natural populations. Marker/trait association analysis in these regions would detect the loci (or QTLs) even the favored alleles (genes) in breeding or natural adaptation. Fine scanning of these genomic regions would help to determine the sizes of haplotype blocks and to discover the key genes, thereby providing very valuable information for isolation of the key genes and molecular design of new varieties. Establishment of high density genetic linkage maps in the major crops and availability of high throughput genotyping platform make it possible to discover agronomic important genes through marker/trait association analysis. On the basis of available publications, we give a brief introduction of the hitchhiking effect mapping approach in this paper using plant height, 1 000-grain weight, and phosphorus-deficiency tolerance as examples in wheat.  相似文献   

7.
Using 15 indica rice varieties with different panicle weight, some ideal plant type characteristics in heavy panicle type of hybrid rice (HPT) and their relation to yield and its components were studied. Results showed that the leaf area index (LAI) of the HPT varieties was lower than that of medium panicle type (MPT) and light panicle type (LPT) varieties, but its decreasing rate of LAI and efficient LAI after heading was slower and had much higher percentage of efficient LAI, specific leaf weight, and ratio of grain to leaf area (cm^2) in comparison with the MPT and the LPT varieties. The length, width, thickness, and area of top three leaves of the HPT varieties were significantly larger than those of the MPT and the LPT varieties, and these components of top three leaves were significantly and positively correlated with the number of spikelets and filled grains, grain weight per panicle, and grain yield. The flag leaf in HPT varieties was erect with sorrow leaf angle, and their leaf angle of 2nd and 3rd leaf from top increased in sequence. The plant height of the HPT varieties was higher than that of the MPT and the LPT varieties, and their leaf site of top three leaves also increased in sequence. Therefore, HPT varieties as an ideal plant type could increase the utilization efficiency of sunlight energy. The ideal plant type characteristics and their adjuncts for the HPT varieties are proposed in this article.  相似文献   

8.
Water shortage is increasingly an important factor limiting the sustainable development of global economy, posing a huge threat to social security and human existence. Water usage in agriculture accounts for about 70% of total water consumption in the world, and rice cultivation is in turn the largest water user, which accounts for about 50% of total water usage in agriculture. Therefore, it is quite important to improve water utilization efficiency to reduce water consumption in rice. Water stress causes severe inhibition of plant growth and development as well as yield reduction, however the extent of inhibition or reduction varies greatly with the growth stages, duration and severity of stress, and plant genotypes. In rice, drought resistance and water utilization efficiency might be improved by developing stress resistant cultivars and conducting proper agronomic practices. It is hence imperative to determine the suitable criteria in morphological and physiological traits for drought resistance and water utilization efficiency in conventional breeding of rice. At present, leaf rolling, leaf water potential and carbon isotope discrimination are commonly used criteria for the evaluation and identification of germplasm with high drought resistance or water utilization efficiency. With rapid development of molecular biology, marker-assisted selection has been used in rice breeding against water stress. In this review, therefore, the agronomic aspect of water saving techniques such as selection of suitable rice cultivars, planting pattern, mulching, deficit irrigation and alternative drying and moist irrigation are discussed and effective approaches are also recommended.  相似文献   

9.
Farinograph dough stability time is an important index for classifying wheat, and it often indicates the most appropriate end use for the wheat cultivars. This study aimed at the problem of large fluctuations in dough stability time that occurs during the commercial wheat production. The variations in the dough stability time and its consistency across locations and years were analyzed using 12 principal high-quality wheat cultivars (varieties) obtained from Shandong Province, China, which were grown at nine different locations for three successive years. The results showed that the coefficient of variation for the dough stability time ranged from 24.29 to 49.60% across different varieties, locations, and years. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis indicated that there were significant interactions for the dough stability time between the varieties, the growth locations, and the years. The genotype effect was the most noticeable, followed by the interaction of the genotype and the environment. The environmental effect was the least significant. The interactions between the varieties and the locations differ considerably, however, each cultivar (variety) apparently has a specific adaptability to the growth location. Therefore, for the successful commercial scale production of the high-quality wheat varieties, both the selection of proper cultivars and its most suitable growth locations to meet the desired requirements for the dough mixing stability time are important.  相似文献   

10.
The effect of tea plant Camellia sinensis induced by exogenous methyl jasmonate (MJA) on lipoxygenase (LOX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and proteinase inhibitor (PI) activity in the leaves of tea plants, as well as the growth and midgut proteinase activity of the geometrid Ectropis obliqua larvae were studied. MJA significantly induced LOX, PPO and PI activity in leaves of tea plants. When geometrid larvae have fed on leaves of tea plants treated with MJA, the activities of the high alkaline trypsin-like enzyme and chymotrypsin-like enzyme in their midgut were significantly inhibited, but the activities of the low alkaline trypsin-like enzyme in their midgut were unaffected, leading to imbalance between different types of proteinase activity in the midgut of the larvae and in turn, the growth were inhibited. These chains of response may be an important mechanism of the direct resistance induced by MJA-treatment of tea plant on geometrid larvae.  相似文献   

11.
花生新品种DUS测试指南的研制   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
植物新品种特异性(Distinctness)、一致性(Uniformity)和稳定性(Stability)(简称DUS)测试指南是植物新品种保护的基础。花生在我国栽培历史悠久,种质资源丰富多样,花生新品种DUS测试指南的研制对有效地保护我国花生优良种质资源,促进育种事业的发展和我国在国际植物新品种保护领域的地位有着十分重要的意义。主要阐述了花生新品种DUS测试指南的编制原则、编制过程、判定标准、测试性状的选择和标准品种的选用。  相似文献   

12.
云南省澳洲坚果品种鉴别分析研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
澳洲坚果新品种的不断引进、培育及引进品种命名的标准不统一,对澳洲坚果种植户鉴认或引进澳洲坚果品种造成了一定困难。本研究以云南省热带作物科学研究所设在瑞丽、普洱、景洪等地的澳洲坚果品比点中的40个澳洲坚果品种为试验材料,以国际植物新品种保护联盟(UPOV)推荐的品种特征及澳洲坚果种质资源描述规范为指南,对40个澳洲坚果品种叶片和果实的相关特征性状(叶片轮生情况、新梢颜色、叶片形状、叶尖形状、叶基形状、叶形指数、叶柄长度、叶缘波形数、叶缘刺、果颈特性、果顶尖突起特性、壳果形状、果皮质地、腹缝线、果斑纹分布、壳果白点分布)进行了鉴别分类,结果表明:在兼顾植物品种特异性、一致性和稳定性(DUS)条件下,使用了5个叶片及4个果实特征因子后,40个澳洲坚果品种得到很好的鉴别。  相似文献   

13.
为科学规范地开展植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性(DUS)测试工作, 更好地履行《国际植物新品种保护公约》并与国际接轨,研制了刺槐属DUS测试指南。指南遵循国际植物新品种保护联盟有关测试指南总则和我国有关测试指南的国家标准,通过多年多点观测调查,深入细致地研究了刺槐属主要种、变种、变型、无性系和品种的形态特征和生长特性,为性状特征表筛选确定了31个测试性状;对每个测试性状的表达状态进行准确描述和科学分级,共描述划分了110个表达状态或等级;为94个表达状态确定了标准品种;给每个表达状态确定了代码,并给每个性状规定了测试方法。   相似文献   

14.
 为加强橡胶树新品种保护工作,在国际新品种保护联盟(UPOV)对DUS测试的基本要求和品种的生物学特性的基础上,制定巴西橡胶树DUS测试指南,阐述了其研制过程,品种测试的特殊性,性状的筛选原则和发展方向等。建议橡胶树DUS测试标准不宜定太高,测试性状要能体现中国育种水平和方向,并遵循UPOV原则。并认为分子标记技术与表型测试技术相结合将逐步成为橡胶树DUS测试的主要手段。  相似文献   

15.
乔磊  李云  杨华 《安徽农业科学》2010,38(24):13263-13265,13268
简要阐述了植物新品种及其保护的意义,分析了国内外植物新品种保护的管理模式、发展现状以及植物新品种测试指南制定原则,并以国内近50年榛属品种研究成果和可能的发展趋势为基础,参照国际植物新品种保护联盟(UPOV)2007年颁布的TG/1/3((植物新品种特异性、一致性、稳定性测试和规范性描述总体原则》及1979年制定的榛属的新品种测试指南(TG/71/3)等相关文件,编写了榛属新品种测试指南。榛属新品种测试指南规定新品种测试材料为6株以上(包括6株)无性繁殖的当年能正常结果的植株,观察其典型特征:枝条、叶、芽、果、雄花序,其中果为最主要特征,并确定33个性状作为测试标准,保证新品种的特异性、一致性和稳定性。该测试指南的编写,有利于榛属新品种的保护,对榛属新品种在生产中得到广泛的推广起到重要作用。  相似文献   

16.
本文介绍了植物新品种保护的概念和国内外植物新品种保护发展的概况和DUS测试指南研制及测试技术研究现状,并重点阐述了分子标记技术在DUS测试中的应用.论述了我国植物新品种保护体系的建立与发展,分析了我国植物新品种申请授权的情况,并提出我国植物新品种保护和DUS测试的发展的建议.  相似文献   

17.
参照国际植物新品种保护联盟( UPOV) 制度( 育种人权利) ,介绍了关于植物新品种知识产权的保护,意在关注植物营养繁殖中的相关问题。阐述了梅花品种保护中育种人权利的有关方面,对践行联盟制度的实用价值、探索使其能够全球化的技术操作的流程、组织等问题进行了讨论。  相似文献   

18.
湖南省农业植物新品种保护现状调查及分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
通过对湖南省农业植物新品种保护现状调查问卷的分析,深入探讨了影响湖南省品种权申请的因素及授权品种的开发推广等问题,并就如何加强我国品种权保护工作提出了建议。  相似文献   

19.
水稻DUS测试新品种品质性状的差异性分析及应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在DUS测试的基础上,对23个水稻申请品种及其近似品种的8个主要稻米品质性状连续2年的检测结果进行了差异性分析,结果表明:8个稻米品质性状在品种间的差异均达到极显著水平,其变异系数大小依次为垩白度、垩白粒率、碱消值、直链淀粉含量、胶稠度、整精米率、精米率、糙米率;常规稻的整精米率、垩白粒率、垩白度和直链淀粉含量的变异系数明显高于杂交稻;DUS测试性状差异较小的4对材料均有3个以上的品质指标存在显著差异;8个稻米品质性状均符合UPOV对性状的要求,可作为水稻DUS测试指南中的补充测试性状用于DUS测试判定.  相似文献   

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