中小花型蝴蝶兰杂交特性和无菌播种培养研究

为研究中小花型蝴蝶兰的杂交结实特性,提高育种技术和效率,选取9个中小花型蝴蝶兰品种作亲本按完全双列法进行自交与杂交,在81个组合中2个自交组合与17个杂交组合获得发育成熟的荚果,分别占自交组合数的22.2%和杂交组合数的23.6%.总平均结果率为12.3%,自交结果率为11.1%,杂交结果率为11.8%;作母本时9个品种平均结实率为13.63%,作父本时平均结实率为12.58%.蒴果生长呈S型曲线,可分为形成期、快速生长期和成熟期,各期时间长短受不同杂交组合的影响,快速生长期为30～50 d,从授粉到采收时间为80～118 d.种子萌发率及萌发所需时间因组合而异,平均萌发率为83.3%,杂交组合较自交种子启动萌发早、萌发率高.     

蝴蝶兰杂交育种技术的初步研究

选取7个蝴蝶兰品种进行自交与杂交,共获得3个自交组合与9个杂交组合。各组合授粉后7～9 d子房开始膨大,约于50 d左右蒴果大小趋于平稳状态,140～150 d采摘接种。通过观察得出,红天使×白天杂交组合的生长势指数最高,金色兄弟×红天使杂交组合的生长势指数最低。不同杂交组合的最佳采摘期有所差别。     

朱顶红人工授粉的结实率与出苗率研究初报

设计了朱顶红4个杂交组合、8个自交组合,比较不同组合结实及出苗情况。试验结果4个杂交组合、5个自交组合得到果实;凤蝶、苹果自交不结实;凤蝶作为母本的4个杂交组合均有果实。自交品种采用多次授粉可以提高结实率,苗期加强管理有利于提高出苗率。     

非洲菊品种杂交与自交结籽的研究

为选育非洲菊新品种,开展了国外引进品种间的人工杂交和自交结籽试验.2002年杂交结籽率达96%,每朵花平均的结籽数达62粒,千粒重达3.89 g,自交则分别为46.80%,26粒,3.20g,均有明显下降.随着花朵重瓣程度的上升,杂交和自交的结籽数均有下降的趋势.杂交的结籽数与自交的结籽数出现表现为正相关,因此建议选择杂交结籽容易的品种作为自交的亲本.     

葡萄种间杂交和自交后代抗寒性分析

利用隶属函数法综合评价了2个欧山杂交组合(玫瑰香×黑龙江实生;红地球×北醇)和2个自交组合(红地球自交和北醇自交)后代68个单株的抗寒性.结果表明:杂交后代抗寒隶属值连续分布,抗寒性表现为多基因控制的数量性状,其杂交后代抗寒性平均值小于中亲值,且不同的杂交后代组合偏离程度不同,杂交F1代(玫瑰香×黑龙江实生)偏离程度小于杂交F2代(红地球×北醇).自交组合中抗性强的亲本北醇自交后代抗性有所增强,抗性弱的亲本红地球自交后代平均隶属度明显弱于亲本.     

不同授粉方法对克服百合杂交受精前障碍的作用

为克服由受精前障碍造成的百合杂交不亲和,以3个杂种系的品种和2个野生种为试材,探讨了切割花柱授粉对百合品种自交、近缘杂交和切割花柱授粉、柱头涂抹1 g/L BA或1 g/L NAA或柱头涂抹花粉培养液4种授粉方法对百合远缘杂交,以及花柱长度对百合近缘杂交结实的影响。结果表明:切割花柱授粉法促进百合‘Sor-bonne’的自交结实,获得30个自交胚,与对照比差异极显著(P<0.01)。11个近缘杂交组合中,切割花柱授粉法使本来亲和的6个近缘杂交组合所形成的杂种胚数从30个以上减少至10个以下,有的组合甚至1个杂种胚都没有得到。应用在远缘杂交组合上的授粉方法,只有柱头涂抹花粉培养液得到了8个果,比作为对照的柱头授粉法多6个果,但最终均未得到杂种胚。正反交的4个组合,以花柱较长的亲本为母本时成胚数较多;母本相同的2个近缘杂交组合,父本花柱较短的组合成胚数较多。可见,切割花柱授粉法能克服‘Sorbonne’的自交不亲和性,但对本试验的近缘杂交组合没有促进作用。对于东方百合品种‘Casa Blanca’与‘Sorbonne’正反交,以及‘Casa Blanca’与‘Siberia’正反交这2个近缘杂交组合,母本花柱比父本花柱长,并不阻碍杂交结实。     

杜鹃花杂交、自交及开放授粉结实性研究

选用'小叶铁红'、'玉麒麟'、'红珍珠'、'红粉玉蝶'、'粉金蝶'、'火花'6个杜鹃花品种为母本,'映山红'、'满山红'、'羊踯躅'、'大白花'4个野生资源为父本,进行6×4不完全双列杂交,并通过部分反交、自交和开放授粉,对其结实性进行了探讨.结果表明:(1)不同品种与种间杂交结实率存在明显差异,各杂交组合的结实率为0～94.0%;(2)同一品种(种)作父本或母本,其杂交结实率也有明显差异,因此,在人工杂交过程,除选择好亲本外,还要注意确定正反交组合的数量;(3)不同品种(种)自交和天然授粉结实率存在明显差异,自交结实率为12.3%～76.1%,天然授粉结实率为0～21.7%.雄蕊完全瓣化或花药败育者天然授粉结实率为零.     

非洲菊品种杂交与自交结籽的研究

为选育非洲菊新品种,开展了国外引进品种间的人工杂交和自交结籽试验.2002年杂交结籽率达96%,每朵花平均的结籽数达62粒,千粒重达3.89 g,自交则分别为46.80%,26粒,3.20g,均有明显下降.随着花朵重瓣程度的上升,杂交和自交的结籽数均有下降的趋势.杂交的结籽数与自交的结籽数出现表现为正相关,因此建议选择杂交结籽容易的品种作为自交的亲本.     

大果黄花梨自交亲和性变异机制研究

梨品种大果黄花由黄花芽变而来.田间授粉试验表明,黄花梨自花授粉结实率仅为1.5%,属于梨自交不亲和性品种;而大果黄花自花授粉的结实率高达60.0%,属于自交亲和性品种;相互授粉时,黄花×大果黄花组合的坐果率达70.0%,为杂交亲和,但反交时坐果率为1.0%,表现为杂交不亲和.荧光显微镜观察这些组合授粉后花柱内花粉管生长情况,也得到相同的结果.这些结果表明,两品种雌蕊的自交不亲和性性状正常.进一步鉴定出了黄花和大果黄花是基于S-RNase基因的S-基因型,发现两者均含有S1-RNase和S2-RNase基因;而且两品种的这1对雌蕊S-RNase基因均特异性地在花柱中表达,表达量没有明显差异,表明大果黄花和黄花的雌蕊S-RNase基因并无差异.由此推断:大果黄花的自交亲和性突变,是由于花粉自交不亲和性功能丧失,从而表现出自花授粉能够结实.     

大果黄花梨自交亲和性变异机制研究

梨品种大果黄花由黄花芽变而来.田间授粉试验表明,黄花梨自花授粉结实率仅为1.5%,属于梨自交不亲和性品种;而大果黄花自花授粉的结实率高达60.0%,属于自交亲和性品种;相互授粉时,黄花&#215;大果黄花组合的坐果率达70.0%,为杂交亲和,但反交时坐果率为1.0%,表现为杂交不亲和.荧光显微镜观察这些组合授粉后花柱内花粉管生长情况,也得到相同的结果.这些结果表明,两品种雌蕊的自交不亲和性性状正常.进一步鉴定出了黄花和大果黄花是基于S-RNase基因的S-基因型,发现两者均含有S1-RNase和S2-RNase基因;而且两品种的这1对雌蕊S-RNase基因均特异性地在花柱中表达,表达量没有明显差异,表明大果黄花和黄花的雌蕊S-RNase基因并无差异.由此推断:大果黄花的自交亲和性突变,是由于花粉自交不亲和性功能丧失,从而表现出自花授粉能够结实.     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

锌对镉·汞复合污染下豌豆幼苗生长的影响

以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。