水貂IGF-1R基因SNPs筛查及其与生长性状的关联分析

为分析IGF-1R基因部分SNPs与银蓝水貂与美国短毛黑水貂2个群体生长性状的关联性。以同龄同场的银蓝水貂和美国短毛黑水貂为研究对象,采用PCR产物直接测序法筛查IGF-1R基因CDS序列的多态位点,利用SPSS(19.0)软件GLM统计模型分析基因SNPs不同基因型与水貂生长性状的相关性。在线软件对IGF-1R基因进行生物信息学分析。结果表明:在IGF-1R基因外显子2和外显子8分别检测到G207A同义突变和G1782A同义突变,根据测序峰图对2位点进行基因分型。群体遗传学分析显示,G207A位点在银蓝水貂群体中属于低度多态,G1782A位点在银蓝水貂群体中属于中度多态,G207A和G1782A 2个位点在美国短毛黑水貂中均为中度多态;χ~2检验表明,银蓝水貂和美国短毛黑水貂群体在2个突变位点处于HardyWeinberg平衡状态(P0.05);关联分析表明,G1782A位点与美国短毛黑水貂的体重显著相关(P0.05),突变纯合子AA基因型个体的体重值显著高于GG基因型个体和GA基因型个体。因此G1782A位点适合于短毛黑水貂体重的分子标记选择。     

水貂品种、性别、年龄及外源褪黑激素与食毛症发病率相关分析

对大连水貂场5个品种水貂食毛症发病情况进行统计,分析不同品种、性别、年龄及埋植外源褪黑激素等因素与水貂食毛症发病率的相关性,以探讨水貂食毛症的病因及其影响因素.结果表明,金州黑、咖啡、银蓝、红眼白、美国短毛黑5个品种种间差异对食毛症的发病率影响显著(P＜0.05),其中咖啡水貂发病率最高为12.61%;性别对食毛症发病...     

三个水貂品系内脏器官重量和毛皮品质的比较

以金州黑色标准水貂、美国短毛黑水貂和吉林黑色标准水貂3个水貂品系为研究对象，比较了体重、体长、皮张面积、心脏重、肝脏重、脾脏重和针毛长度、绒毛长度及针绒毛长度比，为品系改良及定向选种选育提供基础数据和理论参考。     

水貂GHR基因SNPs检测及其与生长性状的关联分析

为了检测水貂GHR基因多态性及其与生长性状的相关性分析,寻找可用于选育水貂生长性状的分子遗传标记,以同龄同场的短毛黑水貂、红眼白水貂和咖啡水貂为研究对象,采用PCR产物直接测序检测GHR基因的单核苷酸多态性,利用SPSS 19.0软件将该基因多态性与水貂生长性状进行关联分析。结果表明,存在3个SNPs位点,分别为外显子3处的g.82C>T突变和外显子10处g.350C>T和g.501C>T突变;g.82C>T位点与短毛黑水貂的体长显著相关;g.82C>T位点与3种群体的体质量极显著相关;g.350C>T位点与3种群体的体长极显著相关;g.350C>T位点与短毛黑水貂的体长极显著相关;g.501C>T位点与红眼白水貂的体长显著相关。因此,GHR基因可作为候选基因辅助用于水貂群体生长性状的遗传改良。     

美洲水貂TYR基因变异与毛色相关性分析

为探讨不同毛色水貂酪氨酸酶基因(TYR)编码区序列变异对水貂毛色的影响,对红眼白貂、美国短毛黑水貂、银蓝水貂TYR外显子1进行序列扩增分析,结果找到1个突变位点c.78AT颠换与白色水貂毛色关联极显著(P0.000 1)。文章还对不同物种TYR基因部分序列进行遗传进化分析,以期对水貂TYR基因系统发育研究和水貂毛色的选种选育提供依据。     

水貂微卫星位点与经济性状相关的研究

通过建立一般线性模型对5个水貂群体、300个个体的2个经济性状与16个微卫星遗传标记位点的相关性的研究,结果表明:Mvi4004位点对金州黑水貂的体重影响较为显著,金州黑水貂Mvi4004的AA型与AB型间的体重差异显著,金州黑水貂Mvi4006的AC与BB基因型间的体重差异显著;银蓝色水貂的Mvi4004的AA和BB基因型间体重差异显著;丹麦标准貂Mvi4006的AA型与AB型间的体长差异显著。     

白色力克斯兔、哈尔滨白兔及其杂种血液蛋白多态性研究——Ⅰ 电泳图谱及多态性蛋白的基因分布

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳法对白色力克斯兔(WR)、哈尔滨白兔(HW)及其杂种一代(F_1,WR×HW)和回交一代(B_1,WR×F_1)血液中的红细胞酯酶(Es—1,Es—2和Es—3)、血清转铁蛋白(Tf)、前转铁蛋白(Prt)、后白蛋白(Po)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血清过氧化氢酶(Cat)、血清过氧化物酶(Pod)和红细胞乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)等,10个蛋白位点进行测定。结果表明,Hb、Cat、Tf和LDH在所有被测群体中呈单态,Es-1、Es-2、Es-3、Po和Prt呈多态,分别受2,2,2,2和3个共显性等位基因控制,并表现出3,3,3,3和6种表型。X~2检验表明,哈尔滨白兔在Es-1、Es-2、Es-3、Po和Prt位点均处于平衡状态,其它各群体各有自己的平衡位点和非平衡位点。Pod在白色力克斯兔中呈单态,在其它群体均呈多态,该位点遗传机制不明。     

明华黑色水貂

<正>"明华黑色水貂"是以纯种美国短毛黑水貂为育种素材,由大连名威貂业有限公司下属企业大连明华经济动物有限公司和中国农业科学院特产研究所共同培育的水貂优良新品种。该品种于2013年12月1日通过国家畜禽遗传资源委员会其他畜禽专业委员会初审,并于近日通过国家畜禽遗传资源委员会品种审定。"明华黑色水貂"在保持毛色深黑、光泽度强、背腹毛色趋于一致,针毛短、平、齐、细、密,绒毛丰厚、柔软致密,适应性强,繁殖成活率高,抗病力强,遗传性能稳定等优点的同时,下颌白斑低于4.2%、腹部无白裆。成龄公貂体重为2.25±0.37千克,体长44.32±1.69厘米;成龄母貂体重为1.24±0.16千克,成龄母貂体长为40.55±0.99厘米。     

塞北兔耳型与血液蛋白多态型关系研究

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对不同耳型的塞北兔血液中的红细胞酯酶(Es-1,Es-3)、红细胞碳酸酐酶(CA)、前转铁蛋白(Prt)、后白蛋白(Po)和血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)5个蛋白位点进行了检测分析.结果表明,不同耳型的塞北免群体,多态蛋白位点的基因型比例不同.     

锦香草及其近缘种的亲缘关系ITS序列分析

为厘清锦香草及其近缘种的亲缘关系,为其杂交育种提供数据基础,收集我国锦香草及其近缘种短毛熊巴掌与长柄熊巴掌等样品46份,对供试样品核糖体基因(nrDNA)的内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer,ITS)序列进行分析,并构建系统进化树,对其系统发育关系进行研究。结果表明:供试材料的ITS1、ITS2和5.8S的序列长度分别为246、230、160~161 bp;ITS1与ITS2序列存在变异位点426个,信息位点232个;5.8S序列存在202个变异位点,信息位点84个。根据ITS序列构建进化树:供试材料可分为2支,锦香草与短毛熊巴掌在进化树中聚为一支,分支内部互相嵌入;长柄熊巴掌单独聚成一支。以上结果显示,锦香草、短毛熊巴掌亲缘关系较近,它们与长柄熊巴掌亲缘关系较远,该结果支持《Flora of China》将短毛熊巴掌处理为锦香草的异名,长柄熊巴掌为独立种。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

锌对镉·汞复合污染下豌豆幼苗生长的影响

以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。