条斑紫菜赤腐病的初步研究

本文对近年来发生在浙江一带的条斑紫菜病烂进行了研究，通过对发病症状和病源体形态构造、生长繁殖的显微和超微显观察，以及菌丝体的培养结果表明，病源为紫菜腐霉，属赤腐病。在不同培养温度条件下试验结果表明，２０－２４℃时菌丝繁殖蔓延得最快；而且高盐度对菌丝体有抑制和杀灭作用。     

紫菜腐霉菌生长及繁育基础研究

从福鼎市和霞浦县海区患病腐烂的坛紫菜上分离纯化到赤腐病病原菌——紫菜腐霉菌,分析对比不同培养基对紫菜腐霉菌丝生长的影响.结果显示,腐霉菌丝体适宜生长盐度为0.8％ ～ 2％,最适盐度为1.4％;适宜生长温度为10～25℃,最适温度为20℃;光照强度对腐霉菌丝的生长没有影响.用半海水玉米液体培养基培养,观察到紫菜腐霉菌藏卵器、雄器以及藏卵器发育过程和受精卵卵裂过程.     

福建坛紫菜赤腐病的病程及病原鉴定

于2011年10月-2012年2月,对福建省福鼎市、霞浦县、泉州市和晋江市等海区发生的坛紫菜腐烂病害进行了研究.通过观察发病特征以及镜检,详细记录了该病害的侵染过程,并在发病组织中观察到双鞭毛游动孢子以及孢子囊、雄器和藏卵器等重要结构特征,病菌形态与条斑紫菜上的紫菜腐霉相似;利用半海水玉米琼脂培养基分离提纯该病菌,命名为FM1.经感染试验证实,FM1引起的发病症状与自然海区患病紫菜的症状一致,说明FM1为致病菌.通过扩增该菌核糖体DNA ITS序列,并构建基于ITS+5.8S序列的N-J系统发育树,结果显示FM1菌株与紫菜腐霉的ITS区相似度很高,达到99%.综合形态学及ITS序列分析确定,紫菜腐霉是导致此次病烂的主要病原菌,该病原菌引起的病害称为"赤腐病".     

条斑紫菜病害原因与防治研究成果有了突破

由江苏省海洋水产研究所完成的条斑紫菜病害原因与防治研究成果,首次报道了条斑紫菜的主要病害——赤腐病与壶状菌病的并发病及缩曲症的病症、病因及其与生态环境的关系,填补了该研究领域的空白。     

辽宁省玉米茎腐病初侵染菌源的研究

通过种子带菌检验、病原菌在病株残体、病土上越冬形态观察及存活检测、越冬病菌的苗期致病测定等一系列试验，明确了辽宁省玉米茎腐病优势致病菌禾谷镰刀菌（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｇｒａｍｉｎｅａｒｕｍ）主要以菌丝体在病土及病残体内越冬，瓜果腐霉菌（Ｐｇｔｈｉｕｍｕｐｈａｎｉｄｅｒｍａｔｕｍ）以卵孢子在病残体和病土中越冬，带菌的土壤及根茬等病残体是玉米茎腐病的初侵染来源。     

基材物理性质对白腐真菌菌丝体生长的影响

[目的]研究基材物理性质对白腐真菌菌丝体生长的影响,为扩大白腐真菌的应用范围提供理论基础。[方法]在平面和试管木粉鸡粪培养基中培养了4种常见白腐真菌,研究了白腐真菌菌丝体生长与培养基材物理性质的相互关系。[结果]培养基材粒度越大,比重越小,空隙率越大,基材保水能力越弱,配制成培养基后,在相同水分条件下,培养基脱水率越大。这种与培养基材物理性质直接相关的规律影响了白腐真菌菌丝体的生长。培养基材的各物理性质,包括粒度、比重、空隙率、保水度、透水性等通过影响培养基的水分和通气条件,与白腐真菌菌丝体生长之间形成反馈关系。[结论]培养基材各种物理性质对白腐真菌菌丝体生长产生了显著的影响。     

黄海绿潮暴发前江苏紫菜养殖海域绿藻显微繁殖体分布特征

对2012年12月至2013年4月黄海绿潮暴发前江苏紫菜养殖海域绿藻显微繁殖时空分布特征进行了研究。结果表明,在每月的调查中,调查海域绿藻显微繁殖体密度高值区均集中在如东近岸紫菜养殖海域。调查海域绿藻显微繁殖体数量在时间分布上呈逐渐升高的趋势。2012年12月至2013年4月调查海域平均绿藻显微繁殖体数量分别为56、71、471、550和1 049 ind/L。应用ITS序列与5S rDNA间隔序列分析并构建系统发育树发现,江苏紫菜养殖海域绿藻显微繁殖体种类组成为浒苔(Ulva prolifera)和曲浒苔(Ulva flexuosa)。通过对调查海域绿藻显微繁殖体种类构成比例分析发现,在绿潮暴发前2-4月,黄海绿潮优势种浒苔显微繁殖体成为江苏紫菜养殖海域的优势种。大量绿藻显微繁殖体可以在春末海区温度回升时期迅速萌发,因此推测江苏紫菜养殖海域存在的大量绿藻显微繁殖体为黄海绿潮的暴发提供了种子库。     

基材物理性质对白腐真菌菌丝体生长的影响

[目的]研究基材物理性质对白腐真菌菌丝体生长的影响,为进一步扩大白腐真菌的应用范围提供理论基础。[方法]将粒度范围在〈0．25mm、0．25～1．00mm和〉1．00mm的3种木粉分别与鸡粪（粒度0．25～1．00mm）按质量比1：3的比例混合,用蒸馏水将含水率分别调整至50％、55％、60％、65％、70％、75％和80％,制成木粉鸡粪培养基。在平面和试管木粉鸡粪培养基中培养4种常见白腐真菌（黄孢原毛平革菌、香菇、平菇、凤尾菇）,研究白腐真菌菌丝体生长与培养基材物理性质的相互关系。木粉的比重、空隙率、保水度和透水性根据Sakae Horisawa等的方法进行测定。木粉鸡粪培养基脱水率根据Sadatoshi Meguro等的方法进行测定。[结果]培养基材粒度越大,比重越小,空隙率越大,基材保水能力越弱,配制成培养基后,在相同水分条件下,培养基脱水率越大。培养基材物理性质的差异首先影响的是培养基保持水分的能力,同时由于不同白腐真菌对于水分多寡的敏感程度的差异（黄孢原毛平革菌和香菇利用水分的能力较强,对于培养基水分的多寡较为敏感;而凤尾菇和平菇利用水分的能力较弱,需要较为优越的培养基水分条件）,最终培养基材的物理性质对白腐真菌菌丝体的生长产生了显著影响。培养基材的各物理性质,包括粒度、比重、空隙率、保水度、透水性等通过影响培养基的水分和通气条件,与白腐真菌菌丝体生长之间形成反馈关系。培养基水分条件和通气条件分别与白腐真菌菌丝体生长存在正反馈关系,但是培养基水分条件与通气条件之间形成的却是负反馈的关系。三者共同构成了影响白腐真菌菌丝体生长的核心负反馈。培养基的含水率和木粉粒度在培养基材物理性质与白腐真菌菌丝体生长的反馈关系中只是作为外在辅助变量产生间接的影响。[结论]该试验确认了培养基材各种物理性质对白腐真菌菌丝体生长产生了显著的影响,并初步推断了其影响方式和途径。     

γ—射线对条斑紫菜和坛紫菜诱变作用的初步研究

本文主要测定了不同剂量γ－射线辐照条斑紫菜和坛紫菜体细胞苗后的生长情况。结果表明：两种紫菜均能耐受大范围剂量的γ－射线辐照，辐照剂量从１００－４００Ｇｙ，对两种紫菜体细胞的生长都有促进作用。条斑紫菜体细胞苗的最佳剂量为２００Ｇｙ，最佳剂量率为１２．２７Ｇｙ／ｍｉｎ；坛紫菜体细胞生长的最佳剂量为１００Ｇｙ，最佳剂量主为６．１３Ｇｙ／ｍｉｎ。此外，辐照组中，两种紫菜出现多种形态与色素变异体。     

γ—射线对条斑紫菜和坛紫菜诱变作用的初步研究

本文主要测定了不同剂量γ－射线辐照条斑紫菜和坛紫菜体细胞苗后的生长情况。结果表明：两种紫菜均能耐受大范围剂量的γ－射线辐照，辐照剂量从１００－４００Ｇｙ，对两种紫菜体细胞的生长都有促进作用。条斑紫菜体细胞苗的最佳剂量为２００Ｇｙ，最佳剂量率为１２．２７Ｇｙ／ｍｉｎ；坛紫菜体细胞生长的最佳剂量为１００Ｇｙ，最佳剂量主为６．１３Ｇｙ／ｍｉｎ。此外，辐照组中，两种紫菜出现多种形态与色素变异体。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

盐胁迫对葡萄苗期多胺和激素代谢的影响

【目的】 研究盐胁迫条件下,葡萄叶片中多胺含量、多胺氧化酶、多胺合成酶活性以及激素的动态变化,研究不同盐胁迫强度对多胺类物质及激素代谢的影响。【方法】 采用盆栽基质培养模拟盐胁迫环境,设置4个NaCl处理梯度:0 (CK)、1、2和3 g/kg。多胺和激素含量的测定采用高效液相色谱法,多胺合成及分解酶活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计比色法。【结果】 盐胁迫处理后,葡萄叶片中多胺含量和脱落酸含量较对照而言显著增加,玉米素含量显著降低,随胁迫时间的延长,Put、Spm、Spd、ABA以及PAO、DAO、ADC、ODC、SAMDC活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,在10 d及10 d后达到峰值。ZT呈逐渐下降的趋势,并随胁迫强度增大而减小;进行显著性分析后,叶片中多胺含量与Put、Spm、Spd含量呈极显著正相关,DAO、ADC、ODC活性与Put含量呈显著正相关,PAO与SAMDC活性与Spm和Spd含量也呈极显著正相关。【结论】 3种多胺经酶的合成代谢后和激素共同缓解葡萄苗所遭受到的盐胁迫,期间主要发生作用的是多胺合成酶,盐胁迫下多胺与激素含量之间的变化关系也十分密切。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托,采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标,按业务流程设计与实现的,包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题,建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

内脐蠕孢属、平脐蠕孢属和凸脐蠕孢属的研究

本文报道了平脐蠕孢属(Bipolaris)一个新种,一个新组合,5个新记录以及凸脐蠕孢属(Exserohilum)一个新记录。讨论了内脐蠕孢属(Drechslera)、平脐蠕孢属、凸脐蠕孢属与长蠕孢属(Helminthosporium)的关系,并就我国已报道的长蠕孢属真菌按Alcorn等~([1,3,4,5,24])人的意见,逐个进行了订正。