影响玉米离体根冠细胞对Hm—毒素敏感性的因素

在Hm—毒素——根冠细胞测定法中,处理的温度,离体根冠细胞的浓度,毒素制剂的pH值和光照等都不同程度地影响玉米根冠细胞的存活和Hm—毒素诱致根冠细胞死亡的结果。试验证明:在低温,有光照和偏酸性的基质下获得的测定结果不理想,而黑暗25℃下处理12个小时,离体根冠细胞浓度为1000个/ml,毒素制剂的pH值为7.0左右时测定最宜。试验还发现,虽然改良Fries培养基中的酒石酸铵,NH_4NO_3和NaCl诸组分会影响玉米根冠细胞的存活,但用这种培养基制备的培养物滤液诱致的玉米根冠细胞死亡仍比病叶提取液强。此外,不同玉米自交系的根冠细胞其自然存活率的差异也很大;测定的时间须控制在12小时以内。可见,进行定量的Hm—毒素生物测定,严格地控制上述条件是非常重要的。     

应用赤霉菌粗毒素测定小麦品种的抗赤霉病性

小麦赤霉菌 Gibberella zeae(Schw.)Petch 在麦粒培养基上进行固体产毒培养,从中提取粗毒素。用粗毒素溶液处理小麦抗感赤霉病不同品种萌动—致的种子以及—叶期幼根和叶鞘。用 DDS-11A 型电导仪测定细胞渗透性变化。结果表明,在粗毒素作用下,小麦根、芽生长受抑制。但抗病品种受抑轻,感病品种受抑重。抗感品种幼根和叶鞘细胞渗透性的变化差异明显。用赤霉菌粗毒素测定细胞渗透性的变化,有可能作为鉴定小麦品种抗赤霉病的一个生理指标。     

应用组织培养方法诱发小麦抗赤霉菌毒素突变体研究初报

本研究从不同来源的小麦赤霉菌中选出了致病力强而毒素作用稳定的菌株的毒素作为筛选剂，以幼穗愈伤组织为材料，研究诱变剂EMS对诱发小麦抗赤霉菌毒素突变体的作用，并且比较了一步往往筛选与多步筛选体系的效果，研究结果指出，以小麦赤霉菌培养物滤液的粗提制剂作为筛选剂，可以有效地诱导出具有抗性的愈伤组织和分化再生苗，通过利用较大群体和接近细胞致死浓度的高选择压力的多步筛选体系可以在较短时间内有效地诱发抗毒素的突变体。试验明确了在诱发小麦抗赤霉病突变体中不宜用EMS诱变剂作预处理。     

赤霉菌毒素不同制剂对小麦的生物效应

用赤霉菌病麦粒水浸滤器、蔡氏液体培养滤液及马铃薯液体培养滤液处理小麦不同抗性品种的萌动种子，测定其胚根、胚芽生长长度，结果表明，三种培养滤液体积分数大时可抑制根、芽生长，体积分数小时则促进其生长，具双重生物效应。Ｔ－２毒素仅具抑制效应，病菌滤液和纯毒素均可用于鉴定小麦品种抗赤霉病性。     

赤霉菌毒素不同制剂对小麦的生物效应

用赤霉菌（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｇｒａｍｉｎｅａｒｕｍ）病麦粒水浸滤液、蔡氏（Ｃｚａｐｅｋ）液体培养滤液及马铃薯液体培养滤波处理小麦不同抗性品种的萌动种子，测定其胚根、胚芽生长长度．结果表明，三种培养滤液体积分数大时可抑制根、芽生长，体积分数小时则促进其生长，具双重生物效应．Ｔ－２毒素仅具抑制效应．病菌滤液和纯毒素均可用于鉴定小麦品种抗赤霉病性．     

玉米大斑菌致病毒素及其应用的初步研究

用大斑菌接种玉米幼苗和用大斑菌的培养滤液处理玉米根冠细胞的试验证明,大斑菌无论在体内或体外均能产生致病毒素。大斑菌不同菌株,1号和2号生理小种所产生的毒素作用强弱不同。在不含Ht_1基因的玉米1号小种(真16号菌株)的毒力明显强于2号小种(260号菌株)。大斑菌毒素制剂以病叶提取液的毒素作用最强。毒素的生物测定以根冠细胞测定法精确度高。用大斑菌接种玉米幼苗后形成的病斑大小和其毒素处理玉米离体根冠细胞的死亡率呈正相关,接种和处理含Ht_1基因的RB37Ht_1自交系的结果也相同。可见,应用大斑菌毒素可以代替大斑菌分生孢子接种玉米鉴别1号和2号生理小种和自交系的抗病性。     

玉米小斑病菌O小种毒素的生物活性测定

中国玉米小斑病菌(Bipolaris maydis)小种培养滤液含有活性较强的生理活性物质,对供试15个自交系种子根生长具有明显的抑制作用;可诱导幼苗和离体叶片产生典型的小斑病症状,自交系对培养滤液致病作用的抵抗性与幼苗对病菌的致病性密切相关;O小种培养滤液对玉米根冠细胞具有强烈的致死作用,根冠细胞对培养滤液的敏感性与幼苗对病菌的感病性间存在明显的正相关。据此,初步认为O小种滤液中的生理活性物质为O毒素。     

禾谷镰刀菌液体培养产毒条件研究初报

禾谷镰刀菌在PS液体培养基中可以产生对小麦具有毒性作用的毒素。不同菌株的产毒能力有明显的差异,经测试的11个菌株中以29号菌株产毒能力最强。禾谷镰刀菌产毒的最适温度为20℃,初始pH值为5～6,光照可抑制毒素的产生,一般培养21～28天达到产毒高峰。试验还表明,培养滤液pH值的变化与毒性的变化有明显的相关性。     

番茄灰霉病菌毒素对种子发芽和组织生长的毒害作用

用改良Ｆｒｉｅｓ培养液培养番茄灰霉病菌（ＢｏｔｒｙｔｉｓｃｉｎｅｒｅａＰｅｒｓｏｏｎ），取其培养滤液为粗毒素进行生物测定。结果表明，粗毒素对番茄种子萌发、胚根生长具有明显的抑制作用。对离体根冠细胞具有毒害作用，并可导致幼苗嫩茎湿腐缢缩而死亡。粗毒素经高温高压（１２１℃，１５磅，３０ｍｉｎ）处理，致病性不变     

玉米大斑病菌Ht－毒素在玉米品种抗病性鉴定中的应用

玉米大斑病菌在活体外产生的致病毒素（Ｈｔ－毒素）不仅能抑制玉米幼苗根和芽的生长，而且对玉米离体根冠细胞也有明显的致死作用。试验发现，玉米大斑菌菌株的致病力与其培养滤液对玉米幼苗根生长的抑制率呈正相关（ｒ＝０．８４），玉米品种的感病性也与毒素处理后根冠细胞的死亡率呈正相关（ｒ＝０．８２）。结论指出，用玉米大班菌Ｈｉ－毒素鉴定玉米品种的抗病性是可行的。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

盐胁迫对葡萄苗期多胺和激素代谢的影响

【目的】 研究盐胁迫条件下,葡萄叶片中多胺含量、多胺氧化酶、多胺合成酶活性以及激素的动态变化,研究不同盐胁迫强度对多胺类物质及激素代谢的影响。【方法】 采用盆栽基质培养模拟盐胁迫环境,设置4个NaCl处理梯度:0 (CK)、1、2和3 g/kg。多胺和激素含量的测定采用高效液相色谱法,多胺合成及分解酶活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计比色法。【结果】 盐胁迫处理后,葡萄叶片中多胺含量和脱落酸含量较对照而言显著增加,玉米素含量显著降低,随胁迫时间的延长,Put、Spm、Spd、ABA以及PAO、DAO、ADC、ODC、SAMDC活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,在10 d及10 d后达到峰值。ZT呈逐渐下降的趋势,并随胁迫强度增大而减小;进行显著性分析后,叶片中多胺含量与Put、Spm、Spd含量呈极显著正相关,DAO、ADC、ODC活性与Put含量呈显著正相关,PAO与SAMDC活性与Spm和Spd含量也呈极显著正相关。【结论】 3种多胺经酶的合成代谢后和激素共同缓解葡萄苗所遭受到的盐胁迫,期间主要发生作用的是多胺合成酶,盐胁迫下多胺与激素含量之间的变化关系也十分密切。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

内脐蠕孢属、平脐蠕孢属和凸脐蠕孢属的研究

本文报道了平脐蠕孢属(Bipolaris)一个新种,一个新组合,5个新记录以及凸脐蠕孢属(Exserohilum)一个新记录。讨论了内脐蠕孢属(Drechslera)、平脐蠕孢属、凸脐蠕孢属与长蠕孢属(Helminthosporium)的关系,并就我国已报道的长蠕孢属真菌按Alcorn等~([1,3,4,5,24])人的意见,逐个进行了订正。