枯草芽孢杆菌的分离和净化水质的研究

对水产养殖水体及底泥中的芽孢杆菌进行分离，得到一株枯草芽孢杆菌。研究枯草芽孢杆菌对南美白对虾饲养池水质的净化作用，结果表明，在饲养池中添加枯草芽孢杆菌后．池水的COD值、亚硝酸盐、H2S浓度比对照池显著降低，总碱度显著上升．表明枯草芽孢杆菌对净化南美白对虾饲养池水质具有明显的作用。     

固定化枯草芽孢杆菌净化养殖水体试验

为研究固定化枯草芽孢杆菌对养殖水体的净化作用,将从水产养殖水体中分离得到的一株枯草芽孢杆菌,经海藻酸钙包埋固定后加入凡纳滨对虾饲养池中,结果池水的亚硝酸盐、硫化氢浓度比对照池显著降低,总碱度显著上升。表明固定化枯草芽孢杆菌对养殖水质具有明显的净化作用。     

对虾养殖海区芽孢杆菌筛选及其水质净化研究

从胶南、红岛、仰口不同的对虾养殖区域,采集凡纳滨对虾养殖水体中的水样、底泥以及对虾肠道和粪便样品,从中分离筛选芽胞杆菌菌群,获得8株不同的芽胞杆菌菌株.通过形态学特征、生理生化特性结果分析和16S rDNA分析鉴定,确定其中的JNSY1菌株为蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus).安全性测试发现该蜡样芽孢杆菌JNSY1菌株对养殖的凡纳滨对虾(Penaeus vannamei)无毒害作用.水质净化实验结果表明,10 d后该JNSY1菌株对养殖水体中氨氮的降解率达到65.5%,对亚硝酸盐的降解率达到68.3%,表明该菌株对养殖水体有明显的净化作用,可以研发作为微生态制剂.     

空心菜浮床对东平湖鲤养殖池塘水质的净化作用

为研究浮床空心菜(Ipomoea aquatica Forsk)对池塘水体的净化作用,选择东平湖鲤鱼种养殖池塘,设置了试验池A和对照池B,分别选取A池的4个位点(1、2、3、4)和B池的1个位点(5)采集水样,通过测定水样中溶解氧、pH及营养盐(总磷、总氮、氨氮、亚硝酸盐)等理化指标分析浮床空心菜对水体净化作用的影响。结果表明,随着浮床空心菜的生长,浮床空心菜可增加池水溶氧、吸收水中营养盐,降低氨氮和亚硝酸盐,从而起到净化水质的作用。     

光合细菌与其他微生态制剂对水质改善的研究

<正>2012年淮南市水产技术推广站开展了光合细菌菌株、枯草芽孢杆菌和浓缩EM菌群对水质改良作用实验,分别进行了不同养殖水体、养殖动物的水质改良效果对比,测定了养殖池水中的亚硝酸盐、溶解氧、氨氮、H2S、pH、COD等的变化情况。一、试验材料和试验方法1.试验场地和时间两组试验分别于2012年7月至10月在凤台县城北湖渔场和淮南市大通区蔡城塘渔场进行。2.试验材料2.1试验试剂     

高活性生物修复菌制剂改善虾池水质的研究

采用高活性生物修复茵制剂,对养殖中后期的南美白对虾池塘进行了改善水体质量的试验.通过测定分析水体的pH、化学需氧量、氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮、磷酸盐、溶解氧等水质指标,评价水体富营养化状况的变化.结果表明,这种水质净化剂能有效调节pH在7.5～8.5的范围内,提高水体的透明度6.8～13.4 cm,增加水体中溶解氧的含量23.81%～47.37%,降低水体COD和磷酸盐的含量为31.64%～49.71%和30.58%～62.43%,改善养殖水体的富营养化状态,使得试验池水体的营养状况值(E)下降了49.15%～86.96%,为南美白对虾的高产、高效养殖营造了良好的水域生态环境.     

蜡样芽孢杆菌对养殖池水质净化研究

向对虾池塘中泼洒蜡样芽孢杆菌LY-3菌液,观察对虾养殖水质净化情况,池塘水质pH值、溶解氧、NH4+-N、NO2--N含量和对虾成活率进行了测定,结果表明:该菌能够很地的调节改善养殖水体环境,与对照组相比,该菌能使水体pH值稳定在8.0～8.3之间,可显著提高养殖水体溶解氧,对水体NH4+-N有显著的降解作用,使其浓度由1.7 mg/L降至0.35 mg/L。同时对NO2--N也有显著的去除作用,使其浓度由0.64 mg/L降低至0.05 mg/L,降解率达92%,且在整个试验周期内无反弹现象,可见该菌能显著改善养殖池塘水质。     

枯草芽孢杆菌wlcl芽孢生成条件优化及净水作用研究

[目的]提高枯草芽孢杆菌的产量并降低生产成本。[方法]利用旋转回归法研究豆饼粉、葡萄糖对枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subti-lis）液体发酵生产芽孢的影响。[结果]芽孢形成率与豆饼粉和葡萄糖的回归方程为：Y1=35.8-2.185 65X1＋0.685 666X2-5.962 504X1X1-1.25X1X2-3.462 499X2X2,其因变量和自变量之间的线性关系显著,决定系数为86.21%。豆饼粉为1.2%,葡萄糖为1.0%时,芽孢形成率最大,估计为89%。试验池的COD值从第1天的9.85 mg/L下降到第11天的7.87 mg/L,而对照池的COD值从第1天的8.95 mg/L上升到第7天的9.69 mg/L后再下降。试验池中亚硝酸盐浓度从0.088 mg/L下降到0.059 mg/L,而对照池中亚硝酸盐浓度从0.072 mg/L上升到0.085 mg/L。试验池水体pH值在7.5-8.4的范围内变动,而对照池水体pH值普遍高于试验池,最高达8.7。对照池中H2S浓度在0.008-0.030 mg/L的范围内,而试验池水中H2S浓度从试验初期的0.060 mg/L下降到第11天的0.015 mg/L。[结论]培养基中的碳源和氮源是芽孢生成的重要因素。     

凡纳滨对虾养殖池塘pH值、碱度、硬度和CO2浓度作用机理与调控

分析了pH值、碱度、硬度和CO2浓度之间的相互作用机理,从促进光合作用、对氨及重金属毒性的影响等方面阐述了各指标在凡纳滨对虾养殖水质管理中的重要性,并提出了以碱度和硬度作为重点池塘水质调控指标的概念,以农业石灰作为碱度和硬度的调节剂,以农业石膏作为硬度的单独调节剂,维持池塘水质稳定,提高凡纳滨对虾养殖成功率.     

基于生物絮团技术构建的零换水养殖系统对凡纳滨对虾高密度养殖效果分析

[目的]探讨在零换水条件下开展凡纳滨对虾高密度养殖的可行性,为后续推动对虾零换水高效健康养殖模式的规模化产业应用提供参考依据.[方法]采用封闭式串联养殖池系统,凡纳滨对虾虾苗放养密度690尾/m3,养殖周期91 d(13周),以生物絮团技术调控养殖水质,养殖全程不换水,定期监测与分析养殖水体主要水质指标及细菌数量的动态变化特征.[结果]经13周的零换水养殖后,凡纳滨对虾平均存活率为(83.90±2.74)%,收获规格平均为14.50±0.99g/尾,单位水体对虾产量平均为8.39±0.48 kg/m3,饲料系数平均为1.25±0.06,养殖对虾单产平均耗水量为120.00±6.38 L/kg.从养殖第7周起,水体中生物絮团量维持在18.2~30.4 mL/L,pH基本维持在7.31~7.60,总碱度在116~224mg/L范围内波动变化,总氨氮(TAN)浓度降低至0.45 mg/L以下并保持至试验结束,亚硝酸盐氮(NO2-N)浓度保持低于0.70 mg/L,硝酸盐氮(NO3--N)浓度呈持续上升趋势,至试验结束时接近135.0mg/L.养殖水体中的异养细菌和弧菌数量均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,其中,异养细菌从第9周后一直维持在×106 CFU/mL的数量级水平,弧菌从第7周后一直维持在×lo2 CFU/mL的数量级水平.[结论]科学运用生物絮团技术对凡纳滨对虾养殖水质进行原位调控能实现高密度零换水的高效健康养殖,还可有效提高水资源的利用效率,有助于推动对虾养殖产业的绿色健康发展.     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

盐胁迫对葡萄苗期多胺和激素代谢的影响

【目的】 研究盐胁迫条件下,葡萄叶片中多胺含量、多胺氧化酶、多胺合成酶活性以及激素的动态变化,研究不同盐胁迫强度对多胺类物质及激素代谢的影响。【方法】 采用盆栽基质培养模拟盐胁迫环境,设置4个NaCl处理梯度:0 (CK)、1、2和3 g/kg。多胺和激素含量的测定采用高效液相色谱法,多胺合成及分解酶活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计比色法。【结果】 盐胁迫处理后,葡萄叶片中多胺含量和脱落酸含量较对照而言显著增加,玉米素含量显著降低,随胁迫时间的延长,Put、Spm、Spd、ABA以及PAO、DAO、ADC、ODC、SAMDC活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,在10 d及10 d后达到峰值。ZT呈逐渐下降的趋势,并随胁迫强度增大而减小;进行显著性分析后,叶片中多胺含量与Put、Spm、Spd含量呈极显著正相关,DAO、ADC、ODC活性与Put含量呈显著正相关,PAO与SAMDC活性与Spm和Spd含量也呈极显著正相关。【结论】 3种多胺经酶的合成代谢后和激素共同缓解葡萄苗所遭受到的盐胁迫,期间主要发生作用的是多胺合成酶,盐胁迫下多胺与激素含量之间的变化关系也十分密切。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托,采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标,按业务流程设计与实现的,包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题,建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

内脐蠕孢属、平脐蠕孢属和凸脐蠕孢属的研究

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