柑橘灰象甲防治药剂的筛选

柑橘灰象甲是柑橘的主要害虫之一,近年来在山地橘园危害日益严重。通过室内及田间防治试验,以乙酰甲胺磷、丙溴磷、象甲灵(水胺·辛硫磷)、象甲净(高效氯氟氰菊酯)、丙溴磷+氟氯氢菊酯、氟氯氢菊酯、丙溴磷+氯氟氰菊酯等为药剂,对柑橘灰象甲的防治效果进行了比较。结果表明,各药剂对灰象甲均有一定防效,但防治效果差异较大,但整体来看,均以500倍乙酰甲胺磷的防效最好,室内防效为86.7%,药后5d田间防效高达100%。     

几种杀虫剂对腰果害虫食芽象甲触杀毒力测定

室内条件下采用点滴法测定了7种杀虫剂对腰果害虫食芽象甲(ScythropusyasumatsuiKonoetMorimoto)的触杀毒力。结果表明:7种供试药剂对食芽象甲的杀虫毒力从高到低依次为锐劲特、高效氯氰菊酯、敌敌畏、毒死蜱、辛硫磷、乙酰甲胺磷、敌百虫;锐劲特对食芽象甲的触杀毒力最高,处理24h后LD50为0.0096μg/头;高效氯氰菊酯和敌敌畏次之,处理72h后LD50分别为0.0040和0.0432μg/头。锐劲特、高效氯氰菊酯和敌敌畏3种杀虫剂在田间防治中均可推荐使用。     

个旧市红火蚁防控药效试验

为有效控制红火蚁在云南省个旧区域内扩散蔓延,使用0.1%茚虫威饵剂、2.5%溴氰菊酯乳油、77.5%敌敌畏乳油和75%乙酰甲胺磷粉剂4种农药进行药效试验。结果表明,药后5 d,施用2.5%溴氰菊酯乳油效果最佳,防效达88.9%,其次是75%乙酰甲胺磷粉剂,防效达77.8%;药后10d,2.5%溴氰菊酯乳油和75%乙酰甲胺磷粉剂防效均达100%,77.5%敌敌畏乳油防效达77.8%。因此,在个旧市红火蚁防控工作中,应优先选用2.5%溴氰菊酯乳油和75%乙酰甲胺磷粉剂,其次是77.5%敌敌畏乳油。在施用0.1%茚虫威饵剂时,地表温度必须达到25～35℃,地面干燥时施药。     

不同药剂防治棉田烟粉虱田间药效试验

为了有效控制烟粉虱对棉花的为害、筛选出高效化学农药,用6种杀虫剂进行了防治大田棉花烟粉虱成虫的药效对比试验。结果表明,5%氯氟氰菊酯EC和4.5%高效氯氰菊酯EC防治烟粉虱成虫具有速效性强和药效持久的特点;2.8%阿维菌素EC和20%乙酰甲胺磷EC速效性较差而持久性较好;40%丙溴磷EC和2.5%联苯菊酯EC的防效较差。     

巴西蕉假茎对2种香蕉象甲的诱捕效果分析

为明确巴西蕉假茎对香蕉假茎象甲和香蕉球茎象甲的诱捕效果,为利用巴西蕉假茎防治香蕉象甲这一农业防治措施提供理论依据,采用假茎田间诱捕试验及室内选择反应试验,研究了巴西蕉假茎对2种香蕉象甲的诱捕效果。田间诱捕试验结果表明,巴西蕉假茎对2种香蕉象甲具有有效的诱捕作用,其5d和10d的诱捕量分别达8.3~11.3和14.7~18.0头/诱捕器;室内选择反应试验结果表明,与空白对照相比,2种香蕉象甲对巴西蕉假茎均表现出显著的选择趋性。因此,巴西蕉假茎可用于蕉园香蕉象甲的诱捕防治。     

23种杀虫剂对稻纵卷叶螟的田间防治效果

为进一步明确现有杀虫剂对水稻纵卷叶螟的效果.在大田中,以喷雾施药法对23种杀虫剂进行了防治稻纵卷叶螟的田间试验.结果表明:用药20天后,对稻纵卷叶螟控制效果迭90%以上的品种有:氯虫苯甲酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、阿维菌素和氟虫睛;防治效果达80%～90%有敌敌畏、辛硫磷、毒死蜱、丙溴磷、杀螟硫磷、乙酰甲胺磷、三唑磷、喹硫磷、敌百虫,以及杀虫单、氟铃脲、仲丁威.可以认为,只要施药及时,目前大多数杀虫剂仍能有效控制稻纵卷叶螟的危害.     

甘蓝小菜蛾常用单剂及甲维盐混剂药效试验研究

进行了甘蓝小菜蛾杀虫剂的田间药效试验,结果表明:2种甲维盐混剂2.8%甲维盐.三氟氯氰菊酯微乳剂和55.8%甲维盐.毒死蜱乳油药后10 d防效分别为:87.30%、91.24%;4个单剂40%毒死蜱乳油、0.5%甲维盐微乳剂、25 g/L高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油、0.5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油药后10 d防效分别为:80.18%、85.60%、82.90%、81.76%。可见4个单剂对甘蓝小菜蛾防效和持效效果相当,甲维盐混合剂总体防效和持效好于单剂。     

酶抑制剂与杀虫剂混配对黄曲条跳甲抗药性的抑制作用

研究了磷酸三苯酯(TPP)、胡椒基丁醚(PB)和顺丁烯二酸二乙酯(DEM)3种酶抑制剂对黄曲条跳甲Phyllotretastriolata的杀虫剂敏感性的影响.结果表明:TPP对甲胺磷、敌敌畏、灭多威、氰戊菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氟虫腈和阿维菌素均有显著增效作用;除对敌敌畏的增效作用低于PB外,TPP对其余6种杀虫剂的增效作用均高于PB和DEM;PB对甲胺磷、敌敌畏、灭多威、氰戊菊酯和氯氰菊酯,DEM对甲胺磷、敌敌畏和氯氰菊酯的增效比均大于2.0,但PB对甲胺磷、灭多威以及DEM对甲胺磷、敌敌畏的增效作用不显著;PB对氟虫腈和阿维菌素以及DEM对灭多威、氰戊菊酯、氟虫腈和阿维菌素的增效作用较低或不明显;辛硫磷、毒死蜱和氟虫腈对黄曲条跳甲的毒力远大于甲胺磷、敌敌畏、灭多威、氰戊菊酯和氯氰菊酯.分别采用辛硫磷、毒死蜱和氟虫腈与氰戊菊酯或氯氰菊酯混配后的增效作用显著.故采用酶抑制剂与杀虫剂混配可有效抑制黄曲条跳甲对一些杀虫剂的抗性.     

荔枝田间卷叶蛾幼虫防效试验

<正>海南近2年,荔枝产区卷叶蛾有大暴发趋势。笔者在琼山区三门坡镇荔枝园,对20%核多角体病毒、甲维盐3%、丙辛(丙溴磷、辛硫磷)、甲维虫酰肼、90%敌百虫、20%杀灭菊酯,防治荔枝卷叶蛾的效果进行比较试验。结果表明:参试药剂防治效果差别很大,其中,20%核多角体病毒防效98.8%,3%甲维盐防效95.1%,丙辛(丙溴磷、辛硫磷)防效90%,甲维虫酰肼防效96.8%,90%敌百虫防效67%,20%杀灭菊酯防效     

10个香蕉品种对香蕉假茎象甲田间抗性的评价

调查分析了10个香蕉品种上香蕉假茎象甲的发生指数和危害率。结果表明,6-8月所有品种上香蕉假茎象甲发生指数、危害率较高,12月至次年2月较低。其中,抗枯5号上香蕉假茎象甲发生指数和危害率最高,分别为0.374和70.0%;孟加拉菜蕉最低,分别为0.034和4.3%。综合分析认为5类香蕉对香蕉假茎象甲的抗性程度由高到低依次为野生蕉、大蕉、龙牙蕉、粉蕉、香牙蕉。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

盐胁迫对葡萄苗期多胺和激素代谢的影响

【目的】 研究盐胁迫条件下,葡萄叶片中多胺含量、多胺氧化酶、多胺合成酶活性以及激素的动态变化,研究不同盐胁迫强度对多胺类物质及激素代谢的影响。【方法】 采用盆栽基质培养模拟盐胁迫环境,设置4个NaCl处理梯度:0 (CK)、1、2和3 g/kg。多胺和激素含量的测定采用高效液相色谱法,多胺合成及分解酶活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计比色法。【结果】 盐胁迫处理后,葡萄叶片中多胺含量和脱落酸含量较对照而言显著增加,玉米素含量显著降低,随胁迫时间的延长,Put、Spm、Spd、ABA以及PAO、DAO、ADC、ODC、SAMDC活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,在10 d及10 d后达到峰值。ZT呈逐渐下降的趋势,并随胁迫强度增大而减小;进行显著性分析后,叶片中多胺含量与Put、Spm、Spd含量呈极显著正相关,DAO、ADC、ODC活性与Put含量呈显著正相关,PAO与SAMDC活性与Spm和Spd含量也呈极显著正相关。【结论】 3种多胺经酶的合成代谢后和激素共同缓解葡萄苗所遭受到的盐胁迫,期间主要发生作用的是多胺合成酶,盐胁迫下多胺与激素含量之间的变化关系也十分密切。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托,采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标,按业务流程设计与实现的,包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题,建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

内脐蠕孢属、平脐蠕孢属和凸脐蠕孢属的研究

本文报道了平脐蠕孢属(Bipolaris)一个新种,一个新组合,5个新记录以及凸脐蠕孢属(Exserohilum)一个新记录。讨论了内脐蠕孢属(Drechslera)、平脐蠕孢属、凸脐蠕孢属与长蠕孢属(Helminthosporium)的关系,并就我国已报道的长蠕孢属真菌按Alcorn等~([1,3,4,5,24])人的意见,逐个进行了订正。