农民返乡创业选项目注意事项

近年来,各地政府都积极鼓励和引导农民工返乡创业,制定出台了相关的土地使用、税费返还、创业贴息补助等优惠政策,吸引了大批农民工返乡创业.在众多返乡创业的农民工中,有的创业成功并走上致富路,而有的事业停滞不前甚至以失败告终.因此,农民返乡创业,在选项目时须注意以下几点.     

后金融危机下江西省返乡农民工创业典型的调查研究

为了研究后金融危机下江西省返乡农民工的创业情况,对江西省6个县107位返乡创业的农民工进行了问卷调查。结果表明,返乡农民工创业的动机以个人因素居多,同时社会性因素也比较重要。返乡农民工创业面临的主要困难为资金筹集困难、创办企业手续繁琐、权益保障困难、自身素质不高等。返乡农民工创业需要的政府支持为改善农民工创业服务和管理、提供融资政策的支持、加大财政、税收优惠政策、加强创业培训力度和优惠返乡农民工用地5方面。     

制度需求视角下吉林省农民工返乡创业研究——以农安县春江堰家庭农场为例

<正>近年来,农民工返乡创业逐渐成为了潮流。党中央及国务院高度重视此项工作,多次提出要支持和鼓励农民工就业创业,拓宽增收渠道;要确定进一步支持返乡创业的措施,激活农村资源要素促进乡村振兴。同时随着乡村振兴战略的不断推进,农业领域迎来极大地发展机遇,对于离乡打工的农民工而言,若能在乡村振兴战略的大背景下返乡创业,那一定会大有可为。针对农民工返乡创业这一热点问题,本文特地选取农民工返乡创业成功的典型案例进行探究,从制度需求的角度研究吉林省农民工的返乡创业问题,以便为农民工返乡创业提供借鉴。     

吉林省返乡农民工创业成长发生机制及途径

农民工返乡创业具有创业的一般共性,但是由于农民工群体具有天然的弱质性,导致其创业成长能力不足。本文关注农民工创业的持续成长及发展过程,在分析吉林省农民工返乡创业成长现状的基础上,从政策、服务、物质支持和精神支持的角度提出了促进返乡农民工创业成长的对策。     

陕西农民工返乡创业面临的困境及对策

通过统计农民工返乡创业人数,介绍了陕西省农民工返乡创业现状。指出了陕西返乡农民工创业面临的主要困境,一是某些地方部门发展观念陈旧;二是缺乏有力的政策支持;三是创业环境依然不够理想;四是创业者文化素质偏低。基于此,提出了鼓励和支持农民工返乡创业的政策性建议：积极实行鼓励农民工返乡创业战略;进一步规范管理服务,优化创业环境;继续指导和帮助返乡农民工选准选好创业项目;不断加大财政税收扶持力度;继续改善金融服务;优先解决农民工用地问题;继续实施农民工＂回乡创业示范工程＂;进一步加强对农民工返乡创业的组织领导工作。     

多维度构建农民工创业帮扶机制

农民工返乡创业是缓解农民工就业压力,增加农民工收入,促进农村发展的重要途径。对农民工返乡创业的驱动之源和现实困境进行了认真的剖析,明确指出要在营造良好创业环境的基础上,提供农民工创业坚实的政策保障,拓宽农民工创业的融资渠道,做好农民工创业的指导和服务工作,多维度地构建农民工创业帮扶机制。     

农民工返乡创业问题研究

返乡创业的农民工已成为农村经济发展的亮点和新的增长点,然而,农民工返乡创业并不是一帆风顺的,他们在创业过程中会遇到资金、文化素质和创业环境等因素的制约,各级政府应该为农民工返乡创业提供培训、政策优惠等支持,优化服务环境,最大限度地激发他们的创业热情,培养其创业技能,提高创业成功率。     

返乡农民工创业现状、问题与对策——基于浙江省的调查

引导农民工返乡创业已成为推进乡村振兴的重要政策选择。文中基于浙江部分地区返乡农民工创业者的调查,在描述其创业领域、创业形式、创业绩效等创业现状的基础上,深入剖析返乡农民工创业者创业过程中存在的问题,并从加大政策支持力度、完善培训机制、优化创业服务环境等方面提出相应的对策以促进返乡农民工创业。     

关于黄平县返乡农民工创业情况的调研报告

黄平县委、县政府十分重视返乡农民工创业这一民生工作,认真落实省委、省政府提出的"雁归兴贵"行动计划,并在扶持和服务上下足功夫,形成了"以创业带动发展、以创业促进就业、以创业助推增收"的良好态势。通过对黄平县返乡农民工创业调查,为今后返乡农民工创业提供借鉴。     

新生代农民工返乡创业社会适应满意度调查研究

探讨新生代农民工返乡创业社会适应满意度现况,受金融支持、政策扶持、教育培训、人际交往、生活状态、子女教育和社会认同等事件的影响,多数新生代农民工返乡创业社会适应满意率较高;新生代农民工返乡创业的生活状态、自我效能、团队合作、社会福利保障、职业教育培训和心理感受等因素影响其返乡创业的成功和社会适应等,建议各级政府积极鼓励新生代农民工返乡创业,提供政策和各项惠农措施,不断推进新型城镇化建设和美丽乡村建设的步伐。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

盐胁迫对葡萄苗期多胺和激素代谢的影响

【目的】 研究盐胁迫条件下,葡萄叶片中多胺含量、多胺氧化酶、多胺合成酶活性以及激素的动态变化,研究不同盐胁迫强度对多胺类物质及激素代谢的影响。【方法】 采用盆栽基质培养模拟盐胁迫环境,设置4个NaCl处理梯度:0 (CK)、1、2和3 g/kg。多胺和激素含量的测定采用高效液相色谱法,多胺合成及分解酶活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计比色法。【结果】 盐胁迫处理后,葡萄叶片中多胺含量和脱落酸含量较对照而言显著增加,玉米素含量显著降低,随胁迫时间的延长,Put、Spm、Spd、ABA以及PAO、DAO、ADC、ODC、SAMDC活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,在10 d及10 d后达到峰值。ZT呈逐渐下降的趋势,并随胁迫强度增大而减小;进行显著性分析后,叶片中多胺含量与Put、Spm、Spd含量呈极显著正相关,DAO、ADC、ODC活性与Put含量呈显著正相关,PAO与SAMDC活性与Spm和Spd含量也呈极显著正相关。【结论】 3种多胺经酶的合成代谢后和激素共同缓解葡萄苗所遭受到的盐胁迫,期间主要发生作用的是多胺合成酶,盐胁迫下多胺与激素含量之间的变化关系也十分密切。     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。