种好黄花菜菜农收益丰

山东省枣庄市山亭区桑村镇地处枣庄西北部,周围5公里内没有大型工厂,土壤肥沃,水质优美,是全市典型的无污染区,使无公害黄花菜(又称金针菜)种植获得了得天独厚的地理优势。因为种金针菜比种植其它农作物赚钱多(一般情况下,露地一级黄花菜卖到12元/千克,特级卖到15-16元/千克;大棚早期卖36-38元/千克。),且省时、省力,黄花菜便成了农民们的“香饽饽”。山亭区桑村镇王庙村青年农民、区农广校优秀学员陈家珍栽种的1亩黄花菜,年收益八千余元。现将其栽培技术介绍如下。1繁育壮苗黄花菜主要采用分株繁殖,时间在花蕾采毕后到冬苗萌发前,也可在冬苗枯萎后春苗抽生前的一段时间,但以前者为好。挖苗分苗时应尽量少     

延安旱地生态苹果园生产的策略及对策

针对延安旱塬气候特点,土壤营养状况,农药污染及生产中有关问题,提出加强果园农业管理,实施种草、覆盖、沼气池腐熟肥料、生物控制等措施,开展苹果生态化生产,成为旱地果业可持续、绿色化、生态化生产的独特模式.     

中国式思维

去美国不久,我搬进了表哥的公寓,我们的邻居名字叫汉森,表哥和他比较熟。他们最近还一起参加了一个电脑网络培训班,老师让他们去买一本参考书,表哥和汉森跑遍了当地所有的书店都没买到,他们只好去图书馆,每人借了一本。过了两个星期,我发现汉森把这本书全部复印了下来,原书归还了图书馆,表哥借的那本书却还没有还,表哥说,“这书我不打算还了。复印这本书需要大概50美元,而我只用到图书馆办个遗失书的手续,只需交纳10美元。”在一旁的汉森听了这话惊讶地说“:可图书馆里的书是公共资源呀,你怎么可以占为己有?”当地图书馆有规定,如果读者不慎…     

忠诚是一种职场生存的方式

根据英国某权威医学杂志公布的美国军医的一项调查显示,部署在亚洲某地的美国海军陆战士兵中,90%都曾受到过攻击,大多数人都看到过战友阵亡或受伤.由于常期处于紧张状态和时刻面临危险,陆战队员的心理健康受到了严重的损害.该调查表明,1/6的上兵在完成任务后出现了心理问题,这个比例和"越战"时期不相上下.     

底栖鱼类对水田上覆水中磷素动态的扰动效应

[目的]研究底栖鱼类泥鳅对水田上覆水中磷素动态的扰动效应,探讨生物扰动机制.[方法]基于模拟试验,使用离子色谱法和分光光度法,对比分析上覆水中磷素含量在有/无泥鳅活动时的差异.[结果]扰动组的TP、DTP和PP浓度在试验开始阶段与对照组无显著差异,在试验中、后期显著高于对照(P<0.05).扰动组要的PP/TP高于对照组,扰动组中TP浓度的增加主要是由于PP的增加,扰动组的DIP/DT在试验中、后期显著高于对照(P<0.05).[结论]底栖鱼类对水田上覆水中的磷素产生了扰动作用,增加了水稻生长可利用的的磷素养分. Abstract： [Objective] The research aimed to investigate the bioturbation effects of benthic fish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus on phosphorus dynamic in overlying water of paddy field,as well as to explore the bioturbation mechanism.[Method]Based on simulation experiment,the phosphorus contents in overlying water were analyzed comparatively with and without Misgurnus anguillicaudatus by the using of ion chromatography and spectrophotometry. [Result] The concentrations of total phosphorus (TP),dissolved total phosphorus(DTP)and particular phosphorus(PP) in bioturbation group had no significant differences with those in control group in initial stage of experiment,and became significantly higher than control group in middle and late stages of experiment(P<0.05).The PP/TP ratios in bioturbation group were bigger than those in control group,the increase of TP concentration in bioturbation group was mainly due to the increase of PP.The ratios of dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP) to DTP (DIP/DTP) were significantly bigger than those in control group in middle and late stages of experiment (P<0.05). [Conclusion] The benthic fish had bioturbation effects on phosphorus in overlying water of paddy field,which increased the available phosphorus for rice growth.     

点“牛粪”成金，牛倌走上致富路

王守红是安徽省临泉县长官镇人,在经历几次创业失败后,决定养牛.刚开始,王守红对养牛一窍不通,就去咨询畜牧专家,专家说:"养牛和养猪是不一样的,牛是草食动物,夏天你就多喂些青草,冬天就喂酒糟加青贮饲料."王守红跑到临泉一家酒厂,发现墙外扔掉的酒糟堆积如山,他如获至宝,雇辆大卡车,将酒糟拉回家.     

非洲茉莉的扦插技术

非洲茉莉,原名华灰莉木,别名还灰莉木、箐黄果等,原产于我国南部及东南亚等国,马钱科灰莉属,为常绿(攀援)灌木或小乔木.在园林中可长至5～12米,常附生;叶对生,草肉质,长圆形、椭圆形至倒卵形,长7～13厘米,宽3～4.5厘米,顶端渐尖头,色若翡翠、油光闪亮;上面深绿色,背面黄绿色.花序直立顶生,有花1～3朵,有极短的总花梗,花冠白色,漏斗状,有芳香,上部5裂,整个花冠呈小喇叭状.花期5月,果期10～12月.     

"都兴隆"氨基酸原粉性能及使用

氨基酸广泛应用于药品、饲料(鱼饲料、猪饲料)及添加剂,是氨基酸叶面肥的主要原料,武汉都兴农资有限公司开发出直接应用于农作物作肥料施用的"都兴隆"氨基酸原粉,其优点有:1.养分含量高内含17种氨基     

水井坊,中国创造的力量--"中国创造奖"颁发,水井坊获"组委会特别推荐创造力产品奖"

2006年3月24日,主题为“关注中国,消费中国,相信中国”的“200‘5中国创造奖’颁奖典礼暨中国创造年度论坛”在北京喜来登长城饭店宴会厅隆重举行。水井坊作为代表着中国白酒行业新风尚的开创者,在此次评选中以唯一的白酒品牌荣膺“组委会特别推荐创造力产品奖”。“中国创造”     

质检总局：允许进入大陆市场的台湾水果增为18种

根据有关法律法规的规定，国家质量监督检验检疫总局2005年5月23日发布公告，允许产自台湾地区进入大陆销售的水果种类由原来的12种增加到18种。新增加的6种水果有椰子、枇杷、梅、李、柿子和桃，自即日起，获准进入大陆市场。此前允许进入大陆市场销售的12种台湾水果是：菠萝、香蕉、番荔枝、木瓜、杨桃、芒果、番石榴、莲雾、槟榔、橘、柚、枣。质检总局有关负责人表示，台湾地区盛产优质热带水果，上述18种水果基本涵盖了台湾生产的主要水果种类。     

State-of-the-Art on the Processing and Comprehensive Utilization of the Apricot Kernels

Apricot kernel is an excellent pharmaceutical and food resource, with high values of nutrition and commercial utilization. Recently, apricot kernel and its products are increasingly important in demand in the market, while about 80% of the total productions of apricot kernels are sold in the form of raw materials, and the highly value-added priority was not reflected by processing. The main reasons are that the industrial concentration of factories is lower, the amounts of large-scale companies are small, and the technology employed in the companies falls behind, which results in the lowly integrated utilization and lowly added value of the products from the apricot kernels, as well as great loss of some important constituents and pollution to the environment. Thus, it is significant and emergent to efficiently achieve the comprehensive utilization of the apricot kernels with the modern processing technology, to reduce the waste of apricot kernels resources and to improve its added value of products. Based on the literature available, the status and problems occurring were firstly reviewed about the skin-removing, debitterizing and drying of the apricot kernels in this paper. Afterwards, the summaries were concluded on the extraction and purification of the oils, essential oils, proteins and amygdalin of the apricot kernels, especially for the comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the methods employed and the status of the products being developed from the components of apricot kernels, and then some suggestions were also put forward. All these contents would provide the theoretical basis and technical support for the comprehensive utilization of the apricot kernels and promote its added value, hence achieving a good development of the apricot kernels industry in China. Finally, the solutions and outlook were also made about the key technologies restricting the deeply processing of apricot kernels. To be specific, the first suggestion was that the modern green skin-removing technology should be adopted to replace the traditionally boiling-water blanching method, and to strengthen the efficient recycling and utilization of the active ingredients in water of blanching and the development of the removed skins for some highly value-added products. Secondly, some novel techniques including ultrasonically-accelerated debitterizing, etc should be employed in the debitterizing of apricot kernels, so as to reduce the nutrient loss and the discharge of wastewater during the debitterizing processing. Thirdly, the innovation should be strengthened about the technology of the simultaneous extraction and utilization of the main components of apricot kernels and its practice, by which the oils could be effectively extracted, and the activity of beta-glucosidase, the denaturation of the proteins and the degradation of amygdalin could also be inhibited and not influenced, so as to maximize the comprehensive utilization of apricot kernels. In a word, the research about the processing of apricot kernels should be centered on the recycling of the by-products and the development of some novel highly value-added products from apricot kernels, and the integration degree should also be improved about the industries of apricot kernels, hence raising the market value and the economic benefits of the apricot kernels. All these contents would promote the well development of the apricot kernels industry, and which was also the meaning and purpose of this paper.     

浅谈饲料生产记录和留样有关事宜

按《饲料和饲料添加剂管理条例》要求,生产饲料的企业应实行生产记录和产品留样观察制度,鉴于目前饲料企业的实际情况,对这项工作的意义,以及生产记录的内容和产品（原料）留样方法、数量和储存的条件、时间提出看法。     

马尾松花粉形态及其变异的研究

本文以自然分布区内马尾松花粉为试材,对花粉的形态及其变异进行了研究。结果表明马尾松花粉有两个气囊,气囊外壁为不规则的网状纹饰。花粉全长、体长、体高、气囊宽、气囊高、气囊壁厚及帽壁缘宽之间存在一定的比例关系。各地马尾松花粉形态变异极显著。     

三峡库区磷污染现状、来源及控制对策的初步分析

分析了近几年三峡库区总磷水平和磷污染现状,结果表明,总磷已经成为三峡库区水质的限制因子之一,库区的次级河流磷污染较三江干流严重;进一步分析了三峡库区磷的来源,表明其主要来源于背景入流,其次是库区范围的面源污染;针对磷的来源,提出了磷污染控制的对策措施。     

污泥蚓粪对匍匐翦股颖草生长的影响

在塑料大棚内采用盆栽试验方法研究污泥蚓粪作为草坪坪床基质改良剂对基质理化性状和草生长的影响,并与泥炭进行了对比,以确定污泥蚓粪作为坪床基质改良剂的可行性,为开拓生活污泥资源化利用途径提供理论基础。结果表明:污泥蚓粪的加入增加了基质的养分供应,可促进草的生长,缩短草坪成坪时间。20g·kg-1和40g·kg-1蚓粪处理的草屑量分别是40g·kg-1泥炭处理的2.4倍和3.3倍。20～80g·kg-1蚓粪处理草的再生速度和叶绿素含量均大于40g·kg-1泥炭处理。但高含量的污泥蚓粪会抑制草坪草的生长,使草坪成坪时间延长,且成坪后盖度较差,质地较粗。实际建设中20～60g·kg-1的污泥蚓粪用量较为合适。污泥蚓粪具备取代泥炭成为坪床基质改良剂的潜能,可成为生活污泥农业工程利用的有效途径。     

卷烟加工过程对烟草质体色素含量的影响

[目的]研究烟叶在加工过程中质体色素的含量变化,为烟草制品的生产和品质提升提供参考。[方法]对烟叶在发酵、回潮、干燥等加工过程中质体色素的变化进行了检测,并考察了河南某牌号卷烟经在线工艺过程后质体色素含量的变化。[结果]烟草中质体色素的含量随着陈化时间的增加而逐渐降低,变化幅度比较大;在回潮工艺中质体色素含量都降低,降低幅度真空回潮大于松散回潮;在干燥工艺中,与未处理样品比较,虽然各种质体色素含量都呈降低趋势,但在气流干燥工艺中,随着工艺强度的增强,质体色素的含量有逐渐升高的趋势。河南某牌号卷烟在线工艺过程中,叶黄素在搀兑三丝后明显下降;β-胡萝卜素经HT和烘丝2个工艺处理后含量连续下降,而叶黄素变化则较小。色素总量在搀兑三丝后明显下降,其他过程则变化不明显。[结论]烟叶在发酵、回潮、干燥、加香等加工过程中质体色素均有不同程度的变化。     

氯嘧磺隆对土壤酶活性的影响

[目的]探讨不同浓度的氯嘧磺隆对6种土壤酶活性的影响。[方法]在供试土壤中加入不同浓度梯度的氯嘧磺隆溶液,使氯嘧磺隆的终浓度分别为（A0）0、田间低用量5 g/kg干土、正常用量10 g/kg干土和高用量20 g/kg干土,定期取样测定酶活性。[结果]各浓度条件下的氯嘧磺隆均对过氧化氢酶有激活作用;不同浓度的氯嘧磺隆可在前期抑制多酚氧化酶、脱氢酶和蔗糖酶活性,但后期又具备激活作用,其中低浓度在整个过程中影响较小;低浓度的氯嘧磺隆对土壤蛋白酶与脲酶活性有一定的刺激作用,而高浓度又对以上2种酶产生抑制作用。[结论]低浓度的氯嘧磺隆对各种酶的影响小,酶活性能够恢复,高浓度处理后土壤酶活性不容易恢复。     

4SHY-2小型不对行玉米联合收获机的研究

为了缓解玉米收获机械研究发展缓慢,赶不上生产发展的需要,在广泛调研的基础上,根据玉米生产农艺情况,研制了小型不对行玉米联合收获机。结果表明该机可在一次完成两行玉米收获的同时进行秸杆还田等作业,为农民提供了一种省工、省力、经济有效的机具。     

水稻源库关系及其研究进展(文献综述)

水稻源库关系(RSS)的研究结果表明,“次库”贮藏物在于阻止秕粒的形成和延缓衰老→而抽穗后源对产量的贡献相对较大;库积累干物质的能力具有位置与时间性;库的积累能力还能调节源的生产能力;库容本身的能力决定了产量限度;水稻从野生型到栽培型、从低产到高产,库源得到了交互改良。目前具超高产潜力的水稻品种或组合籽粒充实不良与新型平衡的源库关系尚未建立有关。从高产理论与限制因子角度出发,水稻有源限制型、库限制型及其它限制型。对源库关系研究过程中存在的问题也进行了讨论。     

烤烟烘烤过程中淀粉酶及淀粉含量的变化

 通过对烤烟品种红花大金元和K326的3个施氮量的烟叶烘烤过程中α－淀粉酶、β－淀粉酶活性的变化和烟叶淀粉含量的研究得出如下结论。2个品种3个施氮量处理烟叶α－淀粉酶变化曲线都呈现双峰曲线,两个高峰出现在烘烤过程的36 h和60 h. β－淀粉酶变化的曲线也呈现双峰曲线,两个高峰值出现在烘烤后36 h和72 h. 2个品种3种施氮量处理烟叶淀粉含量都是从烘烤开始至48 h均迅速下降,烘烤48 h至烘烤结束烟叶淀粉含量下降趋势趋于平稳。