农户农地信用担保融资方式选择及其影响因素研究——来自3省份农户调查的微观证据

缺乏抵押物、担保人是导致农户融资难的关键因素,农地信用担保融资以土地及其派生权益为担保标的,在农地金融改革创新中起着重要作用,有利于解决农户融资难问题。本文基于陕西、宁夏及江苏3省份农户调查的750户田野调查数据,采用Bivariate Probit模型实证研究农户农地信用担保融资方式选择及其影响因素。研究结果表明:农户选择不同农地信用担保融资方式的影响因素既存在差异也存在共性。其中,户主年龄、农业净收入、农地价值评估方式、解决资金困难程度、改善家庭生活程度、金融机构信誉、服务态度、未来3年借贷需求和近3年正规信贷经历等变量均会影响农户选择农地经营权抵押融资和农地收益保证融资;而贷款期限会影响农户选择农地经营权抵押融资或农地收益保证融资;利率评价只影响农户选择农地收益保证融资,业务积极性只影响农户选择农地经营权抵押融资。基于此,本文提出优化产品设计,凸现业务优势;因地制宜开展农地信用担保融资业务等建议。     

商洛市商南县城关镇农户借贷行为分析

由于受到金融政策、农村经济发展水平、不同渠道借贷成本等因素的影响,农村金融市场中的金融抑制现象还仍然存在,农户的借贷需求以及农村经济发展的金融需求等还不能通过农村金融市场获得满足,因此结合实例研究小范围地区农户借贷行为的相关特征以及影响因素对优化当地农村资金配置、促进农村生产经营水平提高、改善农户借贷行为等具有重要意义。本文以商洛市商南县城关镇为研究对象,基于商洛市商南县城关镇农户借贷的相关数据对该地区农户借贷行为特征和影响因素进行研究,对解决农民融资困难,提高农民收入,促进农村经济发展具有重要意义。     

农户参与宅基地使用权抵押贷款意愿的影响因素分析——基于肥城市447个样本数据

推进宅基地使用权抵押贷款业务的发展,是显化宅基地使用权资产属性、增加农民收入、促进农村经济发展的重要途径。本文通过分析山东省肥城市447户农村家庭农村宅基地使用权抵押贷款调查问卷中的一系列变量,探究了农户参与宅基地使用权抵押贷款的影响因素。并运用Logistic模型对户主特征变量、家庭特征变量、贷款需求变量3大类共12个变量进行了农户参与宅基地使用权抵押贷款的影响因素分析。结果表明,文化程度、风险偏好、年人均收入、兼业程度、借贷经验、贷款期望额、抵押用途7个因素对农户参与宅基地使用权抵押贷款意愿有显著影响。基于此,提出推进宅基地使用权抵押贷款业务,应注重不同收入水平和兼业程度农户的融资需求和意愿特征、完善社会保障体系、加强对宅基地使用权抵押贷款业务的宣传的政策建议。     

农户参与小额联保贷款的进化博弈分析

当前我国农村联保贷款的发展遇到了困境,联保贷款率并没有如理论预期那样持续增长,而是时起时落变化很大。本文从联保贷款参与者的有限理性出发,利用进化博弈模型,分析与联保贷款密切联系的各因素,如贷款利率、贷款额度、连带责任、所投资项目风险的相关关系,求出农户自愿参与联保贷款的必要条件,并由此解释农户联保贷款过程中的演变进化路径。这些结论在指导农村信用社发放贷款和农户根据所投资项目风险的高低参与联保贷款团体方面有一定的参考价值。     

农户联保贷款

<正>农户联保贷款是指5户及以上的农户在自愿的基础上组成联保小组,重庆农村商业银行对联保小组某一具体成员提供贷款,其他成员提供连带责任担保的一种贷款。     

新疆南疆地区农户农村土地经营权抵押融资需求意愿分析

以新疆南疆地区农户为研究对象,利用二元Logistic回归模型对农户参与土地经营权抵押融资需求意愿及其影响因素进行实证分析。结果表明,农户年龄、民族对农地经营权抵押融资需求意愿具有显著负向影响,农户受教育程度、家庭土地规模、借贷风险认知、政府相关政策的了解度对农地经营权抵押融资需求意愿具有正向影响。提出加大土地经营权抵押融资政策的宣传力度、推进土地规模化种植、实行灵活性借贷、建立长效风险分担机制等建议,以期推动南疆地区土地经营权抵押融资,促进地区经济发展。     

社会资本对农户农业信用担保融资意愿与行为的影响

发挥社会资本对农户农业信用担保融资意愿和行为的促进效应，对解决农村金融市场上农户抵押担保融资难题意义重大。基于陕西3县（区）666户农户调查数据，采用Bivariate Probit模型，分析社会资本对农户农业信用担保融资意愿和行为的影响，同时进行内生性和稳健性检验，探讨其影响机制和农户异质性。结果表明，50.4%的受访农户愿意进行农业信用担保融资，但融资行为率仅为18.6%，农户对农业信用担保融资有效意愿较低，且意愿与行为间存在偏差。各类社会资本中，政府关系资本仅有利于提高农户农业信用担保融资意愿，而银行关系资本和村级关系资本能显著促进农户同时具有农业信用担保融资意愿和行为，减少二者之间的偏差。社会资本通过提高农户农业信用担保融资流程认知和政策认知而提高其具备融资意愿和行为的概率；相比于其他年龄、受教育程度和收入水平的农户，社会资本对年龄在60岁以下、受教育程度为高中以下和低收入水平农户的融资意愿和行为影响更显著。因此，提出丰富农户社会资本，加大农业信用担保融资宣传力度，制定差异化的农业信用担保贷款政策和申请条件等对策建议。     

农村土地收益保证融资:农户意愿及影响因素研究——基于中国河南省716户农户的估计

本文以河南省(濮阳县、中牟县、商城县、睢县)716名样本农户调查材料为依据,运用二元Logistic回归模型,对农户参与农村土地收益保证融资业务的意愿及其影响因素进行了实证分析。研究结果:户主年龄、主要收入来源、收入水平、信贷经历等因素对农户参与农村土地收益保证融资的农户意愿具有显著作用。鉴于此,本文提出了开展农村土地收益保证融资试点工作,降低产权融资成本,加强农村土地收益保证融资配套制度建设等政策建议。     

农户个人消费信贷需求及其影响因素研究 ——以肥城市为例

随着我国总体经济的发展,中央制定了多项对农村发展有利的扶持优惠政策,我国的农村消费信贷市场日益活跃起来,农村消费信贷在促进农村消费市场发展中的作用日益凸显,展现了巨大的发展潜力。但是就目前来看,存在的一些问题阻碍了农村消费信贷业务的发展,其发展之路仍有待探索。我们将肥城市农户分为三种类型:借贷者、未借贷但有借贷意愿者、未借贷并且无借贷意愿者。通过这三类人的比较分析,我们得出影响肥城市农户个人消费信贷需求及其影响因素。     

不同体制下农户金融需求差异及影响因素分析——基于新疆地方农户和兵团农场职工的调查

分析农户的金融需求行为及其影响因素对于深化农村金融改革、提高农村金融服务水平和促进农村经济的增长具有重要作用。本研究对比分析了新疆地方和兵团农户(职工)金融需求行为,结论为:地方农户和兵团职工在储蓄目的、金融供给主体的选择、信贷资金规模、民间借贷动机、信贷的可得性,农业保险满意度等方面存在较大差异;家庭特征、生产经营特征、收入情况是影响地方农户金融需求的主要因素,而兵团农户金融需求主要受农村金融供给市场特征影响。据此,研究认为地方金融机构应创新担保方式、拓宽金融服务的渠道、加快合会等新型金融组织机构建设;而兵团金融机构应加强信用体系建设、加大人才引进力度、提升金融服务的自身吸引力。     

农村拆迁问题经济博弈分析

简要分析了农村拆迁事件发生的主要原因,通过引入弱势收益的概念,构建农村拆迁问题博弈模型,用博弈论的方法分析了拆迁农户和拆迁单位的行为选择.分析认为:要避免农村拆迁问题的产生,就必须消除农民弱势地位的影响,降低农民的弱势收益,只有这样才能有效地解决该问题.     

福建省农村居民消费结构变动分析

文章对近 2 0年来的福建农村居民的消费结构变动进行了分析 ,说明福建农村居民消费结构在将来可能出现的变动特点。     

Gender, rural households, and biodiversity in native Mexico

Knowledge about maize varieties is the key to rural households' survival in native Mexico. Native peoples relate to nature in particular ways and they play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity. This paper discusses the relationship between native women's accumulated knowledge on maize varieties and the laboratory analysis of the species that they manage. Fieldwork was conducted in an Otomí community, San Pablo Arriba, located in the state of Mexico. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

农村居民收入不均等分解:基于辽宁农户数据的实证分析

为深入研究农村居民的收入不均等状况及其影响因素，本文利用基尼系数和泰尔指数2个指标值测度了辽宁省农村居民收入不均等总体状况，并对农村居民收入不均等进行了要素分解（收入来源分解）和地区分组分解，通过这2种分解以揭示收入不均等的微观状况，和收入不均等问题的实质，在以上分析的基础上阐述本研究的政策涵义。     

基于农村居民家庭收入来源构成的人力资本形成分析

对1993-2005年我国城乡居民家庭收入变化进行分析,结果表明,农民家庭收入对人力资本形成起着决定性作用.随着收入来源结构的变化,工资性收入对总收入的贡献越来越大,第二、三产业经营收入所占比例也逐渐增大,这种构成变化对教育培训、就业迁移和健康等将产生深远影响.因此,提高农民工资性收入和鼓励农户从事第二、三产业经营对农村人力资本形成具有重要意义.     

Consumption strategies in Mexican rural households: pursuing food security with quality

Food quality is an important issue on the global agenda, particularly in high- and middle-income economies, but of little concern in designing Mexico’s food policy. Food policy has focused on quantity and in the case of maize, on satisfying domestic demand by supporting large commercial agriculture and importing from abroad. However, and as argued in this paper, obtaining a food staple (maize-tortilla) of quality is also an important issue for rural households and contributes to motivating continued smallholder production. Based on case studies in the rural district of Atlacomulco, in the state of Mexico, as well as in two regions of the state of Chiapas, this paper analyzes the production and consumption strategies of rural households. We focus on goals of food security and quality and note differential trends among households of varying characteristics and local contexts. We find that the motivation of small-scale producers to grow maize should be supported by Mexico’s food policy.     

Monetary valuation of livelihoods for understanding the composition and complexity of rural households

There is, at present, little precise understanding of the relative contributions of the various income streams used by impoverished rural households in southern Africa. The impact of household profiles on overall income also is not well understood. There is, therefore, little consideration of these factors in national economic accounting. This paper is an attempt to reduce this gap in knowledge by reflecting on the relative contribution of agro-pastoralism, secondary woodland resources, and formal and informal cash income streams to households in the semi-arid rural village of Thorndale, Limpopo Province, South Africa. In the absence of jobs and confronted with high migrant labor, households with open access to natural resources derived more benefits from land-based livelihoods than cash income streams (i.e., 57.5 % vs. 42.5 %). Total livelihood income was valued at US$2887 per household per annum. A significant correlation between monetary values derived from crops and formal wages was established, and it was found that households with high cash incomes tended to invest more in crop production. Over 80 of households were male-headed. Of these heads of household, more than 60 were long-term migrants to urban areas, leaving household decision-making to the women. The low literacy rates of women have deprived them of paid jobs outside the area and, therefore, have increased their dependence on crops (62%) and secondary woodlands resources (60%). This was further reflected in the proportion of households in which females were the main contributors of cash income (9.7%), or joint contributors with men (24.4%). Various positive correlations were established between the number of women per household and the three land-based livelihoods. This implied that womens total control over such activities was mostly a result of the absence of men and not a typical phenomenon. In spite of this control, it was not positively reflected in the lives of majority of the women. Households differed in their participation in livelihood activities. Household size influenced the level of production and was positively correlated with the value of secondary woodland resources and crops. The study shows the interdependence of land-based livelihood sources and the impact of household features on production and consumption. Policies that focus on livelihood options need to recognize and accommodate associated household dynamics.Delali B. K. Dovie is a conservation biologist with interests in agricultural and natural resource economics and conservation, rural sociology, and global environmental change issues. He is currently a START/IGBP African Doctoral Fellow, and Honorary Research Fellow, School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.E. T. F. Witkowski is an ecologist with expertise in eco-physiology, restoration and plant ecology, and ethnobotany. He is Professor and Director of the Restoration and Conservation Biology Research Group, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.Charlie M. Shackleton is an ecologist and Professor at the Department of Environmental Science, Rhodes University with many years of experience and good working knowledge of agro-ecological research, natural resources, plant population dynamics, and ethnobotany.     

鄱阳湖粮食产区农户休耕意愿及影响因素研究

土地休耕是一种较为新兴的耕地保护制度,生态休耕是恢复地力、提高粮食产能和抵御自然灾害的有效措施。通过对鄱阳湖粮食产区农户休耕意愿的调查发现,有48.54%的农户愿意休耕,51.46%的农户认为休耕的经济生态补偿应当等于休耕面积总产值。采用二元Logistic回归方法对农户休耕意愿的影响因素进行分析,结果表明,非农业收入比例、耕地质量的主观判断对农户的休耕意愿分别具有正向影响和负向影响,而户主年龄、文化程度、劳动力数量等指标则影响不显著。